Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 3 5 2014 12 01 Characterization of phytoplasmas associated with tomato big bud disease, using single-tube nested PCR 573 580 1166 10.48311/jcp.2014.1166 EN Cobra Moslemkhani Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute, Karaj, Karaj, Iran. Vahideh Razavi Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute, Karaj, Karaj, Iran. Leila Sadeghi Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute, Karaj, Karaj, Iran. Samad Mobasser Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute, Karaj, Karaj, Iran. Fatemeh Khelgati Bana Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute, Karaj, Karaj, Iran. Raheleh Shahbazi Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute, Karaj, Karaj, Iran. Journal Article Tomato is an important vegetable crop in Iran. Recently symptoms associated with phytoplasma disease were observed in tomato cultivars in Karaj vicinity. The phytoplasmas were detected and characterized using single-tube nested PCR and RFLP. The universal primer pairs amplified the target DNA with expected sizes from symptomatic samples in direct PCR and single-tube nested PCR. The patterns of RFLP analysis obtained from plants with symptoms of yellowing and showing a bushy aspect corresponded to the profile of tomato big bud phytoplasma–subgroup 16SrI, and those detected from plants with symptoms of shoot proliferation and swollen and virescent buds belonged to tomato big bud phytoplasma–subgroup 16SrVI. Mobeen was the most susceptible cultivar with 23% natural infection, and Alex, Raha, Sadeen 21, and Sadeen 95 cultivars showed no symptoms of disease. Lack of symptoms in the latter cultivars might be due to inefficient transmission of phytoplasma by vectors or their resistance or tolerance to disease.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1166_0f2c9a93eea6f38fabb3acb1c31488c6.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 3 5 2014 12 01 Preimaginal development and fecundity of Gaeolaelaps aculeifer (Acari: Laelapidae) feeding on Rhizoglyphus echinopus (Acari: Acaridae) at constant temperatures 581 587 1167 10.48311/jcp.2014.1167 EN Mohammad Reza Amin Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. Mohammad Khanjani Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. Babak Zahiri Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. Journal Article The laelapid mite, Gaeolaelapsaculeifer (Canestrini) is widespread in soil habitats and feeds on different small arthropods, fungi and nematodes. The development and fecundity of G. aculeifer feeding on Rhizoglyphus echinopus (Fumouze & Robin) as prey was studied at eight different constant temperatures which include: 16, 17.5, 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5, 30 and 32.5 ºC, with relative humidity of 60 ± 5%, and a 16:8 h (Light: Dark) photoperiod. The results showed that the development time of immature stages were 30.80 ± 0.68, 30.57 ± 0.42 days at 16 °C; 8.66 ± 0.09, 8.20 ± 0.18 days at 30 °C and 9.86 ± 0.19, 9.77 ± 0.22 days at 32.5 °C for females and males, respectively. The pre-oviposition period considerably varied from 7.60 ± 3.02 days at 16 °C to 0.81 ± 0.09 days at 30 °C and then increased to 2.07 ± 0.25 days at 32.5 °C. The oviposition period decreased with increasing temperature from 36.93 ± 2.66 days at 20 °C to 17.67 ± 1.90days at 32.5 °C. The average life span of females was 102.40 ± 8.08 days at 16 °C and 37.21 ± 1.98 days at 32.5 °C. The mean daily oviposition per female increased from 0.49 ± 0.14 at 16 °C to 3.76 ± 0.13 at 30 °C and decreased to 1.88 ± 0.15 at 32.5 °C.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1167_9da187a7a191431db943a9a5a6fec6f4.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 3 5 2014 12 01 The effects of topical application of two essential oils against Sitophilus granarius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) 589 595 1168 10.48311/jcp.2014.1168 EN Masumeh Ziaee Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran. P. O. Box: 61357-43311. Journal Article Bioassays were conducted to assess the contact toxicity of two plant essential oils against adults of Sitophilus granarius (L.) and Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val. Essential oils were extracted from seeds of Carum copticum L. and Cuminum cyminum L. Contact toxicity was assessed by topical application and adult mortality was counted 1, 2, 6 and 24 h after exposure. Bioassays were carried out at 27 ± 1 °Cand 65 ± 5% RH in continuous darkness. Results indicated the two essential oils tested were topically toxic to both species. The mortality increased with increase in the oils dose and time exposed to each dose. Adults of S. granarius were more sensitive to C. copticum oil (LD50 = 0.009 µg/mg body wt) than C. cyminum essential oil (LD50 = 0.016 µg/mg body wt). In general, T. confusum showed similar sensitivity to both essential oils. However, adults of T. confusum were more resistant than S. granarius. C. copticum and C. cyminum oils have potential for use in stored-product pest management.