Evaluation of Chrysoperla carnea and Macrolophus pygmaeus as biological control agents of Frankliniella occidentalis on Batavia lettuce under hydroponic cultivation

H. El Kenway, Ahmed; E. A. El-Sheikh, Wael; Ali Mohamed, Mohamed

doi:10.48311/jcp.2022.1594

Evaluation of Chrysoperla carnea and Macrolophus pygmaeus as biological control agents of Frankliniella occidentalis on Batavia lettuce under hydroponic cultivation

https://doi.org/10.48311/jcp.2022.1594

Volume 11, Issue 2
June 2022

Pages 269-278

Document Type : Original Research

Authors

A. H. El Kenway ¹

W. E. A. El-Sheikh ²

M. Ali Mohamed ¹

¹ Biological Control Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.

² Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 62511, Egypt.

Abstract

Few studies have investigated the efficacy of natural enemies against pests in hydroponic farming. We aimed to determine the effectiveness of two predators Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), and Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur (Hemiptera: Miridae), for controlling Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in hydroponic cultures of Batavia lettuce. Both C. carnea and M. pygmaeus were released weekly with spot treatment: 10-20 individuals /m² and 0.25-5 individuals/ m²/release, respectively. One of the more substantial conclusions from our current study is that C. carnea and M. pygmaeus highly reduced the F. occidentalis larvae and adults (45.85 and 60.91%) over the control treatments. The efficiency of M. pygmaeus was higher than that of C. carnea. The population of F. occidentalis decreased from 8.75, 7.75, and 7.5 individuals /leaf in control to 8.25, 7.0, 6.25, and 3.5, 3, and 2.5 individuals/leaf in the C. carnea and M. pygmaeus, respectively in all three planting cycles. Results also showed that in control and M. pygmaeus, the variation was only significant between cycles 1 and 3. While the C. carnea group showed a significant difference between cycles 1 and 3 and 1 and 2. Results also indicated that M. pygmaeus was more effective than C. carnea as a biocontrol agent against the larvae and mature F. occidentalis. Thus, using M. pygmaeus and C. carnea to manage the thrips damage is advised.

