Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 4 5 2015 12 01 Three years analysis of Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) flight activity in a quarantined area 605 615 1242 10.48311/jcp.2015.1242 EN Walter Sione Autonomous University of Entre Ríos, Regional Center for Geomatics, Matteri y España s/n, Diamante, Entre Ríos, Argentina. Journal Article Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is an important vineyard-pest in the European and Mediterranean areas and it was recently described in Argentina and Chile. Since knowledge on the L. botrana phenology on Argentina is still limited, the objective of this study was to develop a phenological model to predict voltinism of L. botrana in Argentina through a regional approach.Voltinism of L. botrana males was simulated based on occurrence of four non-overlapping flights. Nonlinear regression models were constructed using the weekly average trap catches from the agricultural seasons 2011-2012 to 2013-2014 and amount of degree-days accumulation. Weibull equation showed, on average for the four annual flights, the best estimate of the observed variability in the percentage of adult catches in relation to degree-day accumulation. It can be expected that 50% of male adult emergence for the first flight occurs at 443.9 DD; in the second flight at 1211.7 DD; while in the third and the fourth flights, the accumulation of degree days reaches values of 2077.8 DD and 2905 DD, respectively. The regional approach adopted in this work could explainthe variation found in field data and has a reasonable predictive and explicative capability as a component in the ongoing prospective analysis of the activity of L. botrana in Argentina.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1242_2de5d16682c3c35007e4e92982f1a2ba.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 4 5 2015 12 01 Biomass production and formulation of biocontrol yeast Candida membranifaciens 617 625 1243 10.48311/jcp.2015.1243 EN Lachin Mokhtarnejad Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Hasan Reza Etebarian Department of Plant Protection, College of Abureihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Pejman Sheykhpour Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Mohsen Farzaneh Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Reza Khoshayand Department of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article In this study, the effect of carbon and nitrogen sources, on production of yeast biomass was determined as well as the efficacy of various formulations of Candida membranifaciens to decrease blue mold on apple. The media containing sugar cane molasses as carbon sources caused more yeast growth than the media supplemented with permeate powder. Yeast extract as nitrogen source produced higher biomass than urea and Corn steep liquor (CSL). The best growth was obtained in medium that composed of sugar cane molasses, yeast extract and CSL. Viability of C. membranifaciens differed in various carriers significantly (p < 0.01). The number of viable cells in Kaolin and Talc-based formulations was gradually reduced whereas the viability in wheat bran based formulations increased in 4 months and then gradually declined. In general, the formulations stored at 4 °C had longer shelf life than those stored at 24 °C. The antagonistic efficacy of prepared formulations of C. membranifaciens was evaluated against Penicillium expansum on apple at storage conditions. There were no significant differences among Talc-based, Kaolin-based and Wheat bran-based formulations of C. membranifaciens in reduction of blue mold.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1243_e1d5be1c7f2f456670de3d53c7b54f4a.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 4 5 2015 12 01 Susceptibility of western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) to some synthetic and botanical insecticides under laboratory conditions 627 632 1244 10.48311/jcp.2015.1244 EN Zahra Gholami Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran. Amin Sadeghi Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran. Aziz Sheikhi Garjan Department of Agricultural Entomology Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran. Javad Nazemi Rafi Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran. Fatemeh Gholami Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Journal Article This study was conducted to investigate commercial formulations of insecticides against western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande).The insects were collected from commercial greenhouses of cucumber in Varamin, Iran. The tested insecticides were diazinon (EC 60%), cypermethrin (EC 40%), fipronil (EC 2.5%), imidacloprid (SC 35%) and a botanical insecticide oxymatrine (Kingbo, AS 0.6%). Fipronil had the highest efficacy among all tested insecticides (LC50 = 17.97 ppm). However, imidacloprid had the lowest efficacy (LC50 = 2303 ppm). The oxymatrine was effective (LC50 = 69.94 ppm) after fipronil.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1244_2c89109d42178de8a367c0228f169bf8.