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1168_2f29b6e3abc6ebdefb55456ea6ca5dc8.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 3 5 2014 12 01 Functional response of Anthocoris nemoralis (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) to the pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Hemiptera: Psyllidae): effect of pear varieties 597 609 1169 10.48311/jcp.2014.1169 EN Mohammad Saeed Emami Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran. Parviz Shishehbor Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz, Iran. Javad Karimzadeh Esfahani Isfahan Research Centre for Agriculture and Natural Resources, Isfahan, Iran. Journal Article Anthocoris nemoralis (F.) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) is one of the most prominent predators of the pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Forster) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) and is considered as a biological control agent against this pest. In order to investigate the effects of plant varieties on predation of C. pyricola by A. nemoralis, the functional response of both the sexes of A. nemoralis to pear psylla nymphs was studied on three pear varieties including ‘Shahmiveh’, as a susceptible host plant and ‘Sebri’ and ‘Coscia’, as partially-resistant host plants. Different densities of C. pyricola nymphs were offered to single A. nemoralis and predation proceeded for 24 h. The experiments were carried out under constant environmental conditions (27 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 5% RH and L: D 16: 8 h). Logistic regression and nonlinear least-squares regression were used to determine the type of functional response and to estimate attack rate (a) and handling time (Th), respectively. The results showed a type II functional response on all varieties. The asymptotic 95% confidence intervals, estimated by the model with indicator variable revealed that there was no significant difference between either the attack rates or between handling times of same sex of the predator on the tested varieties. However, when sexes were compared, the females of A. nemoralis had a shorter handling time and higher searching efficiency than the males on all varieties. The maximum predicted daily prey consumption by a female predator (T/Th) was the highest on the susceptible variety. Based on the type of functional response and its parameter values, the effectiveness of A. nemoralis was not affected by plant resistance; these findings may be promising for the integration of the partially-resistant varieties and A. nemoralis in sustainable pest management programs against the pear psylla. The implications of the results for biological control of pear psylla are discussed in a tritrophic context.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1169_1e1d184167ca7676cf665225e236a3d2.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 3 5 2014 12 01 First record of Acizzia jamatonica (Kuwayama) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae: Acizziinae) in Iran 611 614 1170 10.48311/jcp.2014.1170 EN Ahad Sahragard Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, P. O. Box: 41335-3179, Rasht, Iran. Shahab Manzari Insect Taxonomy Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, P. O. Box: 1454, Tehran 19395, Iran. Ahad Sahragard Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, P. O. Box: 41335-3179, Rasht, Iran. Journal Article The East Asian psyllid, Acizzia jamatonica (Kuwayama, 1908) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is newly reported from Iran. This is also considered as the first record of the genus Acizzia Heslop-Harrison and the subfamily Acizziinae for the country. The psyllid was collected from Persian silk tree, Albizia julibrissin Durazzini (Fabaceae), in Rasht, Guilan province, in July 2013. A brief taxonomic diagnosis is provided to facilitate its recognition.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1170_3eb71f6293a2a31f3569e10af6552658.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 3 5 2014 12 01 Effects of physical state of formulations on the potential of Trichoderma harzianum 199 against wheat common bunt 615 624 1171 10.48311/jcp.2014.1171 EN Seyed Mehdi Shetab Booshehri Department of Plant Protection of Ahvaz Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center. Journal Article Potential of three physically different formulations of biocontrol agent Thrichoderma harzianum199 was investigated in a field trial against wheat common bunt caused by Tilletia laevis Kühn. Wheat seeds of cv. Chamran were treated with liquid, semi-solid (gel mixed suspension) and solid (talc powder) formulations prior to planting. Field practices were performed based on Khuzestan wheat planting schedule and no chemical was used until harvesting. The results of analyzed data showed significant effect of formulation type on common bunt incidence. Tetraconazole (chemical check) showed common bunt reduction (97.7%) and among bio-formulations, gel-mixed suspension was significant in disease reduction (43.41%), but it was next to talc and liquid formulation in yield, harvested weight, healthy spikes and stem height. Talc formulation reduced bunt infection (39.07%) and showed better than gel mixed suspension in yield and some yield components. Conversely, liquid formulation enhanced bunt incidence (25.31%) but was almost same as the talc and better than gel formulation in yield and yield components. General findings of this experiment indicate that physical form of T. harzianum 199 formulation can effectively influence both common bunt prevention and agronomic potential of Chamran wheat cultivar.