Keywords

soilless culture

Vegetable

Organic

natural enemies

insect pest management

hydroponic

20.1001.1.22519041.2022.11.2.8.1

Subjects

Biocontrol of Plant Diseases

Ail-Catzim, C., 2012. Respuesta funcional de diferentes instares larvales de Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) sobre ninfas de Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Homoptera: Psyllidae). Rev. FCA UNCUYO, 44(2), pp.279-288.
Benis, K. and Ferrão, P., 2018. Commercial farming within the urban built environment – Taking stock of an evolving field in northern countries. Global Food Security, 17, pp.30-37.
Bennison JA, Maulden KA, Wardlow LR. 1998. Novel strategies for improving biological control of western flower thrips on protected ornamentals-potentials new biological control agents. Proceedings of the BCPC conference: Pest and Disease 1: 193–198.
Castro L., M. A., Martínez O., J. W., & Dotor R., M. Y. 2016. Evaluación del efecto regulador de Chrysoperla externa sobre mosca blanca Trialeurodes vaporariorum en tomate. Revista de Ciencias Agrícolas, 33(2), 43. https://doi.org/10.22267/rcia.163302.51
Chambers, R., Long, S. and Helyer, N., 1993. Effectiveness of Orius laevigatus (Hem.: Anthocoridae) for the control of Frankliniella occidentalis on cucumber and pepper in the UK. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 3(3), pp.295-307.
Chow, A., Chau, A. and Heinz, K., 2010. Compatibility of Amblyseius (Typhlodromips) swirskii (Athias-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) for biological control of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on roses. Biological Control, 53(2), pp.188-196.
Cloyd, R.A. 2009 Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) Management on Ornamental Crops Grown in Greenhouses: Have We Reached an Impasse? Pest Technology, 3, 1-9.
Currey, C., 2017. An Introduction to pests in hydroponic production. [online] Produce Grower. Available at: <https://www.producegrower.com/article/an-introduction-to-pests-in-hydroponic-production/> [Accessed 23 March 2017].
Espino, H., Mendoza, A., Espino, J. and Gómez, V., 2017. Comportamiento de Búsqueda y Capacidad Depredadora de Chrysoperla externa sobre Frankliniella occidentalis. Southwestern Entomologist, 42(2), pp.463-476.
Fantinou, A., Perdikis, D., Labropoulos, P., & Maselou, D. (2009). Preference and consumption of Macrolophus pygmaeus preying on mixed instar assemblages of Myzus persicae. Biological Control, 51(1), 76–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.06.006
FAO. 2017. The future of food and agriculture – Trends and challenges. Rome.
Funderburk, J., 2009. Management of the Western Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Fruiting Vegetables. Florida Entomologist, 92(1), pp.1-6.
Funderburk, J., Reitz, S., Olson, S., Stansly, P., Smith, H., McAvoy, E., Demirozer, O., Snodgrass, C., Paret, M., and Leppla, N. 2011. Managing Thrips and Tospoviruses in Tomato. EDIS publication ENY-859. University of Florida IFAS Extension, Gainesville, FL.
Gao, Y., Reitz, S., Wang, J., Xu, X. and Lei, Z., 2012. Potential of a strain of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) as a biological control agent against western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Biocontrol Science and Technology, 22(4), pp.491-495.
He, Z., Guo, J., Reitz, S., Lei, Z. and Wu, S., 2019. A global invasion by the thrip, Frankliniella occidentalis: Current virus vector status and its management. Insect Science, 27(4), pp.626-645.
Kirk, W. and Terry, L., 2003. The spread of the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande). Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 5(4), pp.301-310.
MO Lifeng, 莫., ZHI Junrui, 郅. and TIAN Tian, 田甜., 2013. Biological control efficiency ofOrius similisZheng (Hemiptera：Anthocoridae) on Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) under different spatial and caged conditions. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 33(22), pp.7132-7139.
Morse, J. and Hoddle, M., 2006. Invasion Biology of Thrips. Annual Review of Entomology, 51(1), pp.67-89.
Pedigo, L., Hutchins, S. and Higley, L., 1986. Economic Injury Levels in Theory and Practice. Annual Review of Entomology, 31(1), pp.341-368.
Principi M.M. & Canard M. 1984: Feeding habits. In Canard M., Semeria Y. & New T.R. (eds): Biology of Chrysopidae. Junk, The Hague, pp. 76-92.
Reitz, S., Gao, Y., Kirk, W., Hoddle, M., Leiss, K. and Funderburk, J., 2020. Invasion Biology, Ecology, and Management of Western Flower Thrips. Annual Review of Entomology, 65(1), pp.17-37.
Reitz, S., Yearby, E., Funderburk, J., Stavisky, J., Momol, M. and Olson, S., 2003. Integrated Management Tactics for Frankliniella Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Field-Grown Pepper. Journal of Economic Entomology, 96(4), pp.1201-1214.
Rodrigues, C. A., Battel, A. P. M. B., Martinelli, N. M., Moral, R. D. A., Sercundes, R. K., & Godoy, W. A. C. 2014. Dynamics and Predation Efficiency of Chrysoperla externa (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) on Enneothrips flavens (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Florida Entomologist, 97(2), 653–658. https://doi.org/10.1653/024.097.0243
Shrestha G. 2011. Investigation of potential of the green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea Stephens, (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in biocontrol of lettuce aphid, Nasonovia ribisnigri (Mosley) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in field-grown lettuce. MSc Thesis, Aarhus University.
Shrestha, G., & Enkegaard, A. 2013. The Green Lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea: Preference between Lettuce Aphids, Nasonovia ribisnigri, and Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis. Journal of Insect Science, 13(94), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1673/031.013.9401
Weiss, A., Dripps, J. and Funderburk, J., 2009. Assessment of Implementation and Sustainability of Integrated Pest Management Programs. Florida Entomologist, 92(1), pp.24-28.
Wu, S., Zhang, Z., Gao, Y., Xu, X. and Lei, Z., 2016. Interactions between foliage- and soil-dwelling predatory mites and consequences for biological control of Frankliniella occidentalis. BioControl, 61(6), pp.717-727.
Xu X, Enkegaard A. 2009. Prey preference of Orius sauteri between Western flower thrips and spider mites. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 132(1): 93–98.
Enkegaard A, Brødsgaard HF, Hansen DL. 2001. Macrolophus caliginosus: Functional response to whiteflies and preference and switching capacity between whiteflies and spider mites. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 101(1): 81–88.
Xu, X.N., Borgemeister, C. and Poehling, H.M., 2011. Interactions of western flower thrips, two-spotted spider mites and the predatory mite Amblyseius cucumeris (Oudemans) on beans. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, 48(3):579-587.

XML

PDF 644.12 K