Showing 7 results for Solanum Tuberosum
Samira Naghizadeh, Hooshang Rafiee-Dastjerdi, Bahram Naseri, Ali Golizadeh, Behrouz Esmaielpour,
Volume 8, Issue 4 (8-2019)
Abstract
The potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) is one of the important pests of solanaceous plants, especially potato Solanum tuberosum L., in many temperate areas of the world including Iran. In this study, essential oils were extracted from Artemisia absinthium L., Achillea millefolium L. and Artemisia dracunculus L. using Clevenger apparatus. One-day-old eggs were treated by sublethal concentrations (LC30) of essential oils, and their effects were studied on reproductive parameters and population growth parameters. Probit analysis of ovicidal effects showed that LC50 values for A. absinthium, A. millefolium and A. dracunculuswere 2.60, 2.36 and 1.08 µl/l air, respectively. The percentage of larval penetration into potato tubers was lower than untreated control. The values of intrinsic rate of increase (rm) in control and treatments of A. absinthium, A. millefolium and A. dracunculus were 0.107, 0.079, 0.081 and 0.087 day-1, respectively. The results of this study showed that tested essential oils have a good potential to protect stored potatoes from P. operculella infestation.
Volume 8, Issue 29 (5-2011)
Abstract
Comparison between GM potatoes against non-GM potatoes is considered as a serious obstacle in trading and research institutes in Iran. The use of new analytical methods based on genome evaluation for differential identification between GM/non-GM products has a great importance.
Sampling has been carried out from the market of four provinces. After DNA extraction according CTAB method, normal PCR and Real Time-PCR has been used for following up the target and endogen genes, 35S promoter, cp gene and Sucrose synthase gene/B-fructasidase respectively. Absence of amplification in the aforementioned PCRs, conducted the analyses to follow up PVYO and PVYN through the specific primers designed for their detection. All samples have provided good amplification implying contamination of samples by viruses and absence of GM potatoes in Iran market, as well.
Volume 13, Issue 6 (11-2011)
Abstract
The use of healthy planting material is an important prerequisite for controlling destructive viral diseases in potato production. Virus elimination methods such as meristem culture and thermotherapy are usually used to produce the nucleus stock of healthy planting material. Here, we report a new technique of electrotherapy for elimination of two potyviruses, Potato virus A (PVA), and Potato virus Y (PVY), from potato plants. Electric currents of 15, 25 and 35 mili Ampers for 10 to 20 minutes were used for eliminating the combination of PVA and PVY in six potato cultivars. An electric current of 35 mili Ampers for 20 minutes was the most effective electrotherapy treatment for eliminating these two viruses. Responses of potato genotypes to electrotherapy were significantly different. Regenerations of electrotherapy treated plantlets in cultivars Lady Roseta and Banaba were 70.8 and 66.6 percent respectively, while these were approximately 54 to 58 percent for cultivars Olimpia, Agria, Desirea and Clone 69. Virus free plantlets were successfully produced in the potato cultivar Lady Roseta. However, in other cultivars examined in this study, electrotherapy resulted in drastic reduction of virus concentration but not total eradication of the virus infection from plant tissues.
Volume 17, Issue 2 (3-2015)
Abstract
Salt stress negatively impacts crops yield throughout the world. Nine varieties of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) were screened for salt stress tolerance by measuring in-vitro growth of the aerial plant parts, as well as roots. Salt stress was evaluated by adding 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 and 200 mM of NaCl to Murashige- Skoog (MS) medium and compared to MS medium without NaCl. Plant length and stem thickness, leaf area, roots number, length, and thickness, and plant fresh and dry weights were measured. Osmotic pressure (Ψmedium, MPa) and electrical conductivity (ECmedium, mS cm-1) of media ranged from −0.2 to −0.91 MPa and 5.8 to 24 mS cm-1, respectively. Salt stress adversely affected the plant growth, and varieties differed in their responses. Progressive reduction in the studied parameters occurred as NaCl levels increased. Grouping all the varieties by cluster analysis, based on the growth parameters response to salt stress, resulted in three distinct groups: (1) salt tolerant group of two varieties, namely, Taurus and Sultana; (2) moderately salt tolerant group of four varieties, namely, Loane, Diamant, Amarin, and Sylvana; and (3) salt sensitive group of three varieties, namely, Toscana, Soraya, and Kenita. The response variation of these potato varieties under NaCl indicated the possibility of using them for developing salt tolerant varieties for production in Syria.