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1171_a113c1ecd3cace2237256f4c712f61b5.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 3 5 2014 12 01 Natural predatory survey on vineyards infested by grape erineum mite, Colomerus vitis (Pagenstecher) (Acari: Eriophyidae) in western Iran 625 630 1172 10.48311/jcp.2014.1172 EN Saeid Javadi Khederi Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. Mohammad Khanjani Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. Journal Article The grape erineum mite (GEM), Colomerus vitis (Pagenstecher) (Acari: Eriophyidae) is considered to be one of the most important pests, that sometimes causes irreversible damages to grapevine cultivars in western parts of Iran. Studies were carried out in order to find natural enemies associated with GEM, during 2011-2013. Results indicated that natural enemies included two species of predatory mites belonging to the families Phytoseiidae [Typhlodromus (Anthoseius) khosrovensis, T. (Anthoseius) bagdasarjani], Tydeidae (Neopronematus sp.), one species of Anystidae (Anystis baccarum), one species of Stigmaeidae (Zetzellia mali), one species of dipteran: Cecidomyiidae (Arthrocnodax vitis Rubsaamen), four species, belonging to the family Coccinellidae (Stethorus gilvifrons, Coccinella septempunctata, Hipodamya varigiata, Harmonia sp.), two species of predatory bugs belonging to the family Anthocoridae (Orius albidipennis, O. niger) and one species of Chrysopidae (Chrysopa carnea). Amongst them the cecidomyiid, the tydeid mite and the phytoseiid mites, had higher population densities in this area.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1172_36a1694bce9815b7e38a9dad05ad42e0.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 3 5 2014 12 01 Effect of pheromone trap sizes and colors on capture of Leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) 631 636 1173 10.48311/jcp.2014.1173 EN Mohammad Javad Ardeh Research Department of Agricultural Entomology, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, P. O. Box: 19395-1454, Tehran, Iran. Ali Mohammadipour Research Department of Agricultural Entomology, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, P. O. Box: 19395-1454, Tehran, Iran. Raoof Kolyaee Research Department of Agricultural Entomology, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, P. O. Box: 19395-1454, Tehran, Iran. Hassan Rahimi Research Department of Plant Protection, Khorasan Agricultural & Natural Resources Research Center, Agricultural Center of Torogh, 91735, Mashhad, Iran. Hadi Zohdi Research Department of Plant Protection, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, 7617913935, Kerman, Iran. Journal Article The Leopard moth, Zeuzera pyrina (L.) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) is a serious pest of walnut and apple trees in Iran. One of the control methods for this pest is the mass trapping of males using pheromone traps. To determine the best size and color of traps, four different colors (green, yellow, white, gray) and two different sizes (delta shape with standard adhesive surface, 19 × 22 cm and trapezoidal shape with twofold adhesive surface, 36 × 22cm) were compared in a walnut orchard in Alborz province. The results showed that color did not have any significant effect on the number of males captured by traps, whereas the newly made, trapezoidal trap could capture more than twice as many as a delta trap. This means that with the same number of pheromone dispensers, more than twice as many moths could be captured by trapezoidal traps than by delta traps, which could increase the efficiency of pheromone traps in an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) program.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1173_0a0a0c8aaa00ade50f74a3f0ca981ed7.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 3 5 2014 12 01 Faunistic study of the subfamily Milesiinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) in Saqqez, northwestern Iran 637 644 1174 10.48311/jcp.2014.1174 EN Chnoor Hoseini Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran. Samad Khaghaninia Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran. Hossein Lotfalizadeh Department of Plant Protection, East Azerbaijan province Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resource, Tabriz, Iran. Journal Article Specimens of the subfamily Milesiinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) were collected using sweeping net from Saqqez region, Kordestan province located in the northwestern Iran during 2012-2013. In total 25 species in 12 genera were identified. Of which Eumerus transcaspicus (Stackelberg, 1952) is reported for first time from Iran. Diagnostic characters besides supplementary photos of the new record are provided.