Abawi, G. S., Crosier, D. C. & Cobb, A. C. 1985. Root rot of snap beans in New York. New York's Food and Science Bulletin, 110: 1-7.
Akhtar, M. S. & Siddiqui, Z. A. 2008. Glomus intraradices, Pseudomonas alcaligenes, and Bacillus pumilus: effective agents for the control of root-rot disease complex of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Journal of General Plant Pathology, 74: 53-60.
Alabouvett, C., Olivain, C., Cordier, C., Lemanceau, P. & Gianinazzi, S. 2001. Enhancing biological control by combining microorganisms. In: Vurro, M., Gressel, J., Butt, T., Harman, G., Nuss, D., Sends, D. & Leger, R. S. (eds.) Enhancing Biocontrol Agents and Handling Risks. Amsterdam: IOP Press
Ali, H. Z. & Nadarajah, K. 2013. Evaluating the efficacy of Trichoderma isolates and Bacillus subtilis as biological control agents against Rhizoctonia solani. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, 8: 72-81.
Aljawasim, B. D., Khaeim, H. M. & Manshood, M. A. 2020. Assessment of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus spp.) as potential biocontrol agents against damping-off disease Rhizoctonia solani on cucumber. Journal of Crop Protection, 9: 141-147.
Amer, M. A. & Abou El, S., II 2008. Mycorrhizal fungi and Trichoderma harzianum as biocontrol agents for suppression of Rhizoctonia solani damping-off disease of tomato. Communications in agricultural and applied biological sciences, 73: 217-32.
Anwar, M., Patra, D., Chand, S., Naqvi, A. A. & Khanuja, S. 2005. Effect of organic manures and inorganic fertilizer on growth, herb and oil yield, nutrient accumulation, and oil quality of French basil. Communications in soil science and plant analysis, 36: 1737-1746.
Arancon, N. Q., Edwards, C. A., Atiyeh, R. & Metzger, J. D. 2004. Effects of vermicomposts produced from food waste on the growth and yields of greenhouse peppers. Bioresource Technology, 93: 139-144.
Ardalan, A., Abbasi, S. & Sharifi, R. 2017. Effect of some mineral elements on biocontrol efficiency of Bacillus pumilus INR7 against bean damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Biological Control of Pests and Plant Diseases, 6: 187-195.
Atwa, M. 2018. Combination of biocontrol agents for controlling soybean damping-off caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Egyptian Journal of Phytopathology, 46: 15-38.
Azcón-Aguilar, C. & Barea, J. 1996. Arbuscular mycorrhizas and biological control of soil-borne plant pathogens–an overview of the mechanisms involved. Mycorrhiza, 6: 457-464.
Baradar, A., Saberi-Riseh, R., Sedaghati, E. & Akhgar, A. 2015. Effect of some bacteria and iron chelators on potato colonization by arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi inoculated by Rhizoctonia. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 8.
Beesigamukama, D., Mochoge, B., Korir, N., Menale, K., Muriithi, B., Kidoido, M., Kirscht, H., Diiro, G., Ghemoh, C. & Sevgan, S. 2021. Economic and ecological values of frass fertiliser from black soldier fly agro-industrial waste processing. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 1: 10.
Bever, J. D., Richardson, S. C., Lawrence, B. M., Holmes, J. & Watson, M. 2009. Preferential allocation to beneficial symbiont with spatial structure maintains mycorrhizal mutualism. Ecology Letters, 12: 13-21.
Bilqees, I., Ghazanfar, M. U. & Hamid, M. I. 2021. Efficacy of different composts extracts for the management of Rhizoctonia solani of potato under the laboratory conditions. International Journal of Biosciences, 18: 69-76.
Blakstad, J. I. 2021. The utilization of frass from the yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) as a plant fertilizer and immune stimulant. MSc, Norwegian University of Science and Technology Faculty of Natural Sciences.
