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Virtual platforms can be an effective tool for evaluating students' performance. However, their success depends on the effective use of digital tools, teacher preparedness, and the adoption of appropriate communication approaches. The current research aimed at scrutinizing the relation between the digital competencies of English Language Teachers (ELT) of three Universities of Misan, Baghdad, and Mustansiriyah with the usage of digital tools for distance teaching during the contingency of COVID-19 in the academic year 2020-2021. The study is a quantitative type accompanied with a correlational scope and a non-experimental cross-sectional design. 98 ELT teachers participated in the study. Two instruments were applied to carry out the gathering of information; these instruments were Likert surveys sent through Google Forms, one had 17 items and was aimed to measure the use of the digital tools, while the other had 20 items and was aimed to measure the digital competencies. The overall conclusions of the study revealed the existence of a strong positive correlation between the level of digital competencies and the use of digital tools in the professors of the University of Misan, University of Baghdad, and University of Mustansiriyah, the professors of these schools mentioned a strong trend to always use the digital tools in their pedagogical tasks. The differences found probably were influenced by other variables that are not part of the target in this study such as age, working experience, among others.

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Most of the common oil and gas fields are located in the Persian Gulf, which is one of the shallowest seas in the world. The region of West Asia and the Persian Gulf is experiencing countless geopolitical tensions. Historically, these common oil fields are a source of conflict and tension that has led to wars. Iran and Iraq have 15 common oil fields. The present study, entitled Analysis of the geopolitical consequences of the shared oil resources between Iran and Iraq, seeks to answer the question of what role the shared oil resources of Iran and Iraq play in the relations between the two countries. Also, descriptive-analytical method and Dimetal technique have been used to investigate the title of the research. The findings of the research show that variables such as regional competition, unilateral development of common oil fields, close economic cooperation, regional differences, Iran's economic growth and the reduction of the effect of sanctions, different business partners, differences in attracting foreign investment, Iran's inability to invest, geopolitical convergence in the Strait of Hormuz, joint ventures, instability in economic diplomacy, etc. in the region indicate high interaction and strong systemic connection with other variables. Based on the analysis, it seems that it is necessary for Iran to develop relations with Iraq with a detailed analysis of the current situation and according to Kargosha's predictions about the future, while trying to maintain its share and wealth in common reservoirs and foreign investment in the oil industry in order to transform potential threats into new opportunities and provide maximum benefits by creating cooperation.


 

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This article, by descriptive-analytical method, seeks to investigate how to reflect Iranian culture in Fazel al-Azzawi's poetry. Fazel al-Azzawi, an alive Iraqi innovative, talented, and obscure poet has referred to Iranian culture in part of his poems. Hence, in this paper, it is sought to mention examples in which Iranian culture is to be seen, in addition to introducing such a mighty poet to those interested in the area of Arabic literature. One example of this evidence is the recollection of Iranian characters such as Khayyam Nishapur, Rumi, Hafez, Saadi and Mansur Hallaj. According to the research, the poet mentioned these characters in his poem because of using their wisdom and poem content in his own poetry, in addition to his dedication to them. The results of this study indicate that the Iraqi poet, by narrating and describing Iranian myths in the One Thousand and One Nights Stories, encoded them only as a motive for revealing his political critique, and regards it as a way of expressing dissatisfaction with the community of his time, in order to make a change in his own land. Also, in this research, the most prominent signs of Iranian culture in Fazel al-Azzawi poetry, i.e., referring to the cities and places of Iran such as Tehran, Isfahan, Shiraz and Qom, were finally considered, are investigated. And finally it was concluded that the poet has mentioned these cities in order to make a link between them and the conditions of his own homeland. In fact, these cities are places for sympathy with his own homeland. At the end of the research, the Arabic words with Persian origins in poet’s poetry have been presented and investigated which can undoubtedly be an example of the effectiveness of Persian language in Arabic one. Accordingly, it is safe to say that al-Azzawi's poetry is a perfect mirror of Iranian culture.

