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Showing 3 results for Willow
Bahram Naseri, Meysareh Shabarari,
Volume 4, Issue 3 (9-2015)
Abstract
Nutritional indices of the willow leaf beetle, Plagiodera versicolora Laicharting, third instar larvae and adults were studied on four host plants including Salix alba L., Salix aegyptica L., Populus caspica Bornm.and Populus alba L.at 22 ± 2 ºC, 70 ± 10% R.H., and a photoperiod of 16:8 h (L: D). The results showed that the highest consumed food by the larvae and adults (148.5 ± 18.0 and 175.21 ± 4.51 mg dry weight, respectively) was on P. caspica. The larvae fed on S. alba and S. aegyptica had the highest efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) (2.3 ± 0.33 and 2.23 ± 0.67%, respectively) and efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) (2.5 ± 0.35 and 2.41 ± 0.72%, respectively). Approximate digestibility (AD) of larvae was the highest on P. caspica and P. alba (98.51 ± 0.25 and 98.14 ± 0.1%, respectively). The lowest relative consumption rate (RCR) of the larvae and adults was on S. alba (0.14 ± 0.001 and 0.13 ± 0.006 mg/mg/day, respectively). ECI and ECD values of the adults fed on various host plants were not significantly different. Adults fed on P. caspica had the highest values of RCR (0.59 ± 0.01 mg/mg/day), relative growth rate (RGR) (0.02 ± 0.008 mg/mg/day) and AD (98.72 ± 0.24%). These results demonstrated the higher feeding performance of the willow leaf beetle on P. caspica and its poorer performance on P. alba.
Hossein Lotfalizadeh, Mehri Babmorad, Farnaz Shafaei,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (2-2023)
Abstract
Two chalcidoid parasitic wasps (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) of two lepidopterous pests on willow trees, Salix spp., were collected in Tehran and Alborz provinces, Iran. Ooencyrtus populicola Myartseva, 1995 (Hym.: Encyrtidae) and Colpoclypeus florus (Walker, 1938) (Hym.: Eulophidae) were reared on Ceruravinula (L., 1758) (Lep.: Notodontidae) and Nycteola asiatica (Krulikovsky, 1904) (Lep.: Nolidae), respectively. Ooencyrtus populicola is a parasitoid of egg and C. florus is an ectoparasitoid of larval stage. Ooencyrtus populicola is a new record for Iran, but C. florus was previously reported as a parasitoid of an unknown leaf-roller larva.
Volume 19, Issue 125 (7-2022)
Abstract
The musk willow essential oil is volatile and encapsulation can protect them from environmental factors such as, light, oxygen and temperature. In the present research, preparation of sodium alginate-whey protein microcapsule containing essential oil of musk willow was carried out by internal gelation-emulsification method with encapsulation efficiency of 87.31%. The obtained microcapsules were characterized by particle size analyzer, zeta potential analyzer and scanning electron microscope. Encapsulation efficiency, swelling ratio and in vitro release of the essential oil was also investigated in fatty and acidic food simulation conditions. At acidic and fatty food simulation conditions, the complex presented negatively charged, with potential zeta values being 42.25 and 38.11 mV, respectively. The greatest electrostatic interaction occurred near pH 3.0 where the charge approached neutrality, which represents a balance between the biopolymer charges. Microcapsules shrinking in the acidic food simulation (pH=3.0) and expanding in the fatty food simulation (pH=7.0). The release results indicated that the release of musk willow essential oil from the microcapsule in both conditions occurred with a controlled manner and exhibited a slow rate. The essential oil release was found to be best fitted by Hixson–Crowell model (R2=0.993 for the acidic food simulation condition and R2=0.995 for fatty food simulation condition) which implies that a change in diameter of the microcapsule as a function of time. Mathematical modeling of release kinetics shows that musk willow essential oil loaded microsphere release follows by classical Fickian diffusion and erosion/degradation mechanisms.