Bonanomi, G., Antignani, V., Capodilupo, M. & Scala, F. 2010. Identifying the characteristics of organic soil amendments that suppress soilborne plant diseases. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 42: 136-144.
Chavez, M. & Uchanski, M. 2021. Insect left-over substrate as plant fertiliser. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed,, 7: 683-694.
Daroodi, Z., Taheri, P. & Tarighi, S. 2021. Direct antagonistic activity and tomato resistance induction of the endophytic fungus Acrophialophora jodhpurensis against Rhizoctonia solani. Biological Control, 160: 104696.
Datta, S., Singh, J., Singh, S. & Singh, J. 2016. Earthworms, pesticides and sustainable agriculture: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 23: 8227-8243.
Diener, S., Zurbrügg, C. & Tockner, K. 2009. Conversion of organic material by black soldier fly larvae: establishing optimal feeding rates. Waste Management & Research, 27: 603-610.
Donate-Correa, J., León-Barrios, M. & Pérez-Galdona, R. 2005. Screening for plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in Chamaecytisus proliferus (tagasaste), a forage tree-shrub legume endemic to the Canary Islands. Plant and soil, 266: 261-272.
Donmez, M. F., Uysal, B., Demırcı, E., Ercıslı, S. & Cakmakcı, R. 2015. Biological control of root rot disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn on potato and bean using antagonist bacteria. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus, 14: 29-40.
Dugassa, G. D., von Alten, H. & Schönbeck, F. 1996. Effects of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) on health of Linum usitatissimum L. infected by fungal pathogens. Plant and Soil, 185: 173-182.
El-Benawy, N. M., Abdel-Fattah, G. M., Ghoneem, K. M. & Shabana, Y. M. 2020. Antimicrobial activities of Trichoderma atroviride against common bean seed-borne Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani. Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 7: 267-280.
Esmaielpour, B., Einizadeh, S. & Pourrahimi, G. 2020. Effects of vermicompost produced from cow manure on the growth, yield and nutrition contents of cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Journal of Central European Agriculture, 21: 104-112.
Etesami, H. & Maheshwari, D. K. 2018. Use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) with multiple plant growth promoting traits in stress agriculture: Action mechanisms and future prospects. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 156: 225-246.
Fathi, A., Kardoni, F., Bahamin, S., Khalil Tahmasebi, B. & Naseri, R. 2017. Investigation of management strategy of the consolidated system of organic and biological inputs on growth and yield characteristics in corn cultivation. Applied Research of Plant Ecophysiology, 4: 137-156.
Fekrat, F., Azami-Sardooei, Z., Moghbeli, E. M. & Hanzai, E. M. 2017. Effect of vermicompost and Glomus versiform on control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici on tomato plant. Biological Control of Pests and Plant Diseases, 6: 127-138.
Gao, Y., Wang, D., Xu, M. L., Shi, S. S. & Xiong, J. F. 2018. Toxicological characteristics of edible insects in China: A historical review. Food Chem Toxicol, 119: 237-251.
García, A. C., Izquierdo, F. G. & Berbara, R. L. L. 2014. Effects of humic materials on plant metabolism and agricultural productivity. In: Ahmad, P. & Rasool, S. (eds.) Emerging Technologies and Management of Crop Stress Tolerance- Biological Techniques. Philadelphia, Massachusetts, USA: Academic Press.
Hafez, E. E., Abdel-Fattah, G. M., El-Haddad, S. A. & Rashad, Y. M. 2013. Molecular defense response of mycorrhizal bean plants infected with Rhizoctonia solani. Annals of Microbiology, 63: 1195-1203.
Hage-Ahmed, K., Rosner, K. & Steinkellner, S. 2019. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their response to pesticides. Pest Management Science, 75: 583-590.
Han, J., Sun, L., Dong, X., Cai, Z., Sun, X., Yang, H., Wang, Y. & Song, W. 2005. Characterization of a novel plant growth-promoting bacteria strain Delftia tsuruhatensis HR4 both as a diazotroph and a potential biocontrol agent against various plant pathogens. Syst Appl Microbiol, 28: 66-76.
