Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 14 2 2025 06 01 Oviposition preference and host susceptibility of the oriental fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae) on commercial mango varieties 117 131 27585 10.48311/jcp.2025.76070.0 EN Chandana Dammika Wijekoon Department of Zoology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka. Mangala Ganehiarachchi Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka. Hemantha Wegiriya Department of Zoology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka. Sharmen Vidanage Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka. Journal Article 2024 07 23 The Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is a serious fruit pest in South Asia; however, studies of its oviposition behavior on different host fruits in Sri Lanka are insufficient. Hence, the present study was conducted to determine the oviposition preference and host susceptibility of B. dorsalis on four commercial mango varieties [Karutha kolumban (Kc), Willard (Wld), Vellai kolumban (Vc), and Betti amba (Ba)] under controlled laboratory conditions. The comparative preference and susceptibility of B. dorsalis to four mango varieties were tested by a series of choice and no-choice experiments. The oviposition preference was evaluated, and host susceptibility was investigated by incubating the tested fruits separately until pupation and adult emergence. Results revealed that mature females of B. dorsalis exhibited significantly different host preferences and susceptibilities among the four mango varieties tested (P < 0.05). Distinct host visits, visit durations, oviposition attempts, and a significantly high number of pupae and adult emergence of B. dorsalis were recorded for `Kc`, followed by `Ba`, `Vc`, and `Wld` mango varieties. The `Wld` was less preferred by B. dorsalis for oviposition. Moreover, fewer pupae and adult emergence occurred for this variety. The mango variety and fruit circumference were significantly correlated with host visits, visit durations, oviposition attempts, and the number of pupae and adults, while the impact of fruit peel thickness on these factors was negative. Study findings help design control measures for B. dorsalis to prevent damage to the commercial mango varieties in Sri Lanka.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_27585_1833ac47b85928f3b36d2676ca9df03a.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 14 2 2025 06 01 More environmental resources consumption in low-input intercropped maize-cowpea leads to the suppression of weed growth 133 143 27593 10.48311/jcp.2025.76211.0 EN Kamyar Kazemi Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran. Hamdollah Eskandari Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran. Seyed Nader Mosavian Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2024 10 05 The current research was conducted to assess weed growth suppression in intercropped maize and cowpea related to the utilization of some environmental resources, including solar radiation, soil moisture, and space. The study was performed using a randomized complete block design with three replications. An additive series was selected to design intercropping patterns. The research was conducted in Shadegan, Khuzestan, during the 2022-23 growing season. Treatments were D1 (100% of maize density in pure stand + 25% of cowpea density in pure stand), D2 (100% of maize density in pure stand + 50% of cowpea density in pure stand), D3 (100% of maize density in pure stand + 75% of cowpea density in pure stand) and D4 (100% of maize density in pure stand + 100% of cowpea density in pure stand) and maize and cowpea sole cropping. According to the results, the patterns of intercropping utilize more solar radiation and soil moisture than pure stands of maize and cowpea. When the density of cowpea in mixed cropping patterns was increased, more solar radiation and soil moisture were utilized, with D4 exhibiting 35% and 15% solar radiation interception compared to pure stands of maize and cowpea, respectively. The moisture content of the soil at D4 was the lowest, with 80% less soil moisture compared to the pure maize stand. The efficiency for preventing weed growth was higher in intercropping patterns. When cowpea is cultivated at 25% of its pure stand (the lowest density), the weed suppression efficiency is 21% compared to sole maize. When cowpea was cultivated in its pure stand at 100% density (the highest density), the weed suppression efficiency was 36% compared to sole maize. Similar results were seen for a pure stand of cowpea. As a final remark, intercropping can reduce weed growth when cowpea is cultivated in its highest density.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_27593_d0eb61f26691d0e6aa548549ab20c0a6.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 14 2 2025 06 01 Dodartia orientalis reproduction under temperature, salinity, and burial constraints 145 159 27605 10.48311/jcp.2025.76136.0 EN Fariba Meighani Weed Research Department, Iranian Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran. Batool Samedani Weed Research Department, Iranian Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran. Mahjoubeh Esmaeilzadeh-Moridani Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, South Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO), Jiroft, Iran. Raoudha Abdellaoui University of Gabes, Arid Regions Institute, LR16IRA03 Laboratory of Rangeland Ecosystems and Valorization of Spontaneous Plants and Associated Microorganisms, El Fj´e, Medenine, Tunisia. Behrouz Khalil Tahmasebi Plant Protection Department, South Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center (AREEO), Jiroft, Iran. Mohammad Roozkhosh Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. Journal Article 2024 01 17 <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; letter-spacing: -.3pt;">Dodartia Dodartia orientalis L. <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; letter-spacing: -.3pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">(<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; letter-spacing: -.3pt;">Scrophulariaceae) is an invasive perennial weed that has been investigated as a medicinal plant <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; letter-spacing: -.3pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">species<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; letter-spacing: -.3pt;">. There are no comprehensive studies on the biology of this weed. Seven experiments on seeds and rhizomes were conducted in the laboratory and greenhouse at the Weed Research Department of the Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection in 2018 and 2019. The results showed that dodartia seed viability was 62.5%. The optimum constant and alternating temperatures for seed germination were 20 °C and 15/25 °C, respectively. Alternating temperature was more appropriate than constant temperature for dodartia seed germination. The use of concentrated sulfuric acid (98%) for 2 minutes was the best stimulus for Dodartia seed germination. Conversely, gibberellin did not stimulate seed germination. The seeds germinated at NaCl concentrations < 300 mM. The study of dodartia vegetative reproduction under the effect of various environmental factors showed that the optimal planting depths and lengths for rhizome emergence were 2.5 cm and 15 cm, respectively. Rhizomes did not emerge in response to salt stress (for all studied NaCl concentrations). <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Additionally, the planting depth and smaller rhizome size lead to a longer time to shoot emergence. The study of cold stress effects revealed that Dodartia rhizome emerged after 24 and 48 hours of incubation at 0 °C and -5 °C. <span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Dodartia rhizomes emerged after 24, 48, and 72 hours at 25 °C, and after 48 hours at 0 °C and -5 <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">°C<span style="font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">. However, keeping rhizomes at -10 °C resulted in their loss of viability. Our findings indicate that breaking rhizomes into small pieces and deep burial are crucial for effectively controlling Dodartia growth.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_27605_c46aa3e64c16b0ecf6bf60161a1e1c76.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 14 2 2025 06 01 Identification of different types of resistance to stripe rust Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, in some dryland wheat genotypes of Iran 161 173 27606 10.48311/jcp.2025.76238.0 EN Safarali Safavi Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Ardabil, Iran. Farzad Afshari Department of Cereal Research, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran. Naser Mohammadi Department of Cereal Research, Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Maragheh, Iran. Maghsoud Hasanpour-hossni Department of Cereal Research, Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Maragheh, Iran. Journal Article 2024 12 29 Stripe (yellow) rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. Tritici (Pst), is a globally devastating wheat disease and a critical yield-limiting factor in Iran, often resulting in severe production losses and necessitating costly chemical interventions. The deployment of host resistance remains the most economical and sustainable management strategy. This study aimed to identify different types of resistance to stripe rust among dryland wheat genotypes to support cultivar improvement programs. A collection of 233 dryland wheat genotypes (comprising 120 winter bread wheat, 64 spring bread wheat, and 49 durum wheat) was evaluated for adult plant resistance (APR) under field conditions at the Ardabil Agricultural Research Station, Iran. Parallel seedling resistance screenings against two prevalent Pst pathotypes (6E6A+, Yr27 and 142E158A+, Yr27) were conducted under controlled greenhouse conditions. The results revealed a spectrum of resistance responses. Forty-six genotypes (19.7%) exhibited all-stage resistance (ASR) at the seedling level against both pathotypes, suggesting the presence of known seedling resistance genes such as Yr3b, Yr4, Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, YrSP, YrCV, YrSD, or other unidentified genes. Fourteen genotypes were susceptible as seedlings to at least one pathotype but displayed a low relative area under the disease progress curve (rAUDPC) value (0-10) in the field, indicating effective APR. Another 10 genotypes, susceptible at the seedling stage, showed moderate rAUDPC values (11-30), characteristic of slow-rusting (SR) resistance. The remaining 163 genotypes were highly susceptible (high rAUDPC) in the field, regardless of their seedling response. The resistant genotypes identified in this study, particularly those with APR and SR characteristics, represent valuable genetic resources for breeding programs aimed at pyramiding multiple resistance genes to develop durable resistance and achieve long-term control of stripe rust in Iran.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_27606_f76adfc16cac13526a0d9d97e1401257.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 14 2 2025 06 01 Biological and life table parameters of the mealy almond aphid, Hyalopterus amygdali, on five commercial cultivars of almonds under laboratory conditions 175 186 27617 10.48311/jcp.2025.76213.0 EN Fatemeh Momeni Shahraki Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. Zarir Saeidi Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari, AREEO, Shahrekord, Iran. Majid Kazazi Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. Journal Article 2024 10 08 The mealy almond aphid, Hyalopterus amygdali (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is an important pest that causes severe damage to almond in Iran. This research studied the life table and population growth parameters of H. amygdali on five almond cultivars: ‘Mamaei’, ‘Rabie’, ‘Ferragnes’, ‘Shahrood 7’, and ‘Shahrood 21’. The experiment was conducted in an incubator at 25 ± 1 °C, 50 ± 5% RH, and a photoperiod of 14:10 hours (L:D). The data were analyzed using the Two-Sex MSChart program. Based on the results, the longest lifespan of the adult aphid was recorded on ‘Mamaei’ (4.11 days), while the shortest was on ‘Shahrood 21’cultivar (1.89 days). The net reproductive rate (R0) ranged from 6.42 for ‘Mamaei’ to 0.2 nymphs per individual in ‘Shahrood 21’. ‘Mamaei’ cultivar showed the highest values of the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and the finite rate of increase (λ) (0.245 and 1.278 day−1, respectively), along with the shortest duration of the immature stages (5.79 days). In contrast, ‘Shahrood 21’ showed the lowest values of rm and λ (-0.183 and 0.832 day−1, respectively) and the longest duration of the immature stages (7.72 days). Based on the findings, ‘Mamaei’ and ‘Shahrood 21’ cultivars were considered the most suitable and unsuitable hosts for the development and reproduction of H. amygdali, respectively.