Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 5 3 2016 09 01 Effects of crowding and stress on locusts, aphids, armyworms and specifically the hemipteran Dysdercus fasciatus Sign. (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae) 313 329 1275 10.48311/jcp.2016.1275 EN Seyed Hossein Hodjat Department of Plant Protection, Jalal Afshar Zoological Museum, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. Journal Article Insect stress effects have been the subject of many reviews including heat, cold, and population stress. Production of winged aphids in unfavorable conditions or migrant phase of locust and armyworms, are reactions to crowding. Various crowding levels stress and treatment with low to high sub-lethal doses of insecticides at first had no effect but reduced Dysdercus fasciatus Sign. reproduction at higher levels. Stressors such as, crowding, toxins of sub-lethal doses of pesticides, host plant chemicals and environmental pollutants may produce comparable effects on insects.Stress may cause dispersion, migration, and insect pest outbreak.Locusts, aphids, armyworms and D. fasciatus react via plasticity to stressors including crowding stress by production of polymorphic phase. Neurohormones generally regulate the hormonal production of corpora alata, corpora cardiac and affect insect metabolism. This review relates the stress of crowding and insect phase to insect–plant relationships and the route to pest outbreak.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1275_bb04af0f7ecaee4aae62035497da1387.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 5 3 2016 09 01 Short and long term effects of some bio-insecticides on Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and its coexisting generalist predators in tomato fields 331 342 1276 10.48311/jcp.2016.1276 EN Leila Nazarpour Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Ahwaz, Iran. Fatemeh Yarahmadi Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Ahwaz, Iran. Moosa Saber Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Ali Rajabpour Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Ahwaz, Iran. Journal Article Tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is one of the most destructive pests of tomato in many parts of the world including Iran. Field studies were conducted to determine the short and long term effects of Bacillus thuringiensis var Kurstaki (Bt), azadirachtin (AZ), a mix of AZ + Bt, and indoxacarb, as a current chemical insecticide, on T. absoluta larvae. Also, effects of the insecticides were studied on the coexisting generalist predators, Coccinella septempunctata L., Chrysoperla carnea Stephens and Syritta sp. Sampling of T. absoluta and its coexisting generalist predators were performed 1 day before treatment (DBT) and one, 5, 8, 14 and 19 days after treatment (DAT). The results indicated significant short term effect of indoxacarb on the pest larvae. Indoxacarb reduced T. absoluta density and damages. Bt, AZ and mixture of them significantly suppressed the larval density at 19 DAT and caused significant reduction in leaf, stem and fruit damage. The highest long term effect on the pest abundance and damage were observed in Az + Bt caused 100% reduction in fruit and foliage damage compared to the control. The highest and lowest adverse effects on C. carnea, C. septempunctat and Serrita sp. were observed in indoxacarb and Bt treatments, respectively. Findings of this study imply that the mixture of Az + Bt has the highest selective toxicity on the pest and the lowest effect on its coexisting generalist predators.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1276_fb60d411a5c5b72b2e7d3527cfc84fd0.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 5 3 2016 09 01 Sufficient application of NPK fertilizers: A practical and efficient strategy in the management of Verticillium wilt of potato var. Agria 343 348 1277 10.48311/jcp.2016.1277 EN Akbar Hemmati Soil Science Research Department, Fars Research and Education Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, Eghlid Research Station, Iran. Bahram Mansoori Plant Protection Research Department, Fars Research and Education Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, Zarghan, Iran. Journal Article Field experiment was conducted in 2010 and 2011, in order to study the effects of NPK fertilizers on the incidence of Verticillium wilt of a commercial variety 'Agria' in deficient soil at Eghlid Agriculture Research Station in the north of Fars province, Iran. Experimental design was randomized complete blocks and each treatment replicated three times. Treatments were the amounts of recommended NPK rate (180N, 125P, 100K), 20% and 40 % less and more than the rate based on the soil tests. Soil at planting sites was inoculated with 5 ml of microsclerotia suspension (70 ms/ml). Tubers weight, plant height and disease scores were recorded. Two-year combined analysis indicated that there were significant differences at 1% level between the treatments. The results showed a marked decrease in Verticillium wilt incidence and increase in yield when NPK was used at the recommended rate. Lowest disease score and highest yield even more than the cultivar potential were obtained in the plots when N was used 40 % more than the recommended level of the soil test (252 N), combined with K at the level of the soil test (100 K). P was essential for plant growth but had no effect on the disease.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1277_d759175de8ea5b1d9a2660e45554894f.