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Three countries, turkey, Syria and Iraq that have the common spillway and basin of Tigris and Euphrates due to increasing dependence to these rivers they have had to establish a dam and control the water streams in their territories. In this regard turkey government which is located upper than its south neighbors based on eastern south Anatolia project or GAP for developing agriculture and industry in its eastern south territory need a huge amount of water of Tigris and Euphrates. Furthermore because of dam building in its territory has decreased the share of water for Iraq and Syria. The reduction of water of Tigris and Euphrates has had negative impacts on environmental security and inappropriate political, economic and social effects on Iraq and Syria. This problem and political goals of turkey in recent decades have made the conflicts and challenges among these three countries. This research based on descriptive and analytic method and resources try to answer this question that what is the effect of hydropolitic gab project on environmental security of Iraq and Syria and what are the turkey goals of this plan? Implementing the phases of gap project in recent decades has had negative environmental impacts such as water pollution, eliminating the rare species, increasing the desertification, destroying the swamps and basins and producing hazes in Iraq and Syria and it seems that turkey government is establishing the hydrohegemony in the region.

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Persian language is not used in the same way in different geographical areas, historical periods & social contexts as other languages are. So always Persian language has had some varieties with some difference in words, sounds and grammars. Stable and unstable sub-cultures that are formed in the scope of Persian language are the most important factors to the occurrennce of  the social varieties. War front in Iran, as an example of small community, is a particular sub-culture with behavioral, written and oral dimensions,  and most significant part of it is collected in the book named "An Encyclopedia of the war front''. This descriptive  analytical article tries to present a slight part of oral culture of the war front with emphasise on  the linguistic aspect of contemporary Persian language. The most important section of oral cultures are the idioms, explanations and proper names  that many of them have been collected in the first volume of the mentioned book. As we know, the features of this language are mainly related to the vocabulary level; so in this paper, our consideration is  to  the first volume of  this book, and after a brief speech about the varieties of Persian language and common language in the culture of war front in Iran,  some examples are taken briefly

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Iraq's geographical location is such that many seasonal and permanent rivers of the surrounding countries flow into it. Iraq itself lacks sufficient sustainable water resources to meet its development and infrastructure needs. Hence, the future of Iraq's security and development depends on the hydropolitical approach of the surrounding countries. Over the past decade and a half, Iran has controlled the outflow of water from the western borders of the country as part of a plan to organize and develop water and soil resources in the west of the country, which has reflected on the volume of water entering Iraq have been. The present article is of a practical nature, the methodology of descriptive- analytical text and data- based theory method is used and the required input is used by the library method and the use of data-based theory is based on the hypothesis that hydropolitics is policy-oriented. Iraqi foreigners will be more reflected in their interaction with the Islamic Republic of Iran. The results showed that with regard to the increasing limitation of water resources, increasing water consumption and reducing the inflow of Iranian border rivers to Iraq, which is associated with a threat to part of the country's water and food security, hydropolitics in the form of tension in the direction of Iraq's foreign policy in dealing with the Islamic Republic of Iran will be more reflected.

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Due to its nature, water resources, in addition to giving life to a land and its creatures, can be the source of differences between countries and nations with common resources and cause great losses. In this regard, a new field of research called hydro politics has been created that surveys these issues. Considering the climate situation of the Middle East and the widespread limitation of water resources in this region, the purpose of this study is to investigate the hydro political situation of Iran's joint watersheds with neighbors with emphasis on the Tigris and Euphrates, especially the Arvandrud River. Using the descriptive-analytical method, first, the resources were reviewed systematically, and then the situation of water resources in the area was identified and studied using spatial analysis. Surveys were conducted on three large scales in the Tigris and Euphrates basins, the middle scale in the Karkheh and Karun basins, and the local scale in the Arvandrud River joint area. Studies have shown that the hydro political situation in the region will become tenser with the control of water by upstream countries and due to the very high population growth and water consumption in Iraq. Also, due to Iraq's limited access to open waters and its very small and unsuitable coastline for maritime transport, there is a potential for tension in the region in the future

