Stability of quantitative resistance in wheat and barley to Fusarium head blight

Sakr, Nachaat

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Sakr N. Stability of quantitative resistance in wheat and barley to Fusarium head blight. JCP 2024; 13 (2) :169-178
URL: http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-72244-en.html

Stability of quantitative resistance in wheat and barley to Fusarium head blight

Nachaat Sakr

Department of Agriculture, Syrian Atomic Energy Commission, Damascus, P. O. Box: 6091, Syria. , ascientific1@aec.org.sy

Abstract: (120 Views)

Wheat and barley can be infected with Fusarium head blight (FHB), reducing grain weight and quality. A number of studies have recognized the stability of quantitative resistance (QR) within wheat and barley cultivars; however, the behaviour of QR may not be stable over different environments. We have therefore evaluated QR stability in diverse bread and durum wheat and barley cultivars under artificial infection with a set of 16 fungal isolates of four Fusarium species with diverse pathogenicity. Nine QR components were obtained under in vitro, growth camber, and field conditions, and they were used to describe the nature of QR stability at the earliest and latest growth stages. Analysis of the variance of bio-experiments revealed significant cultivar-isolate interactions. The seedling and adult plant results showed that Arabi Aswad (barley) and Bohoth10 (bread wheat) were ranked among the most FHB resistant, whereas Acsad65 (durum) was the most affected cultivar. The reliability of the cultivar ranking was validated by the significant correlation among the resistance measured by the nine resistance components on host cultivars. QR stability in cultivars to FHB infection was fulfilled over years as well as several experimental conditions, suggesting that QR of wheat and barley to Fusarium is mainly explained by major quantitative trait loci that confer resistance to all FHB isolates. The constancy of QR resistance ratings of cultivars is consistent with a hypothesis that wheat- and barley-Fusarium interactions for QR were of small value. The cultivars AS and Bohoth10 showed remarkable and stable resistance in almost all tests and gave the lowest sensitivity rates; they could be very promising sources of genetic resistance to FHB in breeding programs and an alternative for farmers to Fusarium-sensitive cultivars.

Keywords: Fusarium pathogens, isolate-nonspecific resistance, stable resistance

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Article Type: Original Research | Subject: Resistance to Plant Diseases
Received: 2023/11/2 | Accepted: 2024/10/2 | Published: 2024/12/9

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