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1174_3473decccb0509fb264818a7512a8b9b.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 3 5 2014 12 01 Spatial distribution of overwintered adults of Eurygaster integriceps (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) in wheat fields of Ardabil province 645 654 1175 10.48311/jcp.2014.1175 EN Seyed Ali Asghar Fathi Department of Plant Protection, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Nakisa Bakhshizadeh Department of Plant Protection, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. Journal Article In this study, the spatial distribution of overwintered adults of Sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton, was investigated by using dispersion parameters and indices, mathematical distribution, and regression techniques in rainfed wheat fields by sample size of 1 m2 in 2009 and 2010. The dispersion parameters including: mean-variance test and clumping parameter () showed that the overwintered adults of Sunn pest population followed the negative binomial distribution pattern. Furthermore, the dispersion indices including: variance to mean ratio, Lloyd's index of mean crowding and Morisita index also confirmed the aggregated distribution pattern of overwintered adults of Sunn pest. Also, mathematical distribution and Taylor's power law () and Iwao's patchiness regression () showed the contagious distribution of overwintered adults of E. integriceps. These results can be useful in patch spraying for control of overwintered adults of E. integriceps in early season in wheat fields.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1175_1896a3bf730516dd643ba67b4c447d36.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 3 5 2014 12 01 Asparaginase and amylase activity of thyme endophytic fungi 655 662 1176 10.48311/jcp.2014.1176 EN Sahar Masumi Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. Soheila Mirzaei Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. Ramezan Kalvandi Research Center for Agriculture and Natural Resources, Hamedan, Iran. Doustmorad Zafari Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran. Journal Article Asparaginase and amylase are widely used enzymes in various industries, which can be produced by endophytic fungi. In this study, the ability of producing these two enzymes in endophytic fungi isolated from six species of Thymus has been reported for the first time in the world. Among 89 isolates of the test, 34 isolates produced asparaginase among which M24 (Fusarium subglutinans) displayed the greatest enzyme activity. Thirty three isolates showed the ability to produce amylase while the greatest enzyme activity belonged to M53 (Curvularia akaii). This study can be regarded as a preliminary work and endophytic fungi of high activity are proposed as possible resources for control of cancer in humans and for industrial applications.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1176_a7d8ae4569120b5bec12e7b6e9648b86.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 3 5 2014 12 01 A Study on the identification of powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphaceae) in Ardabil landscape, Iran 663 671 1177 10.48311/jcp.2014.1177 EN Kowsar Sharifi College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Mahdi Davari Department of Plant Protection, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 179, Iran. Seyed Akbar Khodaparast College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Mahmoud Bagheri-Kheirabadi Department of Plant Protection, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 179, Iran. Journal Article The Erysiphaceae are obligatory parasitic fungi that cause powdery mildew disease of green space plants. During this study, powdery mildew fungi were collected and identified from different localities of Ardabil landscape, Iran. Erysiphe rayssiae (on Spartium junceum), Erysiphe robiniae var. robiniae (on Robinia pseudoacacia) and Euoidium cf. agerati (on Ageratum houstonianum)are new records for mycobiota of Iran. Jasminum sp. is reported as Matrix nova for Erysiphe syringae-japonicae. Also this is the first record of Golovinomyces montagnei on Cirsium arvense and Golovinomyces orontii on Antirrhinum majus in Iran. The taxa including Erysiphe astragali on Astragalus sp., Erysiphe crucifearum on Brassica elongata, Erysiphe polygoni on Rumex sp., Golovinomyces cichoracearum on Cichorium intybus and Golovinomyces sordidus on Plantago sp. are newly found in Ardabil province. Furthermore, some specimens belonging to Podosphaera fusca s.l. were assessed. According to the new species concept, concerning these taxa, Podosphaera fusca s.s. was redescribed, and Podosphaera erigerontis-canadensis on Taraxacum sp. is reported for the first time, although previously reported from Iran under the Podosphaera fusca.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1177_83f97f4825290be4cb794ec6a234595f.