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Comparative and linguistic study of invitations in the cultural context of Iran and Iraq Involvements as linguistic genre are regarded as sociological data and are considered as an indicator of the relationship between social phenomena. By examining invitations of a particular time period, discourses derived from phenomena Social that period. This comparative study, which is based on the analysis of the genre and the critical analysis of discourse, attempts to explore the structure of wedding cards written in Arabic and Persian languages, and the role of social and cultural values. In its formulation. Familiarity with the social approaches of two different cultures, studying the impact of social and cultural factors on invitations, comparing the structure of invitations and explaining the impact of social phenomena on linguistic phenomena are among the most important goals of this research. Since this research examines the social approaches of the two countries and increases the level of recognition of different cultures, it seems necessary to do so. The results of the study show that the importance of the diversity of text and forms of wedding cards in Iran is more significant than in Iraq, with the title acquired in Iraq becoming more and more important, religious and patriarchal categories have a crucial role in the structure of wedding cards in There are two cultures, with the difference that the role of these two categories in the wedding cards of Arab countries is more colorful than Iran.

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Abstract One of the topics that have been very much considered by the poets, it's a chess game. This game is from the themes seen in Arabic poetry, especially poetry of the Abbasid poets and Persian poets of the Iraqi and Azerbaijani style. Due to the prevalence of chess in various literary periods and the king's interest in it, the poets have been able to reveal their thoughts and emotions and the theme of their minds through the symbolic use of chess and vertebras. The purpose of this study is to compare the poetry of the Arab poets of the Abbasid period and the poets of the Iraqi and Azerbaijani style of Persian literature. The research method is descriptive-analytical in order to find out the chess phenomena in the poems of these two periods. The results of this research show that the symbol of chess has different meanings in Arabic and Persian poems. It can be said that the common themes of chess in the poems of the Arab poets of the Abbasid period and the style of Iraqi and Azerbaijani is that Iranian and Arab poets in some of their poems have likened the chessboard to worldly life due to the instability of its vertebrate on the chess board. And they consider chess as a tool for entertainment and a tool for polishing and defining mind or intellect. They also explain the scene of war and destiny and having a wisdom in life by interpreting the game.

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Memories of the imposed Iraq war against Iran were linked to men’s narratees. More women played a role as an object linked to solider, such as martyr’s mother and wife. Da is a different book. In this article, we try to study Da and its relation to the dominant social discourse, with using Fairclough theory and method. He mentioned three-dimensional framework for studying discourse: analysis of language texts, analysis of discourse practice and analysis of socio-cultural practice. We will show Da, unlike the traditional discourse, emphasis on the other roles of women in the imposed war. In addition, Da tries to make a female verbal construction that it is not found in similar women books. Da goes beyond the traditional discourse of women’s role in war, and seems to have succeeded in this way. With a male act and female speech, Da creates a new text and a new discourse.

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Currently, the conflict over the exploitation of Tigris and Euphrates has become one of the most important conflicts between Turkey and Iraq. Regarding this important issue, this article tries to answer three basic questions in this field: what are the key drivers of conflict over these water resources between Turkey and Iraq? Second, what are the possible scenarios of conflict over shared waters? And third, what are the optimal strategies to settle this conflict? The present research is applied in terms of type and is futures studies in terms of nature and method used cross impact analysis and scenario writing techniques. At first step, this article tries to identify the drivers of the conflict by referring to experts in this field and analyzing the findings using MicMac software. After identifying the key drivers, strong scenarios are determined by Scenario Wizard software. The research findings show that out of a total of 189 situations on the scenario portfolio, 28 are critical situations, 93 are static situations and 68 are favorable situations. Therefore, critical and static situations occupied a major part of the scenario portfolio. Finally, by considering the most possible scenarios and emphasizing the key drivers of conflict over shared waters between Turkey and Iraq, some strategies are presented to settle the causes of conflict. 
 