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 5 3 2016 09 01 Involvement of protective enzymes and phenols in decay (Penicillium expansum) resistance in apple 349 357 1278 10.48311/jcp.2016.1278 EN Tahmineh Naeem-Abadi Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran. Mansureh Keshavarzi Horticultural Research Institute, Karaj, Iran. Journal Article Blue mold disease caused by Penicillium expansum is a major post-harvest disease of apples. In this research, the biochemical basis of apple resistance to this pathogen was studied in two relatively resistant and susceptible cultivars, Granny smith and Mashhad, respectively. The activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes and polyphenol content were compared at different time intervals of 0 to 7 days. Based on the results, fruit polyphenol content of Granny smith was higher than that of Mashhad PPO, SOD and CAT activity was higher in Granny smith than Mashhad but CAT activity decreased three days post-treatment. No detectable difference was found in POX activities in the two cultivars. It is concluded that polyphenols contribute in apple resistance to blue mold. Activation of PPO and SOD, lack of POX activity and decrease of CAT activity, all together, could lead to a toxic environment around the blue mold fungus.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1278_ab1a4d0dd4d48a2ba1077c4494791306.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 5 3 2016 09 01 Biological control of Fusarium basal rot of onion using Trichoderma harzianum and Glomus mosseae 359 368 1279 10.48311/jcp.2016.1279 EN Bahareh Ghanbarzadeh Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Naser Safaie Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0001-6065-7010 Ebrahim Mohammadi Goltapeh Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Younes Rezaee Danesh Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Urmia, Urmia, Iran. Fatemeh Khelghatibana Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute, Karaj, Iran. Journal Article Fusarium proliferatum, as a toxigenic fungus, is one of the important agents of onion basal rot (FBR). Among the control methods of the disease, biological control is considered as one of the best options. In this study, Trichoderma harzianum strain T100 at the rate of 1 × 106 cfu/g was mixed with pot soil artificially infested with F. proliferatum. Also Glomus mosseae was applied to each pot at the rate of three grams of soil containing 80 chlamydospores/ml. Combination of T100 and G. mosseae was used as well. Onion seeds were disinfected & planted in pots, arranged in completely randomized design in 4 replicates under greenhouse condition and finally, the individual or combined effects of these bioagents were assessed on FBR control and also root colonization by Glomus 23, 30 and 36 days after sowing. Inoculation of Arbuscular mycorrhizae improved onion growth effectively, but its biocontrol effect was not considerable. Trichoderma amended soil decreased disease incidence by 25% but its usefulness as biocontrol agent was reduced in the course of time. AM root colonization was decreased in plants in presence of Trichoderma. Nevertheless, the disease control in combination of Trichoderma and Glomus treatment was better than the treatments by each one of the agents singly. The disease control achieved by fungicide seed treatment was inferior to that of Trichoderma and Glomus in combination.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1279_995665640dc319973d3173a74a03860c.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 5 3 2016 09 01 Effects of asafoetida, geranium and walnut leaves essential oils on nutritional indices and progeny reduction on Rhyzopertha dominica adults (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae) 369 375 1280 10.48311/jcp.2016.1280 EN Rahim Bahrami Department of plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz-Iran. Farhan Kocheili Department of plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz-Iran. Masumeh Ziaee Department of plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz-Iran. Journal Article In this study, the efficiency of essential oils from asafoetida, Ferula assa foetida L.,geranium, Pelargonium hortorum L.H. Bailey and walnut leaves, Juglans regia F. was investigated on nutritional indices of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) adults. Wheat grains were treated with different concentrations of the oils. The nutritional indices: relative growth rate (RGR), relative consumption rate (RCR), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and feeding deterrence index (FDI) were measured at 28 ± 2 °C, 65 ± 5% R. H. in continuous darkness. RGR, RCR and ECI deceased as the concentration level was increased. While, FDI percent increased significantly as the concentration level increased. Asafoetida oil had the most efficiency on nutritional indices and 28.61 ppm of the oil was enough to decrease RGR, RCR and ECI% to 0.032 mg/mg/day, 0.444 mg/mg/day and 6.994%, respectively. FDI percent of adults exposed to 6.5 ppm of asafoetida oil was 13.31% which increased upto 64.62% at the concentration of 28.61 ppm. In the second experiment, the effect of tested essential oils was evaluated on F1 progeny reduction of R. dominica. Walnut and asafoetida leaves essential oils significantly suppressed progeny production by (59.92%) and (53.2%) respectively.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1280_da11e8cd1811acb79ccf0fd62cd58f86.