Showing 11 results for Jaafari
Volume 2, Issue 4 (3-2014)
Abstract
Oxygen concentration the environment and cellular organisms is one of the effective factors during normal development of organisms. In the present study, the transcription levels of the hypoxia-inducible factors (hif-1, hif-2) were evaluated during development of an ancient fish species Acipenser persicus, in the normal oxygen density of environment. The transcription of hif-1, hif-2 detected in all developmental time-points defined, from embryo to juvenile stages. Target genes transcriptions were normalized using RPL6 as reference gene. Changes in normalized hif-1, hif-2 mRNA expression were statistically significant throughout developmental points (p<0.05). Our data revealed that the mRNA expression of hifs were low during embryonic development and then upregulated significantly at hatching and early larval time-points. Then, in the late larval development and juvenile stage the expression of hifs started to decline. The comparison between hif-1 and hif-2 mRNA transcription showed that maximum gene expressions of hif-1and hif-2 occurred in 15 and 20 days after hatching, respectively. The increased expression of hifs suggests their association with two important events in the larval evolution, viz. internal feeding (yolk absorption) and external feeding. Also, the observed increase in mRNA expression of hifs during larval development of A. persicus can be attributed to increase in oxygen demand.
Volume 3, Issue 1 (6-2014)
Abstract
The effect of cadmium on hematological and biochemical indices of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) exposed to subacute (0.65ppm) and acute (3.25ppm) concentrations for 96-h test period was assessed. The results showed that Hb, Hct, RBC and MCV significantly decreased in low concentration of cadmium (p<0/05), while MCH, MCHC, WBC, glucose and cortisol were significantly (p<0/05) higher than control group in both low and high concentrations. This study reveals that some hematological and biochemical indices of silver carp, such as cortisol, can be used as suitable biomarkers in tracing Cd2+ contamination within water bodies.
Volume 6, Issue 3 (9-2020)
Abstract
The family Leucospidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) are the largest chalcidoid wasps with some distinct morphological characters. During insect collection of the Faculty of Agriculture in Karbala, Leucospis bifasciata Klug, 1814 was collected in 2019. It was collected using sweep nets. This is the first record of L. bifasciata from Iraq. Including previously recorded L. dorsigera Fabricius, Leucospidae of Iraq reaches to two species.
Volume 7, Issue 2 (Spring 2021)
Abstract
Backgrounds: A potential cross-immunity between SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV could lead to the development of a serodiagnostic test and/or serotherapy against SARS-CoV-2 using dromedary camel anti MERS-CoV serum.
Materials & Methods: Epidemiological and 66 literature data, of which 35 have been published during 2015-2021, and findings were analysed.
Findings: According to the statistical data reported during COVID-19 pandemic, there are less cases and deaths associated with COVID-19 in countries known for dromedary breeding and the circulation of MERS-CoV (another betacoronavirus disease transmitted by dromedary camels) among humans and dromedaries. This observation and the similarity in genome and immunopathogenicity between SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV, suggest that individuals who have been in contact with MERS-CoV infected dromedaries and/or consumed their products (milk, meat, urine) might have acquired an immunity protecting them against SARS-CoV-2. In addition to neutralizing antibodies, this immunity could also be due to complement proteins, chemokines, and especially antimicrobial peptides (AMP), known for their effect on enveloped viruses.
Conclusion: Most research has focused on vaccines as a solution to stop the pandemic, while serotherapy hasn’t significantly aroused the interest of researchers. This potential cross-immunity between SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV could lead to the development of a serodiagnostic test and/or serotherapy against SARS-CoV-2 using dromedary camel anti MERS-CoV serum.
