Tarbiat Modares University Journal of Crop Protection 2251-9041 12 4 2023 12 01 The effect of adjuvants on nicosulfuron efficacy for controlling Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, and Echinochloa crus-galli 379 388 1646 10.48311/jcp.2023.1646 EN Ebrahim Mamnoie Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. Ebrahim Izadi Darbandi Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. 0000-0003-4784-6217 Mehdi Rastgoo Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. Mohammad Ali Baghestani Research Department of Weed Science, Iranian Plant Protection Research Institute, Tehran, Iran. Mohamad Hasanzade Khayyat Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Journal Article <span>Three dose-response experiments were conducted separately to study the effect of several adjuvants on nicosulfuron efficacy for controlling Amaranthus retroflexus L., Chenopodium album L. and Echinochloa crus-galli L. The experiment</span><span>s were</span><span> arranged in a completely randomized </span><span>b</span><em><span>lock</span></em><span> design with a factorial arrangement of the treatments and four replications.</span><span> The treatments consisted of six doses of nicosulfuron </span><span>at 0 (control), 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 g a.i.ha^-1</span><span>of the</span><span>recommended dose</span><span>with and without the adjuvants of cotton oil, rocket oil, soybean oil, maize oil, Adigor</span><span>®, Volck^®, HydroMax^™ at 0.5% (v/v), Cytogate, Trend^® 90, and D-octil^® at 0.2 % (V/V</span><span>). The efficacy of </span><span>nicosulfuron in control of A. retroflexus, C. album, and E. crus-galli increased significantly when the adjuvants were used. </span><span>HydroMax^™and Trend^® 90 were the best adjuvants, considering enhanced nicosulfuron efficacy for controlling C. album, E. crus-galli, and A. retroflexus. In the presence of HydroMax^™ nicosulfuron efficacy was raised by a factor of 4.02, 3.45, and 1.65-fold for controlling A. retroflexus, E. crus-galli, and C. album, respectively. In general, the efficacy of nicosulfuron to </span><span>control </span><span>A. retroflexus</span><span> and E. crus-galli was higher than C. album.</span><br> https://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article_1646_e4873aa9a05cc5ed839561d121516766.pdf