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_27617_f26d74c4cc9b8710dd090224f3831dc8.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 14 2 2025 06 01 Estimation of the adult Sunn Pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hem.: Scutelleridae) population in wheat fields using the sweeping method 187 193 27592 10.48311/jcp.2025.76258.0 EN Masood Amir-Maafi Amir-Maafi Sunn Pest Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran. Maryam Forouzan Plant Protection Research Department, Azarbaijan-Gharbi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO, Urmia, Iran. Shahla Bagheri Plant Protection Research Department, Kermanshah Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Kermanshah, Iran. Mirreza Jamshidi Plant Protection Research Department, Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Lorestan, Iran. Alireza Haghshenas Plant Protection Research Department, Isfahan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Esfahan, Iran. Homa Poorhoseini Sunn Pest Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran. Asieh Abolhassani Sunn Pest Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2025 03 03 In Iran, Sunn Pest Eurygaster integriceps is a major economic pest of wheat and barley. Current chemical control relies on targeting overwintering adults in wheat fields, requiring precise and efficient population assessments. While sweep-net sampling is commonly used, it lacks a strong theoretical basis. Therefore, this study was conducted to address this gap. Overwintered adults of the Sunn Pest population were sampled from wheat fields in five provinces by sweep net in early May 2005. The Menhinick model was developed to estimate overwintered adult Sunn Pest density from sweep-net catch. This method involved sweeping a known area multiple times between 9 AM and noon at half-hour intervals to establish a decreasing trend in numbers, which was then used to estimate the total population size through linear regression. This data also allowed estimating the number of sweep strokes required to cover 1 m². The number of strokes required to sample the overwintered adult Sunn Pest population density in one m² of wheat field ranged from 7.1 to 8.4, with a median of approximately eight sweeps, equivalent to one m².

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_27592_5f900ed1124063b2a8f23bbb62b05b7e.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 14 2 2025 06 01 First report of highly pathogenic Cladosporium cladosporioides isolates on durum wheat plant under controlled conditions in Algeria 195 207 27627 10.48311/jcp.2025.76193.0 EN Asma Gharzouli Department of Agronomic Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ferhat ABBAS University–Setif-1, Algeria. Amor Bencheikh Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ferhat ABBAS University–Setif-1, Algeria. Barkahoum Meriem Daichi Department of Agronomic Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ferhat ABBAS University–Setif-1, Algeria. Noureddine Rouag Department of Agronomic Sciences, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ferhat ABBAS University–Setif-1, Algeria. Journal Article 2024 08 14 Phytopathogens isolated from durum wheat grains collected across twenty-eight locations in northeastern Algeria revealed, for the first time, the presence of Cladosporium cladosporioides isolates in durum wheat seeds in Algeria. These isolates were identified through macroscopic and microscopic examinations, followed by molecular identification confirmation. Under controlled conditions, pathogenicity assessments were conducted on three durum wheat varieties, focusing on the effects on germination rate, coleoptile length, root length, and the basal parts of the wheat seedlings. The findings demonstrated that C. cladosporioides isolates induced a significant reduction in the germination inhibition rate to 100% and decreased root and shoot length by 35.44% and 45.41%, respectively. Moreover, they diminished root and shoot fresh weight by 85.56% and 47.18%, respectively.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_27627_f62cf378d3f7a52d41b8aa7f031454c8.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 14 2 2025 06 01 Influence of insecticide application timing on the field efficacy of chemical treatments against Agonoscena pistaciae (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) 209 215 27601 10.48311/jcp.2025.76292.0 EN Mehran Rezaei Department of Plant Protection and Production, Institute of Agriculture, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-5994-6939 Fatemeh Graily-Moradi Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Plant Protection, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Ali Mirhosseini Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran. Journal Article 2025 08 10 The pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt & Lauterer, is one of the most destructive pests of pistachio trees in Iran. This study evaluated the efficacy of five chemical compounds including abamectin (EC 1.8%), acetamiprid (SP 20%), hexaflumuron (EC 10%), hexaflumuron (EC 10%) + abamectin (EC 1.8%), and thiamethoxam (SC 24%) at concentrations of 0.6 ml/L, 0.25 g/L, 0.7 ml/L, 0.5 + 0.3 ml/L, and 0.4 ml/L, respectively. The insecticides were applied at two different timings: early control (second week of May) and late control (fourth week of June) in two pistachio orchards in Isfahan Province, Iran. Nymphal mortality was recorded one day before spraying and at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days post-treatment. In both application times, thiamethoxam and abamectin exhibited the highest and lowest insecticidal efficacy, respectively. The early control was more efficient than the late control in all treatments. Therefore, early application of thiamethoxam is recommended for optimal chemical control of pistachio psyllid.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_27601_efe943d887c07ce18a19e8df6f9a4a03.pdf