Residue levels of frequently used pesticides in greenhouse grown tomato from Hamadan province and assessment of potential health risks to consumers

Morowati, Mohsen; Nikan, Jafar; Mahdavi, Vahideh

doi:10.48311/jcp.2024.1681

Residue levels of frequently used pesticides in greenhouse grown tomato from Hamadan province and assessment of potential health risks to consumers

https://doi.org/10.48311/jcp.2024.1681

Volume 13, Issue 4
December 2024

Pages 399-409

Document Type : Original Research

Authors

M. Morowati ¹

J. Nikan ²

V. Mahdavi ¹

¹ Pesticides Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.

² Plant Protection Research Department, Hamadan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Hamadan, Iran.

Abstract

Suitable conditions bring about a high population of pests or diseases in greenhouses. Therefore, frequent pesticide application occurs in this production system, which causes public health concerns about pesticide residue in greenhouse-grown crops such as tomatoes. Residue levels of 55 pesticides were investigated in 43 greenhouse-grown tomatoes collected from four cities in Hamadan province using modified Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe (QuEChERS) extraction followed by GC-MS. The residue of 8 pesticides was detected in some samples. Overall, 7% of samples had residue levels above MRLs, 33% of samples had residue at or below MRLs, and 60% of the samples had no pesticide residues. The residues of methidathion (2 samples) and fenpropathrin (3 samples) were above the MRLs (0.05 mg/kg). Non-carcinogenic probabilistic risk assessment was evaluated by Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Hazard Index (HI) based on the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method. The arrangement of pesticides based on HQ ranking was methidathion > cypermethrin > chlorpyrifos > fenpropathrin > diazinon > pirimicarb > metalaxyl > malathion. HI for adults was calculated to be 0.06, and for children, 0.30 in tomato. However, as HI was less than 1, consumers were not at considerable non-carcinogenic risk.

Keywords

Greenhouse

health risk assessment

non-carcinogenic

pesticide residue

Tomato

Subjects

Entomology

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