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One of the most widely used stylistic techniques is the comparison of similar literary works in different historical periods. The result of these similarities and differences will be the mystery of the poet's superiority to the other, as well as the level of linguistic, historical and cultural influences on the literary text. With a quick look at Indian poetry and Isfahani style, one can clearly understand the increasing tendency of their creators to apply poetry techniques and techniques to their predecessors. Techniques and instruments that, in different aspects (form and content), distort the speech on the language chain from the standard and standard language and its proximity to the language of poetry and poetry. In this regard, determining the style of a poet is to identify and identify the same tools and techniques in frequency that vary from poet to poet. Accordingly, it should be noted that the main difference between the style of Isfahan and Indian style poets in the poet's approach to poetry of these times is poetry and common themes of the literary (motiv) themes in the common Iraqi style in Iran. Biddle strives to end the style of Hindi not influenced by Isfahan's style (impact anxiety theory); Such an approach is less intense against the Iraqi style poets and is more intense than the likes of Saeb.
 

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Critical realism,as a branch of the literary school of realism,seeks to convey objective and accurate experiences of reality to the reader by looking at the social problems of man in the new age,and to criticize the prevailing situation in society with a reformist attitude. Samuel Shimon In his first novel,“An Iraqi in Paris”,was able to gain a special place in the field of fiction in Arabic literature;Reza Ghasemi is one of the most prominent novelists of Persian literature that wrote the novel“Nocturnal Harmony”.Both novels reflect the realities of their society and the phenomenon of migration.The purpose of this study is investigate the harmful challenges of the migration phenomenon.In this research,by examining the components of immigration literature from the perspective of critical realism based on description and analysis in the context of the American comparative school, two novels are examined.The results of the research show:Doubt in the basis of insider culture and cultural contradiction in the novel"Nocturnal Harmony"is more prominent than the novel"An Iraqi in Paris" but this is manifested in both novels in the form of alienation.In both novels, critically reviewing the past,while criticizing the political and social conditions prevailing in their society,the way of teaching some religious and cultural teachings has also been criticized.The challenges of immigration are manifested in both novels in the form of disappearance,identity crisis, homelessness and insecurity,but the author has a positive view of the future in the novel"An Iraqi in Paris",but in the novel" Nocturnal Harmony"the authorchr('39')s view is hopeless.

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New faunistic and taxonomic data are provided for 18 families of Iranian spiders. Four species, Cryptodrassus liyanicus Zamani & Marusik, sp. n. (♀, Bushehr Province; Gnaphosidae), Mesiotelus khorasanicus Zamani & Marusik, sp. n. (♂♀, Razavi Khorasan Province; Liocranidae), Nurscia minuscula Zamani & Marusik, sp. n. (♀, West Azerbaijan Province; Titanoecidae) and Talanites farsensis Zamani & Marusik, sp. n. (♀, Fars Province; Gnaphosidae), are described as new to science. Clubiona liachviana Mcheidze, 1997 stat. reval. (Clubionidae) is removed from the synonymy with C. alpicola Kulczyński, 1882 and is reported from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkmenistan for the first time; additionally, its previously unknown male is described. The genus Kishidaia Yaginuma, 1960 (Gnaphosidae) and a total of 10 species are recorded in Iran for the first time, and new provincial records are provided for 20 species. Two specimens from Iraq are also reported. Considering the results of this paper, the number of species of spiders known from Iran is increased to 980 species in 329 genera.

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The Iraqi Special Tribunal is a body established under the Iraqi national law to try Iraqi nationals or residents accused of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes or other serious crimes committed between 1968 and 2003. The statute of Iraqi Special Tribunal was enacted on 10. 12. 2003 by the Iraqi Governing Counsel. The tribunal recognizes the wishes of the Iraqi people to establish a legal instrument suitable for proving their rights and uncovering the truth about what happened during the past years. The intention of the drafters of the statute was to attempt insofar as possible to comply with the international standards of due process of law and to focus on the crimes committed under the international law such as genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity. But do they success in doing so or not will be discussed in this paper.