Han, S. R., Yun, E. Y., Kim, J. Y., Hwang, J. S., Jeong, E. J. & Moon, K. S. 2014. Evaluation of genotoxicity and 28-day oral dose toxicity on freeze-dried powder of Tenebrio molitor larvae (yellow mealworm). Toxicol Res, 30: 121-30.
He, L., Yang, S.-S., Bai, S.-W., Pang, J.-W., Liu, G.-S., Cao, G.-L., Zhao, L., Feng, X.-C. & Ren, N.-Q. 2020. Fabrication and environmental assessment of photo-assisted Fenton-like Fe/FBC catalyst utilizing mealworm frass waste. Journal of Cleaner Production, 256: 120259.
Hoitink, H. A. & Grebus, M. E. 1994. Status of biological control of plant diseases with composts. Compost Science & Utilization, 2: 6-12.
Houben, D., Daoulas, G., Faucon, M. P. & Dulaurent, A. M. 2020. Potential use of mealworm frass as a fertilizer: Impact on crop growth and soil properties. Sci Rep, 10: 4659.
Huai, L. 2003. Study on the fertilizer efficiency of the frass of Tenebrio molitor L. Journal of Quanzhou Normal University, 4: 68-71.
Hussain, S., Sharif, M., Khan, S., Wahid, F., Nihar, H., Ahmad, W., Khan, I., Haider, N. & Yaseen, T. 2016. Vermicompost and mycorrhiza effect on yield and phosphorus uptake of wheat crop. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 32: 372-381.
Jangra, M., Sindhu, S., Sonika, R. G. & Batra, V. 2019. Studies on efficacy of vermicompost for the management of Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks)(Acari: Tarsonemidae) infesting chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) in Haryana. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 8: 86-89.
Janisiewicz, W. & Bors, B. 1995. Development of a microbial community of bacterial and yeast antagonists to control wound-invading postharvest pathogens of fruits. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 61: 3261.
Janvier, C., Villeneuve, F., Alabouvette, C., Edel-Hermann, V., Mateille, T. & Steinberg, C. 2007. Soil health through soil disease suppression: Which strategy from descriptors to indicators? Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 39: 1-23.
Jeffries, P., Gianinazzi, S., Perotto, S., Turnau, K. & Barea, J.-M. 2003. The contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sustainable maintenance of plant health and soil fertility. Biol Fertil Soils, 37: 1-16.
Kala, C., Gangopadhyay, S. & Godara, S. L. 2015. Eco-friendly management of wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. Ciceri in chickpea. Legume Research, 39: 129-134.
Kareem, T. & Hassan, M. 2014. Evaluation of Glomus mosseae as biocontrol agents against Rhizoctonia solani on tomato. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 4: 15-19.
Kihara, J., Nziguheba, G., Zingore, S., Coulibaly, A., Esilaba, A., Kabambe, V., Njoroge, S., Palm, C. & Huising, J. 2016. Understanding variability in crop response to fertilizer and amendments in sub-Saharan Africa. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 229: 1-12.
Kumar, M., Patel, J., Kumar, G., Sarkar, A., Singh, H. & Sarma, B. 2017. Studies on Pseudomonas and Trichoderma-mediated root exudation pattern in chickpea against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 19: 969-978.
Larney, F. J. & Angers, D. A. 2012. The role of organic amendments in soil reclamation: A review. Can. J. Soil Sci., 92: 19-38.
Liu, H., Yang, Z., Tan, D. & Wu, Z. 2003. Study on the fertilizer efficiency of the frass of Tenebrio molitor L. Journal of Quanzhou Normal College (Natural Science), 21: 68-71.