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 3 5 2014 12 01 Ameroseiid mites (Acari: Ameroseiidae) in some parts of Iran with redescription of Ameroseius lidiae Bregetova 673 682 1178 10.48311/jcp.2014.1178 EN Arsalan Khalili-Moghadam Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. Alireza Saboori Plant Protection Department, Agricultural College, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran. Journal Article This paper reports some species of Ameroseiidae from various habitats in different parts of Iran. Ameroseius bassolase (Vargass, 2001)has been reported from Iran, but it was a misidentification of Sertitympanum aegyptiacus Nasr & Abow-Awad, 1984. Redescription of Ameroseius lidiae Bregetova, 1977 based on female specimens is also presented.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1178_7d771e0e8f3633ab54856925ecdefc5d.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 3 5 2014 12 01 Defense reactions of the grape aphid, Aphis illinoisensis (Hemiptera: Aphididae) to parasitoid species Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Aphelinus albipodus (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) 683 690 1179 10.48311/jcp.2014.1179 EN Dalia Adly Department of Biological Control, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, 7 Nadi El-Said Street, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. Aziza EL-Gantiry Department of Piercing-Sucking Insect Research, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Egypt. Journal Article Developmental periodsof thegrapevine aphid, Aphis illinoisensis Shimer (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on the grape, Vitis vinifera L., and its two parasitoid species, Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson) (exotic) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) and Aphelinus albipodus Hayat and Fatima (indigenous) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) were studied at two constant temperatures (20 and 25 ± 2 oC), 70 ± 5 % R.H. and a photoperiod of 14 L: 10D. The life cycle of A. illinoisensis attained 14.7 and 7.1 days at 20 and 25 oC, respectively. The developmental period was shorter as temperature increased. Developmental time from egg to adult of L. testaceipes was shorter than that of A. albipodus Hayat and Fatima at both 20 and 25 oC. Parasitized aphids were dissected daily to determine the percentage of parasitim, number of encapsulated eggs of L. testaceipes and the number of dead larvae of A. albipodus. The percentage of parasitism of aphid by L. testaceipes was 26% and 12.5% of parasitoid eggs were encapsulated, while 52% of aphids were parasitized by A. albipodus of which 32 % was dead larvae. Therefore, A. illinoisensis has a mechanism for defense against parasitoids and it should be noted that this aphid is not a suitable host for rearing either of the two tested aphid parasitoid species in the laboratory.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1179_dabd8d2ce74e782c65a973ef76fd540b.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 3 5 2014 12 01 Morphological and molecular characterization of three species of the genus Pratylenchoides Winslow, 1958 (Tylenchina, Merliniidae, Pratylenchoidinae) from Iran 691 709 1180 10.48311/jcp.2014.1180 EN Yousef Panahandeh Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Ebrahim Pourjam Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Mohammad Reza Atighi Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Majid Pedram Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article Two species of Pratylenchoides recovered from the grasslands in Sabalan region and one species recovered from natural habitats of Tehran are illustrated based on morphological, morphometric and molecular characters. The first species, P. crenicauda is characterized mainly by its lip region with three-four annuli, lateral field with four incisures areolated throughout the length and having rod shaped sperm cells. It is further distinguished by the positions of the pharyngeal glands nuclei. P. magnicauda was found in Tehran and its morphological characters and phylogenetic relations with other species are discussed. The Iranian populations of P. variabilis are characterized by three lip annuli, stylet 20-22 µm long, four and six incisures in lateral field, rounded sperm and one of the pharyngeal glands nuclei located posterior to pharyngo-intestinal valve. The phylogenetic tree inferred from the partial sequences of D2-D3 segment of 28S rDNA revealed the three sequenced species are separate from each other and form a clade with high (1.00) Bayesian posterior probability (BPP) in Bayesian inference (BI) and 86% bootstrap support value (BS) in maximum likelihood (ML) analyses with other two sequenced species of the genus for this genomic region.

https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1180_6eb6e75fddec0218351dc5c0c8464104.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 3 5 2014 12 01 Annual index 710 733 1181 10.48311/jcp.2014.1181 EN Journal Article https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1181_2ac2406e835bd49c70469acae337d292.pdf