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Aims: Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by chronic elevation of glucose in the blood. This disease is currently considered a major public health challenge worldwide, and raising awareness of risk factors and complications associated with diabetes has been a common strategy for controlling disease incidence. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge level about diabetes and its relationship with demographic factors in students of Health and Medical Technology University in Baghdad City.
Instruments & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 119 students of Health and Medical Technology University in Baghdad City, during 2021-2022. Data were collected using a research-made questionnaire consisting of two sections: The first section included demographic information, and the second section included diabetes information. The knowledge levels were classified into three classes: adequate, acceptable, and inadequate. A logistic regression test was used to investigate the contribution of demographic variables to the knowledge level of subjects. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software.
Findings: 47.1% of respondents had adequate knowledge, 27.7% had acceptable knowledge, and 25.2% had inadequate knowledge. The contribution of four demographic factors, including age, gender, habitat, and family history of diabetes, in the adequate knowledge level of the subjects was 88%, 78%, 77%, and 81%, respectively (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The knowledge of the students of Health and Medical Technology University in Baghdad City about diabetes is at an adequate level. Four demographic factors, including age, gender, habitat, and family history of diabetes, play a role in the adequate knowledge level.

 

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This research is an attempt to represent the enemy in a woman's self-portrait memoirs about Iraq’s war against Iran. Years after, those who were involved in the war have an image of an enemy which is different from the mental and cultural boundaries of those who didn’t experience war. Besides, the point of view of a woman gives a different image of the enemy. Therefore, to depict the representation of this enemy, the book "I Am Alive" by "Masoumeh Abad" was selected. This book is written directly by the person who was engaged in war and the text is not influenced by any possible chronologist or diarist helping writing the text; hence, it is considered a direct and firsthand text. By applying Lotman’s cultural semiotic theory, Echo’s theory of inventing enemy and the semiotic square of Greimas the text was analyzed. Study of the text showed that polarization, delineation and making an ideological enemy has been used to represent the enemy. The form of the enemy and the amount of hostility in this text are not fixed. The writer allocates different degrees of hostility to enemies, and we see a continuum of enemy. In some cases, as circumstances require, such as the perceived danger or helplessness, enemy is considered an insider.
1. Introduction
The Iraq-Iran’s war is the longest conventional war of the twentieth century, beginning with Iraq's invasion of Iran and lasting eight years. In the Pahlavi era, governments differed greatly over borders and water resources, and relations were very strained. With the conclusion of the, however, after the Islamic Revolution in Iran, Saddam Hussein, who was at the head of the ruling Ba'ath party, unilaterally terminated the 1975 Algiers agreement and launched a large-scale attack against Iran on September 22, 1980. It was a war between two neighboring countries in which the people of both lands shared religious affiliations. For this reason, the effects of this war on the lives of the people were profound and unforgettable, especially ideologically it was unbelievable for them to deal with an enemy of the same religion was unbelievable to them.
Decades after the war, those involved in the war still have an image of the enemy that differs from the mental and cultural boundaries of those who have not experienced war. On the other hand, the way a woman conceptualizes the enemy gives a different picture of it. So, we aim to answer these questions, how enemy is formed from a woman's point of view? What mechanisms are used to represent the enemy? And does the enemy have a fixed meaning?
2. Literature Review
War memoir is one of the most common methods of recording events, both during and after the war. For this reason, many works related to the Iraq-Iran war have been written in the form of memoirs. In this regard, Kazemi (2015), Salimi-Nejad (2014), Faizi Sho’ar (2014), Mo’men Abadi (2014), Gholam Hosseinzadeh (2013), Tadi Bani (2011), Qaisari (2011), Ilkhan (1388) and Irvani (1386) in their master’s theses have studied some memories about Iraq-Iran’s war. Sasani (2005, 2008) has also collected and translated a collection of articles related to war as a socio-cultural phenomenon from various foreign authors. Numerous studies have been done in connection with the theory of cultural semiotics, including Lotman (1990, 1984), Posner (2004), Echo (2012), Sonesson (2000, 2001, 2004) and Pakatachi (2004). )
3. Methodology
This is a descriptive-analysis case study research. In order to answer the questions of this research, data were collected from first hand documents about war. The first hand document is a written piece which is written by the same person who was involved in the events of the memoirs directly and is not affected by the thoughts and opinions of those who write else’s memoirs. Also the gender and locality variables were considered. Therefore the book I am alive by Masoumeh Abad was selected. The author, Masoumeh Abad, is a young lady from Abadan and a native of the war zone. She was a captive for four years in Iraqi camps and has written a book about the memoirs of her captivity. In this study, Lotman semiosphere model, Eco inventing enemy theory, and Greimas semiotic-square model have been used to examine the data.
                                                                    4. Results
The concept of "other" has always played an fundamental role in one’s identity recognition. Whether it is a living thing or an object or a natural force. If someone feels any threat or danger from this "other", immediately recognizes him as an enemy and attributes the maximum of malice and hostility to him. In this way, the person gets the maximum distance from the "other"  and is prepared to face the possible danger from the enemy. By applying semiotic tools and echo theory, we found that the author of book I am Alive uses polarization and imagery processes to describe the enemy. She creates an ideological enemy for herself and the audience, which has the highest level of malice, and by using inter textual references to the events of the beginning of Islam, especially the Ashura incident, places the enemy in the lowest possible ideological position. The image of this enemy is completely black and has a polar nature. On the other hand, we see that the enemy in this work is not only formulated on the basis of dualism and polar binaries, but is seen as a continuous conceptual entity. Some characters have less enmity and hostility than others. . Sometimes the author raises the farthest enemies to the nearest insiders as needed to avoid potential danger The feature of continuity in representing enemy was explained via presented model which was inspired by Greimas semiotic-square
 