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 4 5 2015 12 01 The effect of physical mutation on the life history parameters and ovipositional preference of the Plutella xylostella 633 642 1245 10.48311/jcp.2015.1245 EN Mojdeh Akandeh Department of Entomology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Islamic Republic of Iran. Farhan Kocheili Department of Entomology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Islamic Republic of Iran. Mahmoud Soufbaf Agricultural, Medical and Industrial Research School, Karaj, Iran. Arash Rasekh Department of Entomology, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal Article Reproductive parameters and ovipositional preference of Plutella xylostella were assessed on some mutant genotypes of canola (RGS 8-1, RGS 10-2, RGS 8-13, Zar 9-9 and Talaye 8-3) and their cultivars (RGS, Zar, Talaye) under greenhouse condition (21 ± 6 °C, 65 ± 10 RH and a photoperiod of 16L: 8D h). Comparison of the reproductive parameters on RGS and its mutant genotypes revealed that mutant genotype RGS 8-1 was the most susceptible genotype to the pest, having maximum values of gross reproductive rate (182.7 female eggs/ female), net fecundity rate (248.2 eggs/ female) and mean number of fertile eggs (8.98 fertile eggs/female/day). The last parameter was the lowest on RGS 8-13 (3.05 fertile eggs/ female/day). In no-choice condition, the experiment of ovipositional preference indicated no significant difference among mean number of deposited eggs on the three cultivars compared with their mutant genotypes after 24 h. While, in choice test, mutant genotype, RGS 10-2 (151.67 eggs) was preferred over RGS and the two other mutant genotypes. This study revealed that effect of physical mutation on resistance of canola to P. xylostella may vary depending on canola cultivar and different mutant genotypes of the same cultivar. This point should be considered by plant breeders when releasing these mutant plants with appropriate cultural traits for utilizing by farmers.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1245_5eac43aceba42c8757b54003a58277b5.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 4 5 2015 12 01 A contribution to the knowledge of the Ichneumonidae (Hym.: Ichneumonoidea) from Neyriz county of Fars province, Iran 643 654 1246 10.48311/jcp.2015.1246 EN Tahere Sarafi Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran. Hossein Barahoei Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran. Seyed Massoud Madjdzadeh Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran. Majid Askari Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran. Journal Article A survey was performed to investigate the fauna of Ichneumonidae in Fars province during 2012 to 2013. Totally, 14 species belonging to 13 genera and six subfamilies were collected and identified including: Exetastes adpressorius (Thunberg, 1822) (Banchinae); Diadegma semiclausum (Hellén, 1949) (Campopleginae); Cryptus inculcator (Linnaeus, 1758); Dichrogaster saharator (Aubert, 1964) (Cryptinae); Diplazon laetatorius (Fabricius, 1781); Enizemum ornatum (Gravenhorst, 1829); Homotropus nigritarsus (Gravenhorst, 1829); Homotropus signatus (Gravenhorst, 1829) (Diplazontinae); Colpognathus celerator (Gravenhorst, 1807); Diadromus collaris (Gravenhorst, 1829); Ichneumon sarcitorius Linnaeus, 1758; Virgichneumon callicerus (Gravenhorst, 1820) (Ichneumoninae); Orthocentrus asper (Gravenhorst, 1829); Picrostigeus setiger (Brischke, 1871) (Orthocentrinae), of which Exetastes adpressorius and Picrostigeus setiger are newly recorded for the fauna of Iran. In addition the male of the latter species is recorded for the first time and described. All species except Dichrogaster saharator are new for Fars province.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1246_905056c1ac1dad141560467e0a99e1cf.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 4 5 2015 12 01 Efficacy of Clerodendrum capitatum and Phyllantus fraternus leaf powders on seed beetles of stored maize and cowpea 655 665 1247 10.48311/jcp.2015.1247 EN Jacobs Adesina Mobolade Department of Pest Management Technology, Rufus Giwa Polytechnic, P. M. B. 1019, Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria. Ngaihlun Tonsing Animal Resources Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, Takyelpat, Imphal-795001, Manipur, India. Yallappa Rajashekar Animal Resources Programme, Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India, Takyelpat, Imphal-795001, Manipur, India. Journal Article The effects of Clerodendrum capitatum (Willd.) and Phyllanthus fraternus (Webster) powders were evaluatedin reducing Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) and Sitophilus zeamais (L.) adult emergence and cowpea and maize seed damage under laboratory conditions. The dried and powdered plant leaves were tested against the virgin weevils by exposing ten unsexed adults to concentration levels of 0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/kg of seeds in three replications. Results obtained showed that the plant powders did not cause significant adult mortality of either of the insects but, significant reductions were recorded in terms of weight loss, seed damage, adult emergence and number of exit holes in maize. The plant powders showed great potentials for use as plant derived insecticides for controlling C. maculatus and S. zeamais in stored seeds.