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 5 3 2016 09 01 Soilborne and invertebrate pathogenic Paecilomyces species show activity against pathogenic fungi and bacteria 377 387 1281 10.48311/jcp.2016.1281 EN Sima Mohammadi Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. Jalal Soltani Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. Khosro Piri Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. Journal Article The fungal genus Paecilomyces comprises numerous pathogenic and saprobic species, which are regularly isolated from insects, nematodes, soil, air, food, paper and many other materials. Some of the Paecilomyces species have been known to exhibit capabilities for curing human diseases. Here, bioactivities of metabolites from some soil inhabitant and invertebrate pathogenic Paecilomyces species were explored against a panel of target prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. First, Petri plate assays indicated that all tested Paecilomyces species were capable of producing diffusible metabolites and volatile compounds with antifungal activities against Pyricularia oryzae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Subsequently, the metabolites of the Paecilomyces species were extracted and the growth inhibitory and antimitotic effects of extra-cellular metabolites were shown using the yeast S. cerevisiae as a model. Further research indicated some antibacterial activity of extra-cellular metabolites from Paecilomyces species against human pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes (G+) and Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi (G-). These findings indicate that the Paecilomyces species, either saprobic or pathogenic, have a strong arsenal of bioactive metabolites which show inhibitory or cytotoxic effects against other microorganisms, with a potential for application in agroforestry and medicine.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1281_d94e18a8adb4cc0f623f7a83b1ac75b4.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 5 3 2016 09 01 Modeling of crop loss caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in three common wheat cultivars in southern Iran 389 395 1282 10.48311/jcp.2016.1282 EN Mohammad Reza Eslahi Plant Protection Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, AREEO, Ahvaz, Iran. Shideh Mojerlou Department of Horticulture and Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran. Journal Article Stripe rust cause by Pucciniastriiformis f. sp. tritici is one of the most important diseases of wheat and can cause severe yield loss in many wheat growing regions of the world including Iran. To determine yield loss caused by this disease and evaluate the effect of some chemical components on reduction of yield loss in south of Iran, field experiments were carried out in split plot design with three replications at Ahvaz research station during 2014-2015. Three cultivars; Chamran, Virinak and Boolani, were used and artificial inoculation was performed using an isolate which was collected from south of Iran and designated as Yr27 race variant. Meanwhile the effects of propiconazole and some herbicides on yield loss reduction were studied. In this study, grain yield and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) were measured. Statistical analysis showed that the level of the yield reduction was significantly different in the three studied cultivars and different treatments. Propiconazole could control the disease significantly. The highest yield loss was observed for cv. Boolani in both with (9%) and without (54%) fungicide treatments. Combined application of propiconazole and herbicides significantly reduced yield loss compared with using them separately. The results of crop loss modeling using integral and multiple point regression models showed that the integral model (L = 0.017AUDPC-17.831) could explain more than 69% of AUDPC variations in relation to crop loss in all cultivars. In multiple point models, disease severity at various dates was considered as independent variable and crop loss percentage as dependent variable. This model with the highest coefficient of determination had the best fitness for crop loss estimation. The results showed that the disease severity at GS39, GS45, GS50 and GS60 stages (Zadok's scale) were more important for crop loss prediction than those in other phenological stages.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1282_1cecc7a77928ca8133fa24680a88d2f9.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 5 3 2016 09 01 The impact of different physicochemical parameters of fermentation on extracellular cellulolytic enzyme production by Trichoderma harzianum 397 412 1283 10.48311/jcp.2016.1283 EN Samira Shahbazi Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Atomic Energy Organization of IRAN (AEOI), Karaj, Iran. Hamed Askari Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Atomic Energy Organization of IRAN (AEOI), Karaj, Iran. Shideh Mojerlou Department of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran. Journal Article This study was undertaken to ﬁnd out the optimum physicochemical parameters of fermentation, i.e. pH, incubation temperature and incubation time for the cellulase enzyme production of Trichoderma harzianum. The extracellular protein content was estimated by the dye binding method of Bradford. Endo-glucanase (EG), exoglucanase (or Cellobiohydrolase; CBH), β-glucosidase and total cellulase activity were investigated. The molecular weight of cellulase enzymes was studied using SDS-PAGE. To identify the predominant catalytic components in optimum conditions of enzyme production, cellulases were separated by an adapted two-dimensional electrophoresis technique. Estimated optimum conditions for cellulase enzyme were found as: pH 6.5, incubation temperature 28°C and incubation time 72 h. The SDS-PAGE profiles showed several enzyme bonds such as CBHs, EGs and BGLs. The T. harzianumhad both enzyme bonds of Cel7A (CBHI) and Cel7B (EG). Finally, the results of the 2D PAGE analysis showed that the profile of protein in optimium conditions of enzyme production had several enzymes such as CBHs, EGs and the high values of cellulose activity due to synergism that occurred between the CBH and EG.