 
Figure 3
Continuum of the concept of the enemy
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As you can see the concept of enemy can glide from the left side of axis to the right side and get close to the concept of friend. Vice versa a friend can move to the left, lose its features of being a friend and become an enemy
 
6. Conclusion
It can be said that the concept of enemy is a floating, unstable and graded concept. The word enemy is an empty container in which anyone or anything with different grades can be placed in different situations.
 
 

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During the survey in the orchards of Al-Husiniya in Karbala in June 2019, specimens of Psilochalcis elegantula (Masi, 1929) were collected using a sweep net. It is the first record of the genus Psilochalcis Kieffer, 1905 and P. elegantula from Iraq. The important morphological characters are illustrated and discussed. An updated list of the chalcidid species in Iraq is also provided including ten species in six genera.

 

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In recent years, the target of research shifted from students to teachers and different dimensions of teachers’ characteristics such as teacher education, personality and identity were widely researched. Among teacher’s psychological factors, in EFL context, teachers’ emotion regulation, resilience and their psychological well-being became the center of attention in recent years. The main purpose of this investigation was to explore the relationship between Iraqi EFL teachers’ emotion regulation, resilience and their psychological well-being. To this end, 450 Iraqi EFL teachers were selected as the participants and 421 filled the relevant questionnaires which were distributed through sharing the link of google form containing the questionnaires. The results of data analyses revealed that there was a positive and significant relationship between teachers’ emotion regulation and their well-being. Moreover, multiple regression analysis proved that teachers’ resilience and emotion regulation were significant predictors of their psychological well-being and teacher resilience had a higher predictability power. The findings will be helpful for teacher trainers and decision makers to improve the quality of novice and student teachers regarding their emotion regulation, resilience and psychological well-being.