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1247_e6d8545daa42d5ced125a4bf747b3688.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 4 5 2015 12 01 The effects of Arthrobotrys oligospora and Arthrobotrys conoides culture filtrates on second stage juvenile mortality and egg hatching of Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica 667 674 1248 10.48311/jcp.2015.1248 EN Seyedeh Lavin Nourani Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Ebrahim Mohammadi- Goltapeh Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Naser Safaie Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0001-6065-7010 Mokhtar Jalali Javaran Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Ebrahim Pourjam Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Masoud Shams- Bakhsh Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Farahnaz Jahanshahi Afshar Nematology Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection. Journal Article Culture filtrates (CF) of two species of the nematophagous fungi, Arthrobotrys oligospora and Arthrobotrys conoidesat three concentrations (25%, 50% and 100%) of stock, were tested on the mortality of second stage juveniles (J2) and egg hatching rate of Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica. Results showed that the percent juvenile mortality was directly proportional to concentration of the filtrates. Egg hatching rate of these nematodes was inversely affected by increasing concentrations. Also CFs had various impacts on the mortality of J2 and egg hatching rate. In case of M. incognita maximum J2 mortality (28.98%) occurred after 24 hours of exposure to A. conoides filtrate at concentration of 100%. The minimum toxicity (12.5% J2 mortality) was recorded for A. oligospora at 25% filtrate concentration. At the same time, the highest rate of J2 mortality of M. javanica (19.18%) belonged to the 100% concentration of A. conoides, while minimum toxicity belonged to 25% concentration of A. oligospora causing 9.09% mortality. Maximum egg hatching rate for M. incognita (30.75%) belonged to control and minimum hatching rate (1.25%) belonged to 100% concentration of A. conoides. The highest hatching rate of M. javanica (36.25%)belonged to control and minimum hatching rate (1.25%) occurred at 100% concentration of A. conoides.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1248_39e4973ba3321b80f37d9b55f63ed8b8.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 4 5 2015 12 01 Expression analyses of some Beauveria bassiana genes in response to cuticles of four different insects 675 690 1249 10.48311/jcp.2015.1249 EN Masoumeh Kordi Biotechnology Research Department, Shahrood University, Shahrood, Iran. Naser Farrokhi Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Energy Engineering and New Technologies, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran. Abolfazl Masoudi Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University, Sahrood, Iran. Ali Derakhshan Shadmehri Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University, Sahrood, Iran. Shahrokh Gharanjik Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University, Sahrood, Iran. Journal Article Beauveria spp. as entomopathogenic fungi have extremely diverse insect host ranges.Here, a comparative transcript analysis of a Bassiasin I (BSNI), a Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP), a Cytochrom P450 monooxygenase (CYP52), a Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), and a Neuronal calcium sensor 1 (NCS) in two isolates of Beauveria bassiana., with low and high virulence, were carried out. For this, induction media, containing isolated cuticles from four insects, and a check medium lacking any cuticular extract were prepared and isolates were allowed to grow on them. Interestingly, up-regulation of BSNI and DPP in induction media was noted in comparison to the check, following normalization with γ-ACTIN. CYP52 was up-regulated in synthetic medium in comparison to cuticular extract. MAPK expression was greater in most virulent isolate once compared with the low virulent isolate. The expression of MAPK was greater in the presence of Caliptamus italicus cuticles and synthetic medium as opposed to others. NCS expression remained on changed in all media tested and can be suggested as a reference gene in transcriptomics of Beauveria spp. genes in future.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1249_2ba8698b79439589fdd2b0f7218d8b07.