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1283_018b59ce1fd616d874afad0f44ba338d.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 5 3 2016 09 01 Two species of the genus Elachertus Spinola (Hym.: Eulophidae) new larval ectoparasitoids of Tuta absoluta (Meyreck) (Lep.: Gelechidae) 413 418 1284 10.48311/jcp.2016.1284 EN Fatemeh Yarahmadi Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. Zohreh Salehi Ramin Agriculture and Natural Resources University, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran. Hossein Lotfalizadeh East-Azarbaijan Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tabriz, Iran. Journal Article This is the first report of two ectoparasitoid wasps, Elachertus inunctus (Nees, 1834) in Iran and Elachertus pulcher (Erdös, 1961) (Hym.: Eulophidae) in the world, that parasitize larvae of the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lep.: Gelechiidae). The specimens were collected from tomato fields and greenhouses in Ahwaz, Khouzestan province (south west of Iran). Both species are new records for fauna of Iran. The knowledge about these parasitoids is still scanty. The potential of these parasitoids for biological control of T. absoluta in tomato fields and greenhouses should be investigated.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1284_242c100dc94f871b6d7215b868a875f8.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 5 3 2016 09 01 The olfactory response of Phytoseiulus persimilis on Tetranychus urticae infested bean and cucumber leaves 419 430 1285 10.48311/jcp.2016.1285 EN Helen Mohammadi Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. Alireza Saboori Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. Azadeh Zahedi Golpayegani Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. Journal Article While searching for food, predators use herbivore induced plant volatiles (HIPV), host plant volatiles and those related to con/heterospecifics to find their prey. Not only the volatile components vary among plant species, but also the predator perception of these components might differ among species and samples. Here, we compared the olfactory response of two samples (Turkey and University of Tehran) of Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) when received herbivore induced plant volatiles (HIPV) from Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) infested cucumber and bean leaves, along with testing the effect of rearing experience of Turkey sample on its olfactory response in our laboratory conditions. Our data showed that P. persimilis of both samples significantly moved towards leaf odors (either cucumber or bean) when they received clean air from the alternative arm. For both samples, the predator did not make a preference between clean bean and cucumber leaves. When the predators were offered a choice between T. urticae infested bean and cucumber leaves, they significantly moved towards bean leaves in both samples. Rearing experience did not affect the predator choice of host plant species and P. persimilis from both samples preferred odors related to clean leaves rather than clean air. The number of experienced predatory mites moved towards T. urticae infested bean leaves was significantly higher than that preferred T. urticae infested cucumber leaves in both samples. We discussed whether their similar olfactory responses would be related to their experience of previous rearing conditions.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1285_944bdd9636749a0801c39b6e449dbedc.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 5 3 2016 09 01 Demographic traits of Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) fed on Sitobion avenae Fabricius (Hemiptera: Aphididae) 431 445 1286 10.48311/jcp.2016.1286 EN Mostafa Ghafouri Moghaddam Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Ali Golizadeh Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Mehdi Hassanpour Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Hooshang Rafiee-Dastjerdi Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Jabraeil Razmjou Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Journal Article Lady beetles are the most important predatory species among arthropods, so studying their population parameters gives a clear picture about their life span. The life histories of variegated lady beetle, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze), fed on the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae Fabricius, on different host plants were studied under laboratory conditions, at 25 ± 1 °C, 65 ± 5% Relative Humidity and a photoperiod of 16:8 (Light: Dark) h. Developmental, survival and fecundity data were analyzed using the age-stage, two-sex life table method. According to the age-stage, two-sex life table, the net reproductive rates (R0) of ladybird fed on S. avenae reared on Triticum aestivum var. tajan, Hordeum vulgare var. Dasht, Zea mays var. single cross 704 and Sorghum durra var. Speed feed were estimated to be 235.38 ± 36.15, 190.74 ± 33.37, 293.54 ± 46.66 and 137.46 ± 23.66 female offspring / female, respectively. Based on the results, the intrinsic rate of increase as an index of population increase of H. variegata, was 0.181 ± 0.006, 0.179 ± 0.006, 0.163 ± 0.006 and 0.162 ± 0.006 h-1 preyed on host reared on T. aestivum var. tajan Z. mays var. single cross 704 S. durra var. Speed feed and H. vulgare var. Dasht, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that by using the age-stage, two-sex life table we can accurately describe the growth, survival and development of the predator. Our finding may provide basic information for developing aphid biological control programs.