Hard-water antagonism of trifloxysulfuron as affected by time gap between the addition of adjuvant and herbicide to the tank

Aliverdi, Akbar; Yeganekhah, Laila

doi:10.48311/jcp.2023.1640

Hard-water antagonism of trifloxysulfuron as affected by time gap between the addition of adjuvant and herbicide to the tank

https://doi.org/10.48311/jcp.2023.1640

Volume 12, Issue 3
September 2023

Pages 299-307

Document Type : Original Research

Authors

A. Aliverdi

L. Yeganekhah

Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the effect of a time gap between adding adjuvant and herbicide to the tank on hard-water antagonism of trifloxysulfuron under greenhouse conditions. Treatments consisted of herbicide dose (0, 0.75, 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 g ha^-1), spray carrier (distilled water ± 600 mg MgCl₂, CaCl₂,and FeCl₃ L^–1),the order of adding adjuvant and herbicide to the spray carrier (herbicide alone, the addition of 20 g ammonium sulfate L^-1 or 300 mg citric acidL^-1 15 min before, at the same time, and 15 min after adding trifloxysulfuron to the spray carrier). The dry matter of velvetleaf was regressed over the doses of trifloxysulfuron to obtain herbicide doses in which 50 and 90% velvetleaf control occur (ED₅₀ and ED₉₀, respectively). The presence of Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, and Fe³⁺ in the spray carrier increased the ED₅₀ from 2.41 to 5.07, 7.65, and 9.78 g a.i. ha^-1 and the ED₉₀ from 5.88 to 16.56, 28.48, and 28.19 g a.i. ha^-1, respectively, indicating a hard-water antagonism of trifloxysulfuron as Fe³⁺ = Ca²⁺ > Mg²⁺. Generally, the best order was adding adjuvants 15 min before adding trifloxysulfuron to the tank. It could completely overcome the hard-water antagonism of trifloxysulfuron. In contrast, the order of adding adjuvants 15 min after adding trifloxysulfuron to the tank had no significant effect on overcoming the hard-water antagonism of trifloxysulfuron, resulting in additional costs for farmers.

Keywords

ammonium sulfate

Citric acid

spray water quality

velvetleaf

20.1001.1.22519041.2023.12.3.6.8

Subjects

Weed Science (Herbicides)

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