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 4 5 2015 12 01 Effect of bio-fertilizer on growth, development and nutrient content (leaf and soil) of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni 691 704 1250 10.48311/jcp.2015.1250 EN Raziye Zare Hoseini Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Ebrahim Mohammadi Department of Plant Patlology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O.Box: 14115-336, Tehran, Iran Sepideh Kalatejari Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bio-fertilizers on growth and development of plants in pots containing (V) vermicompost and (M) cow manure: (soil amendments) and (S) garden soil separately and in combination. In the first experiment, treatments included S (control), SM (soil + 15%M + 0%V), SMV10 (soil + 15%M + 10%V), and SMV20 (soil + 15%M + 20%V) by dry weight (w/w). In the second experiment, mycorrhizae (Glomus mosseae and Piriformospora indica) were also added to the treatments. Plants and soils were evaluated 90 days after inoculation with fungi. At maturity, plant height and stem diameter, leaf area index (LAI), chlorophylls (a + b) content, root length, fresh and dry weights (aerial parts and root), and mineral nutrient content in plant leaves were measured. The obtained results indicated significant differences between treatments. Among all the treatments, interaction of soil amendments and fungus was significant for all traits. Almost the maximum amount of morphological traits was found in the combined applications of soil amendments and fungi. In particular, the highest weights were obtained in the SMV20 treatment inoculated with G. mosseae. Nutrient analysis of leaves, revealed maximum amounts of N, P and K in SMV10 and SMV20 treatments, and the highest amount of Ca and Mg was obtained in plants treated with SM and inoculated with P. indica in comparison to control plants. Also, the highest amount of phosphorous in the soil was obtained when SMV20 treatment was inoculated with P. indica. It seems that the combination of biofertilizers is the best result for the stevia plant growth..

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1250_81e5f81db77c596492e6f1a5a792ed53.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 4 5 2015 12 01 Reaction of different Cucurbita species to Phytophthora capsici, P. melonis and P. drechsleri under greenhouse conditions 705 709 1251 10.48311/jcp.2015.1251 EN Zahra Nnemati Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. Ziaeddin Banihashemi Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. Journal Article The reaction of nineteen different cultivars of Cucurbita spp. including Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbita maxima and Lagenaria siceraria to Phytophthora capsici, Phytophthora melonis and Phytophthora drechsleri was studied under greenhouse conditions. Plants were grown in steam sterilized soil. One-month-old plants were inoculated with vermiculate hempseed extract inocula of Phytophthora and were flooded for 24 hours. The activity of the pathogens was monitored during the experiment by using citrus leaf discs. Seedling mortality was monitored two months after inoculation. None of the species were infected with P. drechsleri or P. melonis. Cucurbita maxima cultivars Hamedan and ACE South Korea, C. pepo cultivar Shabestar and Lagenaria siceraria were not infected with P. capcisi. The possibility of using these cultivars as root stocks for grafting against Phytophthora species is discussed.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1251_838e8afb1ca34354ac209f53d90c3a43.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 4 5 2015 12 01 Effects of three Quercus species on feeding performance of the green oak leaf roller, Tortrix viridana L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) 711 718 1252 10.48311/jcp.2015.1252 EN Hedi Yazdanfar Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Mehrdad Ghodskhah Daryaei Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Jalal Jalali Sendi Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Hamed Ghobari Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Kurdistan, Iran. Journal Article Feeding performance of the green oak leaf roller, Tortrix viridana (Linnaeus) was determined on three host plants including Quercus libani Oliv, Quercus infectoria Oliv, and Quercus branti Lindl, under laboratory conditions. Mean total leaf weight consumed by larvae was the highest on Q. branti (0.31 g) and the lowest on Q. libani (0.14 g).The feeding index was the highest on Q. libani while the other two host plants were not significantly different. Significant relationships were found between amount of consumed leaf tissues and resulting pupal weight, on all host plants. Larval and pupal mortality were not significantly different on host plants. Findings indicated that the feeding index could be a key factor to assess performance of T. viridana on Quercus species.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1252_a284df1155ec3e67286080500df36a9a.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 4 5 2015 12 01 First record of Alternaria macrospora MKP1 causing leaf spot disease on Parthenium hysterophorus from India 719 726 1253 10.48311/jcp.2015.1253 EN Manpreet Kaur Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, India. Neeraj Kumar Aggarwal Department of Microbiology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra 136119, India. Journal Article In the years 2012-14 a series of extensive surveys for natural enemies of parthenium were conducted in Haryana. During survey, a leaf spot disease has been regularly reported on congress grass at different parts of the Kurukshetra and its adjoining areas.The fungal pathogen was isolated from the affected parts of parthenium leaves and on the basis of cultural, morphological and molecular characteristics, was identified as Alternaria macrospora MKP1. Koch’s postulate was performed and found satisfactory for the isolate and proved to be pathogenic to this weed. The growth of A. macrospora MKP1 was studied on eight different media and it exhibited varying degrees of growth on different media. The literature survey indicates that A. macrospora has never been reported on the parthenium weed and it is the first report of occurrence of this pathogen causing leaf spot disease on parthenium weed from the world.