Liu, J., Liu, J., Liu, J., Cui, M., Huang, Y., Tian, Y., Chen, A. & Xu, G. 2019. The potassium transporter SlHAK10 is involved in mycorrhizal potassium uptake. Plant Physiology, 180: 465-479.
Matloob, A. & Juber, K. 2013. Biological control of bean root rot disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani under green house and field conditions. Agriculture and Biology Journal of North America, 4: 512-519.
Miozzi, L., Vaira, A. M., Catoni, M., Fiorilli, V., Accotto, G. P. & Lanfranco, L. 2019. Arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis: Plant friend or foe in the fight against viruses? Frontiers in Microbiology, 10: 1238.
Moarrefzadeh, N., Khateri, H. & Abbasi, S. 2023 (in press). Alleviation of Rhizoctonia root rot damages in common bean by some arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Journal of Applied Research in Plant Protection.
Moarrefzadeh, N., Khateri, H. & Sharifi, R. 2021a. The effect of some defence inducing volatile compounds against chickpea Ascochyta blight. Plant Protection (Scientific Journal of Agriculture), 44: 43-58.
Moarrefzadeh, N., Khateri, H. & Sharifi, R. 2022. The effects of some arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plant growth and biocontrol of Ascochyta blight in two chickpea varieties. Biological Journal of Microorganism, 11: 23-39.
Moarrefzadeh, N., Sharifi, R., Khateri, H. & Abbasi, S. 2021b. Effect of some probiotics consortia on inhibition of Fusarium yellowing and wilting disease (Fusarium redolens Wollenweber) and growth promoting in chickpeas. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 31: 255-270.
Olle, M. 2019. Vermicompost, its importance and benefit in agriculture. Journal of Agricultural Science, 2: 93-98.
Osimani, A., Milanović, V., Cardinali, F., Garofalo, C., Clementi, F., Pasquini, M., Riolo, P., Ruschioni, S., Isidoro, N. & Loreto, N. 2018. The bacterial biota of laboratory-reared edible mealworms (Tenebrio molitor L.): From feed to frass. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 272: 49-60.
Palmieri, D., Vitullo, D., De Curtis, F. & Lima, G. 2016. A microbial consortium in the rhizosphere as a new biocontrol approach against fusarium decline of chickpea. Plant and Soil, 412: 425-439.
Pathma, J. & Sakthivel, N. 2012. Microbial diversity of vermicompost bacteria that exhibit useful agricultural traits and waste management potential. SpringerPlus, 1: 26.
Phillips, J. M. & Hayman, D. S. 1970. Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 55: 158-161.
Poveda, J. 2021. Insect frass in the development of sustainable agriculture. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 41: 1-10.
Poveda, J., Jiménez Gómez, A., Saati Santamaría, Z., Usategui-Martin, R., Rivas, R. & Garcia-Fraile, P. 2019. Mealworm frass as a potential biofertilizer and abiotic stress tolerance-inductor in plants. Applied Soil Ecology, 142: 110-122.
Quilliam, R., Nuku-Adeku, C., Maquart, P., Little, D., Newton, R. & Murray, F. 2020. Integrating insect frass biofertilisers into sustainable peri-urban agro-food systems. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 1: 8.
Raaijmakers, J. M., Sluis, L. v. d., Bakker, P. A., Schippers, B., Koster, M. & Weisbeek, P. J. 1995. Utilization of heterologous siderophores and rhizosphere competence of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 41: 126-135.
Raimi, A., Adeleke, R., Roopnarain, A. & Moral, M. T. 2017. Soil fertility challenges and Biofertiliser as a viable alternative for increasing smallholder farmer crop productivity in sub-Saharan Africa. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 3: 1400933.
Ravnskov, S. & Jakobsen, I. 1999. Effects of Pseudomonas fluorescens DF57 on growth and P uptake of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in symbiosis with cucumber. Mycorrhiza, 8: 329-334.