Souad Lekchiri, Taoufik Hakim, Hafida Zahir, Redouane Benabbes, Kaoutar El Fazazi, Chorouk Zanane, Abdeslam Jaafari, Mostafa Ellouali, Hassane Latrache,
Volume 10, Issue 3 (6-2021)
Abstract
Our study aims to evaluate the physicochemical mechanism involved in the adhesion of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis (Foa) on date palm root of resistant (Aziza M) and susceptible (Boufegouss) varieties by determining their surface properties. Hydrophobicity of Date palm root and Foa was evaluated by contact angle measurement (θw) and free energy of interaction determination (∆Giwi). Our results showed that Foa surface is hydrophilic (θw = 30.57° and ΔGiwi = 15.51 mj/m2) and has an important electron donor character (γ- = 53,99mj/m2), whereas its electron acceptor property is low (γ+ = 8.95 mj/m2). Regarding date palm, the surface of sensitive variety’s root is hydrophilic (θw = 62.97°), while that of resistant variety is hydrophobic (θw = 69.50°). This character was confirmed by quantitative approach (ΔGiwi = 6.84 mj/m2 for sensitive variety and ΔGiwi = -20.61 mj/m2 for resistant variety). Also, it was noted that both resistant and sensitive varieties are weak electron acceptors (γ + = 0.15 mj/m2 and γ + = 0.08 mj/m2 for resistant and sensitive varieties respectively). The two varieties are relatively important electron donors, but the sensitive variety is more donor (γ- = 30.5 mj/m2) than the resistant one (γ- = 16.57 mj/m2). These results suggest that hydrophilic character and electron donor/acceptor character may be responsible for the adhesion of Foa on sensitive date palm root and therefore causes its susceptibility to bayoud disease. In contrast, the hydrophobic character of the resistant variety could explain its resistance.
Ali A. Kareem, Hossein Lotfalizadeh, Ayad Kadhim Alsendi, Sienaa Al-Zurfi, Raad K. AlJaafari,
Volume 12, Issue 4 (12-2023)
Abstract
During the survey in the orchards of Al-Husiniya in Karbala in June 2019, specimens of Psilochalcis elegantula (Masi, 1929) were collected using a sweep net. It is the first record of the genus Psilochalcis Kieffer, 1905 and P. elegantula from Iraq. The important morphological characters are illustrated and discussed. An updated list of the chalcidid species in Iraq is also provided including ten species in six genera.
Volume 14, Issue 1 (6-2014)
Abstract
Due to sedimentation process, structure of particles and subsequent loading history, most of the natural soil and rock deposits, tend to be highly anisotropic, which manifests itself in the directional dependence of deformation and strength characteristics. Also, existence of discontinuities such as joints and faults cause anisotropic behavior in the rock mass. Different constitutive models have been introduced by researchers to simulate the inherited or induced anisotropy in geo-materials. Due to the concept of the multi-laminate framework, in which yield and plastic potential functions are defined on a number of independent acting planes, plastic flow is developed independently on different planes. Therefore multi-laminate models are able to simulate induced anisotropy, intrinsically. In this study, a constitutive model based on multi-laminate framework with Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion for modeling the anisotropy is written and added to a two-dimensional explicit finite difference program, FLAC. In this model, anisotropy of geo-materials can be modeled in tow different ways; the first way is used to model jointed rocks with the assumption that a pronounced anisotropy of rock can be described by introducing a certain number of planes of weakness and behavior of rock mass can be determined from interaction of the joint planes and the intact rock. In the second way, anisotropy of sedimentary materials can be introduced in a straightforward manner by varying model parameters over the sampling planes that obtains by the parameters in the vertical and horizontal direction. When the number of plans is less than 5, geo-material is considered as the jointed rock mass with those number of joint sets, otherwise, geo-material considered as the sedimentary rock or soil mass; so application of different yield strength in numerous contact plane with uniform distribution, enable the model to simulate anisotropy in intact samples. For each contact plane, two failure criteria are considered associated with two potential functions. In fact non-associated flow rule and associated flow rule are applied to simulate plasticity formulations in shear and tensile mode of failure, respectively. Strength parameters of each contact plane are calculated based on its dip angle and the strengths of the intact soft rock in the direction of parallel and vertical to the sedimentation. The capability of the model is demonstrated by numerical simulation of uni-axial tests on jointed rock mass and the results are compared with those from analytical closed form solutions. The effect of anisotropy in friction angle and cohesion are investigated through the model in order to present sensitivity of the model to anisotropy ratio and angle of sedimentation. Finally the proposed model is used to simulate stability of a slope in the sedimentary domain; the results show that with a constant sedimentation angle, increase in anisotropy ratio will increase the differences of the safety factor of the slopes with isotropic and anisotropic behavior.