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1253_b495ce63ede0f4efc9eec62cb947c162.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 4 5 2015 12 01 Temperature-dependent life table parameters of Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) 727 738 1254 10.48311/jcp.2015.1254 EN Hossein Ranjbar Aghdam Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran. Arezoo Yousefi Porshokouh Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran. Ladan Sedighi Department of Agricultural Entomology, Science, and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article The effect of temperature on demographic parameters of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.) was studied at 23, 25, 27, and 30 °C, 50 ± 10% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L: D) h. The life table parameters were estimated according to the age-stage, two-sex life table procedure. In addition, the bootstrap technique was employed for estimating the means, variances, and standard errors of the population parameters at all studied temperatures. All estimated parameters were affected considerably by temperature. Among examined temperatures, the highest values of net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and finite rate of increase (λ) were 223.04 egg, 0.096 day-1, and 1.101day-1, respectively at 27 °C. The lowest mean generation time was 50.31 day at 30 °C. Moreover, the highest reproductive value was observed at 27 °C. According to the results, temperature can affect all life table parameters of G. mellonella, and according to our investigation, 27 °C is the best temperature for its mass rearing in laboratory condition among the evaluated temperatures.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1254_884ce4bb65d328ecb03c598409e2b168.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 4 5 2015 12 01 Production of polyclonal antiserum against beet western yellows virus coat protein expressed in Escherichia coli 739 746 1255 10.48311/jcp.2015.1255 EN Arezu Lotfi Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Masoud Shams-Bakhsh Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. 0000-0002-4336-7705 Bagher Yakhchali National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article Serological methods are commonly used methods for detection of viruses. Preparation of pure viral antigens is a crucial step in production of antibodies required for serological studies. In this research the gene encoding coat protein of a Beet western yellows virus (BWYV) isolate from Iran was amplified by PCR and was ligated into a bacterial expression vector (pET26b) to obtain pET-BWYV-CP clone. Escherichia coli BL21 was transformed with pET-BWYV-CP and expression of the recombinant coat protein was induced by IPTG. The expressed recombinant coat proteins were purified and used as an antigen for rabbit immunization. The antiserum was able to detect recombinant coat protein in total protein extracts of induced E. coli BL21 cells in western blot analysis.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1255_3bf55bbad370a8fcad1d09b005e278c2.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 4 5 2015 12 01 Spatial mapping of the common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae: A case study in the Rafsanjan region, Iran 747 756 1256 10.48311/jcp.2015.1256 EN Elham Mohammadi Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran. Mohammad Rohani Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran. Isa Esfandiarpour Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran. Hamzeh Izadi Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran. Journal Article The common pistachio psylla Agonoscena pistaciae is a key pest of pistachio in Iran. A study was conducted to determine the spatial distribution ofpsyllanymphs and eggs in a 10 ha pistachio orchard in the Rafsanjan region, southeast of Iran. Three rows, each containing 33 trees (totally 99 trees), were randomly selected in the orchard based on a stratified sampling scheme. In each of the selected trees, three positions in the crown (top, middle and bottom) were considered. One leaf from each position as sampling unit (totally 297 samples) was clipped and number of nymphs and eggs were counted. Ordinary kriged maps were achieved for nymphs and eggs of the three positions using a variogram function. Results indicated the highest and lowest density of the nymphs occurred on the top and bottom positions of the crown, respectively. Eggs of the common pistachio psylla were laid mostly on the bottom of the pistachio crown.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1256_e3251075554389fe91d17a794861d47b.pdf