Volume 17, Issue 3 (5-2015)
Abstract
This research was performed in order to study and diagnose Potato virus Y,Potyvirus (PVY), Potato virus X,Potexvirus (PVX), Potato virus S,Carlavirus (PVS), Potato virus A,Potyvirus(PVA) and Potato leafroll Luteovirus (PLRV) on tubers and leaves of different potato varieties, namely, Solea, Safran, Floris, Proventa, Milva, Universa, Lady olympia, Vangogh, and Marabel grown in Afyon region of Turkey. For this purpose, potato tubers from different varieties were obtained from Afyon region producers during 2009-2010 and they were planted in the trial plots in Isparta region of Turkey. One hundred sixty nine samples were taken from the leaves showing virus symptoms in the vegetation period and 109 samples were taken from the tubers of suspicious plants in the harvest period. Total of 278 samples were tested by using double antibody sandwich- enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) method. The DAS-ELISA analysis revealed that both tubers and leaves were infected with PVY, PVX, PVS, PVA and PLRV. It was determined that 87.45% (244 samples) of the tested samples were infected with one or more viruses and 12.54% (34 samples) of them gave negative reaction with DAS-ELISA. Regarding the prevalence of viruses among the potato varieties in this study, it was found that all samples belonging to Safrane and Milva varieties were infected with one or more viruses. Besides, other potato varieties showed different rates of virus infection. In the mechanical inoculation tests,serious stunting, systemic chlorosis and leaf deformation symptoms were observed on N. glutinosa, whilesymptoms such as mottling, leaf distortion, chlorotic and necrotic local lesions were observed on the leaves of other test plants.
Volume 17, Issue 5 (9-2015)
Abstract
A three-year field experiment was conducted under conditions of Luvic Chernozem soil. Diversified nitrogen fertilization with 0, 60, 120, and 180 kg N ha-1, and microbial preparations improving soil properties were applied to potatoes, cv. ‘Satina’, cultivation. N–NO3 concentration in the soil profile (0–0.9 m) in autumn after potato harvesting fluctuated from 28 kg N ha-1 in the N0 treatment to 70 kg N ha-1 in the N180 treatment, whereas N–NH4 content varied from 22 to 48 kg N ha-1, respectively. The level of nitrogen fertilization also had a significant effect on the change in soil N–NO3 content during the autumn-winter period. The decrease in N–NO3 content in the N0 treatments was 7% compared to 24% in the N180 treatments. Application of microbial preparations to potato cultivation caused an increase in Nmin content in soil after crop harvesting. However, after the autumn-winter period, a lower amount of N–NO3, compared to the control treatment, was found in the treatments where microbial preparations had been used.
Volume 21, Issue 1 (1-2019)
Abstract
Peroxidases (POXs) and Catalases (CATs) are the main antioxidant enzymes involved in scavenging H2O2 in living cells. Different POXs and CATs may be capable of exhibiting interaction with the constituents of the plant cell. Whereas the activity or gene expression of POXs and CATs has been investigated in potato plants, their interactions with other proteins in this crop have not been investigated till now. Determining Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) networks could be important in providing crucial insights into the regulation of plant defense responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. STRING analysis revealed interaction of cationic, suberization-associated anionic, and Class III peroxidases in potato with several enzymes involved in lignin biosynthesis and phenylpropanoid pathways, which was in accordance with close phylogenetic relationship of the three potato peroxidases investigated in this study. The CAT1 enzyme in potato interacted with several enzymes involved in ROS production. Phylogenetic analysis of the CAT1 and CAT2 genes in this plant species referred to their close relationship. Demonstrating how each isoform of these enzymes responds to environmental stimuli and how it interacts with other proteins at transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels seems to be useful in designing novel and effective plant protection strategies against different stresses.