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1286_c0a271bc0ecb776a094786474322cb82.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 5 3 2016 09 01 Larvicidal and antifeedant activity of some indigenous plants of Meghalaya against 4th instar Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) larvae 447 460 1287 10.48311/jcp.2016.1287 EN Dibyendu Paul Department of Environmental Studies, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong- 793022. Meghalaya, India. Moumita Choudhury Department of Environmental Studies, North Eastern Hill University, Shillong- 793022. Meghalaya, India. Journal Article In the present study, seven indigenous, widely distributed plants of Meghalaya, namely, Pinus kesiya Royle (Pinaceae), Lantana camara Linn. (Verbenaceae), Litsea cubeba Lour. (Lauraceae), Gaultheria fragrantissima Wall. (Ericaceae), Mikania micrantha Kunth.(Asteraceae), Ambrosia artemisiifolia Linn.(Asteraceae) and Eupatorium riparium Regel (Asteraceae) were screened for their larvicidal and antifeedant activity against fourth instar larvae of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) under laboratory conditions. The crude extracts of all the seven plants demonstrated a dose dependent increase in bioactivity. However the bioactivity of four plants namely, L. camara, G. fragrantissima, L. cubeba and P. kesiya was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) than the negative (solvent) control and extracts of A. artemisiifolia, E. riparium and M. micarantha. Methanol extract of L. camara caused highest oral toxicity with larval mortality ranging between 27.77% and 53.33% across the test concentration (0.25%, 0.5% and 1% w/v) while extract of G. fragrantissima demonstrated the highest feeding deterrence with reduction in larval feeding by50.92% and 70.61% at 0.1% and 0.5% respectively. Crude extract of L. cubeba leaves demonstrated high oral toxicity and feeding deterrence while extract of the needles of P. kesiya showed moderate level of oral toxicity as well as feeding deterrence at the highest tested concentration. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts of these four plants, revealed the presence of five different classes of phytocompounds each of which is known to have deleterious effect on insect pests.Thus it may be concluded that four out of the seven plants possess insecticidal property and can be further investigated for the development of a potent botanical insecticide.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1287_4079016d940210b4ae9ae7d41c4a2065.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 5 3 2016 09 01 Inhibition of Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) gut proteases with Ipomoea batatas inhibitors 461 472 1288 10.48311/jcp.2016.1288 EN Balaji Panchal Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra 431004, India. Manvendra Kachole Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra 431004, India. Journal Article Chilo partellus is a devastating sorghumand maize pest that exists worldwide. C. partellus gut proteases (CPGPs) were isolated, purified and characterized. We analyzed potential trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors (TIs) from tuber plants to identify the protease inhibitors (PIs) of CPGPs. PIs from Ipomoea batatas completely inhibited protease activity and growth and led to reduced C. partellus insect larvae weights. One PI was purified from I. batatas tubers and identified as a potent antagonist of CPGPs. In conclusion, we identified Ipomoea batatas inhibitors with significant potential applications in developing resistant transgenic sorghum and maize crops.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1288_0e9fa1f3e9e66792401a6972d477dcc3.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 5 3 2016 09 01 Response of tomato cultivars to agroinfection with Beet curly top Iran virus 473 482 1289 10.48311/jcp.2016.1289 EN Farnaz Khoshnazar Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. Omid Eini Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. Journal Article Beet curly top Iran virus (BCTIV) is a member of the genus Becurtovirus (family Geminiviridae) which constrain host crop production in various geographical regions in Iran. This virus infects several crops such as sugar beet Beta vulgaris and tomato Solanum lycopersicum. BCTIV infected tomato shows leaf curling, leaf distortion and stunting. In this study, we investigated the response of various tomato cultivars to BCTIV infection using an infectious clone of BCTIV under glasshouse condition at the University of Zanjan in 2013-2014. Based on a completely randomized design experiment twelve tomato cultivars were tested for their reaction to BCTIV infection. The replication of virus and symptom production was recorded and analyzed. Based on the obtained coefficient of infection and disease severity index, none of the tested cultivars was found resistance to the virus infection. However, one of the tested cultivars, Super Chief, showed no leaf curling symptom and the virus replicated at a significantly lower level in this cultivar as compared to a susceptible cultivar, Alindi 811, using quantitative PCR. Tomato cultivars including Grosse Lisse and Early Eurbana were grouped as susceptible while the other cultivars including Super Star were moderately susceptible to the virus infection. Therefore, growing this cultivar shows promise for an increase of yields from tomato plants prone to BCTIV infection after complementary field experiments. The screening of more cultivars or wild-type tomatoes for the identification of gene/s providing resistance to this viral disease is suggested.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1289_0829424ffa0d3a2547b6c9622c77de03.pdf