Ray, S., Alves, P. C., Ahmad, I., Gaffoor, I., Acevedo, F. E., Peiffer, M., Jin, S., Han, Y., Shakeel, S. & Felton, G. W. 2016. Turnabout is fair play: herbivory-induced plant chitinases excreted in fall armyworm frass suppress herbivore defenses in maize. Plant Physiology, 171: 694-706.
Rivera, M., Wright, E., Lopez, M., Garda, D. & Barrague, M. 2004. Promotion of growth and control of damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani) of greenhouse tomatoes amended with vermicompost. Phyton (Buenos Aires), 73: 229-235.
Rouphael, Y., Franken, P., Schneider, C., Schwarz, D., Giovannetti, M., Agnolucci, M., Pascale, S. D., Bonini, P. & Colla, G. 2015. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi act as biostimulants in horticultural crops. Scientia Horticulturae, 196: 91-108.
Roychowdhury, D., Mondal, S. & Banerjee, S. K. 2017. The effect of biofertilizers and the effect of vermicompost on the cultivation and productivity of maize - A review. Advances in Crop Science and Technology, 5.
Sadhana, B. 2014. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) as a biofertilizer-a review. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci, 3: 384-400.
Sarma, B. K., Singh, P., Pandey, S. K. & Singh, H. B. 2010. Vermicompost as modulator of plant growth and disease suppression. Dynamic Soil, Dynamic Plant, 4: 58-66.
Shasmita, Swain, H., Naik, S. K. & Mukherjee, A. K. 2019. Comparative analysis of different biotic and abiotic agents for growth promotion in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and their effect on induction of resistance against Rhizoctonia solani: A soil borne pathogen. Biological Control, 133: 123-133.
Shishehbor, M., Madani, H. & Ardakani, M. R. 2013. Effect of vermicompost and biofertilizers on yield and yield components of common millet (Panicum miliaceum). Annals of Biological Research, 4: 174-180.
Siddiqui, Z. A. & Akhtar, M. S. 2008. Effects of organic wastes, Glomus intraradices andPseudomonas putida on the growth of tomato and on the reproduction of the Root-knot nematodeMeloidogyne incognita. Phytoparasitica, 36: 460-471.
Silva, G. T. M. d. A., Oliveira, F. I. C. d., Carvalho, A. V. F., André, T. P. P., Silva, C. d. F. B. d. & Aragão, F. A. S. d. 2020. Method for evaluating Rhizoctonia resistance in melon germplasm. Revista Ciência Agronômica, 51: e20197090.
Simsek-Ersahin, Y. 2011. The use of vermicompost products to control plant diseases and pests. Biology of Earthworms. Springer.
Simsek Ersahin, Y., Haktanir, K. & Yanar, Y. 2009. Vermicompost suppresses Rhizoctonia solani Kühn in cucumber seedlings. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 116: 182-188.
Singh, R., Sharma, R. R., Kumar, S., Gupta, R. K. & Patil, R. T. 2008. Vermicompost substitution influences growth, physiological disorders, fruit yield and quality of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.). Bioresource Technology, 99: 8507-8511.
Sinha, R., Agarwal, S., Chauhan, K. & Valani, D. 2010. The wonders of earthworms & its vermicompost in farm production: Charles Darwin's' friends of farmers', with potential to replace destructive chemical fertilizers. Agricultural Sciences, 1: 76-94.
Sørsdal, S. K. 2021. Potential use of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) frass in fruit tree pest management. MSc, The University of Bergen.
Srivastava, R., Khalid, A., Singh, U. S. & Sharma, A. K. 2010. Evaluation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, fluorescent Pseudomonas and Trichoderma harzianum formulation against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici for the management of tomato wilt. Biological Control, 53: 24-31.
St-Arnaud, M., Hamel, C. & Fortin, J. A. 1994. Inhibition of Pythium ultimum in roots and growth substrate of mycorrhizal Tagetes patula colonized with Glomus intraradices. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 16: 187-194.