Volume 19, Issue 12 (December 2019)
Abstract
In this paper, the effect of the Gurney flap parameters such as the angle of attack, Reynolds number, angle and height of the flap and its location from the escape edge on the lift coefficient of a symmetric airfoil is considered with the help of simulation in computational fluid dynamic software of Fluent. The turbulence model k-ε is used for the two-dimensional domain. Also, the value of the lift coefficient is introduced as a function of effective parameters by the design of experiment (DOE) method and using the backward elimination regression model which is a statistical method for selecting the model and estimated error terms. The value of the airfoil lift coefficient can be determined and predicted by the obtained function. The numerical values derived from the function of the lift coefficient resulted from the design of experiment method are in good agreement with other valid papers. The results show that at the constant attack angle by increasing Gurney flap height, lift coefficient increase. On the other hand, at the constant height of the Gurney flap, this coefficient decreases with increasing angle of attack. Moreover, the lift coefficient increased by increasing the distance of the Gurney flap from the airfoil escape edge at a 90-degree angle and 1.5%, as well as increasing the Reynolds number at a constant height of a Gurney flap.
Volume 20, Issue 5 (May 2020)
Abstract
The asphalt pavements are exposed to daily solar radiation; hence the asphalt pavements provide the remarkable potential to heat a working fluid such as water. Simple structure and ease of fabrication of asphalt solar collectors (ASCs) promise applicability and low-cost operation of this class of thermal collectors. The current experimental and theoretical investigation evaluates the performance, efficiency and dynamic of ASCs in real operating condition at Bam County, Kerman. In this research, to investigate the performance of ASCs, a 1.2m2 prototype was fabricated and its dynamics was monitored under 6 hours a day in two different flow rates of water. The results illustrate that increasing the flow rate of water to collector by 2 times improves the collector efficiency by 25%, while the difference in the inlet and outlet water temperatures decreases. Furthermore, by utilizing the experimental data, a theoretical approach was utilized to predict the performance of ASC in the other flow rates of water. The developed analytic approach has good consistency with the obtained experimental test. The analytic approach provides an effective method to estimate the performance of ASCs with appropriate accuracy, when the experimental results are unavailable.
Volume 20, Issue 79 (4-2023)
Abstract
In Iranian culture, one of the recurring narrative patterns is the narrations in which the story of the birth of a hidden king is mentioned. In this article, three Iranian hidden narrations of the King are examined. In all these narrations, first a prediction announces the birth of the next king, and then the forces for or against it seek it, the child is born, raised in secret, and becomes the king when the opponents are defeated. The study of these narratives has been inspired by a combination of methods used by Propp and Roglan. The functions and characters of the king's hidden narratives are based on Propp's method in The Morphology of Folk Tales. The use of Roglan's models is also important because he examined the myths that have similarities with the subject of this study and gave a general model of them. The present study shows that the three narrations of Fereydoun and Kaykhosrow in Ferdowsi’s Shahname and Ardashir’s narration in Karname-ye Ardashir-e Babakan can all be placed in a single model with five main functions.
Volume 31, Issue 4 (Winter 2025)
Abstract
One of the new approaches toward entrepreneurial education is the development of entrepreneurial schools as a science and technology center and the use of knowledge that can play a vital role in the development of countries. The purpose of this article is identifying the antecedents and consequences of the development of entrepreneurial education in the primary education system by the Meta-analysis method of Sandelowski & Barroso model. So, after searching in reputable databases such as Magiran, Noormags, ProQuest, Emerald, Science Direct, Sage, Springer, Scopus based on the set criteria, finally 35 articles selected and by analyzing their content, the relevant concepts and codes extracted and finally priority of each determined using Shannon's entropy method. Based on the research findings, the concepts of entrepreneurial characteristics of school principals, entrepreneurial characteristics of teachers, entrepreneurial culture of the school, entrepreneurial education methods, participation of external stakeholders in entrepreneurship education in school, entrepreneurial curriculum, entrepreneurial perspective of education, political factors, entrepreneurial attitude of parents, Student motivation and school type have the highest coefficient of importance among the 11 factors affecting entrepreneurial education in primary schools. Furthermore, the learning outcomes of entrepreneurship education in primary schools include entrepreneurial attitudes, entrepreneurial skills, entrepreneurial knowledge, and entrepreneurial abilities. The results of this study can provide valuable insights for the development and advancement of entrepreneurship education in the primary education system.