Szczech, M. 2008. Mixtures of microorganisms in biocontrol. In: Kim, M. B. (ed.) Progress in Environmental Microbiology. New York, USA: Nova Science Publishers.
Temple, W. D., Radley, R., Baker-French, J. & Richardson, F. 2013. Use of enterra natural fertilizer (black soldier fly larvae digestate) as a soil amendment, Vancouver, Canada, Enterra Feed Corporation.
Termorshuizen, A., Van Rijn, E., Van Der Gaag, D., Alabouvette, C., Chen, Y., Lagerlöf, J., Malandrakis, A., Paplomatas, E., Rämert, B. & Ryckeboer, J. 2006. Suppressiveness of 18 composts against 7 pathosystems: variability in pathogen response. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 38: 2461-2477.
Van Wyk, D. A. B. 2018. Influence of vermicompost application on rhizospheric microbial communities and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonisation of BT and non-BT maize in agricultural soil. PhD, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus.
Vanlauwe, B., Descheemaeker, K., Giller, K. E., Huising, J., Merckx, R., Nziguheba, G., Wendt, J. & Zingore, S. 2015. Integrated soil fertility management in sub-Saharan Africa: unravelling local adaptation. Soil, 1: 491-508.
Veselova, M. A., Plyuta, V. A. & Khmel, I. A. 2019. Volatile compounds of bacterial origin: Structure, biosynthesis, and biological activity. Microbiology, 88: 261-274.
Wortmann, C. S., Kaizzi, K. C., Maman, N., Cyamweshi, A., Dicko, M., Garba, M., Milner, M., Senkoro, C., Tarfa, B., Tettah, F., Kibunja, C., Munthali, M., Nalivata, P., Nkonde, D., Nabahungu, L., Ouattara, K. & Serme, I. 2019. Diagnosis of crop secondary and micro-nutrient deficiencies in sub-Saharan Africa. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 113: 127-140.
Wu, M., Yan, Y., Wang, Y., Mao, Q., Fu, Y., Peng, X., Yang, Z., Ren, J., Liu, A., Chen, S. & Ahammed, G. J. 2021. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for vegetable (VT) enhance resistance to Rhizoctonia solani in watermelon by alleviating oxidative stress. Biological Control, 152: 104433.
Xuan, H., Gao, P., Du, B., Geng, L., Wang, K., Huang, K., Zhang, J., Huang, T. & Shu, C. 2022. Characterization of microorganisms from Protaetia brevitarsis larva frass. Microorganisms, 10: 311.
Xue, J., Bakker, M. R., Milin, S. & Graham, D. 2022. Enhancement in soil fertility, early plant growth and nutrition and mycorrhizal colonization by vermicompost application varies with native and exotic tree species. Journal of Soils and Sediments.
Yatoo, A. M., Ali, M., Baba, Z. A. & Hassan, B. 2021. Sustainable management of diseases and pests in crops by vermicompost and vermicompost tea. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 41: 1-26.
Yildirim, E. & Erper, I. 2017. Characterization and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia spp. isolated from vegetable crops grown in greenhouses in Samsun province, Turkey. Bioscience Journal, 33: 257-267.
You, X., Kimura, N., Okura, T., Murakami, S., Okano, R., Shimogami, Y., Matsumura, A., Tokumoto, H., Ogata, Y. & Tojo, M. 2019. Suppressive effects of vermicomposted-bamboo powder on cucumber damping-off. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly, 53: 13-19.
Zhang, X., Li, X., Gao, Y., Liu, Y., Dong, W. & Xiao, C. 2019. Oviposition deterrents in larval frass of potato tuberworm moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Neotropical Entomology, 48: 496-502.
Zhang, X., Sa, R., Gao, J., Wang, C., Liu, D. & Zhang, Y. 2020. Preventive effect of vermicompost against cucumber Fusarium wilt and improvement of cucumber growth and soil properties. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 23: 515-521.