2024-03-28T20:38:30+04:30
http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/browse.php?mag_id=831&slc_lang=en&sid=3
831-5097
2024-03-28
10.1002
Journal of Crop Protection
JCP
2251-9041
2251-905X
2017
6
1
New Anastomosis Group F (AG-F) of binucleate Rhizoctonia causing root and stem rot of Pistacia vera
Hossein
Alaei
Saeed
Molaei
Seyed Bagher
Mahmoodi
Roohollah
Saberi-Riseh
A total of ten isolates of fungi with Rhizoctonia-like mycelia were obtained from infected roots and stems of Pistachio Pistacia vera grown in a commercial nursery in Rafsanjan, Iran, during the autumn of 2011. The infected seedlings showed symptoms of chlorosis that later turned to necrosis. All of the isolates were identified as binucleate Rhizoctonia on the basis of hyphal characteristics and nuclear number. They were tested for detection of the anastomosis group, optimum growth temperature, rDNA-ITS region traits and pathogenicity on pistachio seedlings in vitro and in vivo. The analysis of hyphal anastomosis reaction was carried out with the tester isolates of binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-A, AG-Ba, AG-G and AG-F as well as multinucleate Rhizoctonia AG4 as already detected on pistachio seedlings. The optimum temperature for growth of binucleate Rhizoctonia sp.was 35 °C. In in vivo test, the symptoms of root rot were observed 30 days after inoculation and mortality happened two weeks thereafter. According to molecular characteristics and anastomosis test groups, all isolates showed greatest similarity to anastomosis group AG-F. This finding is the first report of anastomosis group F (AG-F) of binucleate Rhizoctonia, as causal agent of root and stem rot disease of pistachio in the world and Iran.
Pistachio
Pathogenicity
ITS-rDNA
DNA extraction
PCR
2017
3
01
1
13
http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-5097-en.pdf
831-10433
2024-03-28
10.1002
Journal of Crop Protection
JCP
2251-9041
2251-905X
2017
6
1
Toxicity and repellent effect of essential oils and a major component against Lipaphis erysimi
Vinod
Kumar
Chandra
Shekhar Mathela
Essential oils (EOs) extracted from aerial parts of Aster indamellus Grierson, Calamintha umbrosa Benth. and Erigeron annuus (L.) Pres.were analyzed by GC, GC/MS. The major acetylenic constituent (cis-lachnophyllum ester) of E. annuus was isolated and characterized by 1H and 13C-NMR spectra. Their toxicity and repellent effect against Lipaphiserysimi was tested. Oils of E. annuus and C. umbrosa exhibited higher toxicity on direct spray and by fumigation. LC50 value of E. annuus oil was 0.43 mg/ml as direct spray. By fumigation, LC50 value for E. annuus was 1.29 ml/l air, while for C. umbrosa;it was 1.00 ml/l air. With acetylenic ester, about half of L. erysimi were killed at 10 mg/ml approximately within 13.25 h, while with E. annuus oil the LT50 value was approximately 8.89 h. In conclusion, the EO of E. annuus and its acetylenic constituent have potential as biopesticide for economically important crop pests.
Essential oil
cis-lachnophyllum ester
Lipaphis erysimi
toxicity
repellence
2017
3
01
15
23
http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10433-en.pdf
831-7649
2024-03-28
10.1002
Journal of Crop Protection
JCP
2251-9041
2251-905X
2017
6
1
Preparation of polyclonal antibody against recombinant coat protein of Cucumber mosaic virus isolate B13
Davoud
Koolivand
Nemat
Sokhandan Bashir
Afshin
Rostami
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is one of widely-spread viruses of plants with the broadest host range encompassing over 1200 species. One major limiting factor for detection of the virus is unavailability of the virus-specific antibodies especially in developing countries. Recombinant DNA technology facilitates antibody preparation without requiring special equipment. In this study, coat protein (CP) gene cDNA of CMV was subcloned from pTZ57CMVCP into pET21a expression vector and transformed into Escherichia coli strain Rosetta. Expression of CMV CP was examined by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and its identity was confirmed by western blotting, dot blot immunobinding assay (DIBA) and enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using anti- CMV antibody. The expressed protein was purified using T7•Tag affinity purification kit and used as antigen for raising polyclonal antibodies in two mice. The purified anti-CMV CP IgG and the conjugated IgG performed favourably in terms of specificity and sensitivity to detect both expressed CP (antigen) and CMV isolates in infected cucurbit plants using plate trapped antigen (PTA)- ELISA, double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA and western blotting. The prepared antibodies can be applied in serological and sero-molecular tests in studies on the virus and in screening of plants for the infection. This is the first report of preparation of antibodies against CP of an indigenous isolate of CMV.
Antibody
Coat Protein
Cucumber mosaic virus
E. coli
Expression
western blot
2017
3
01
25
34
http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7649-en.pdf
831-7884
2024-03-28
10.1002
Journal of Crop Protection
JCP
2251-9041
2251-905X
2017
6
1
Identification of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxins contamination in inflorescences of wild grasses in Iran
Khosrow
Chehri
Seyyed Meqdad
Hasani
Wild grasses are the most important primary feedstuffs which are susceptible to contamination with toxigenic fungi belonging to Aspergillus spp. In order to explore diversity of Aspergillus species associated with the inflorescences of gramineous weeds, infected inflorescences were collected from wild grasses in western parts of Iran. Fifty-six Aspergillus isolates were obtained from all diseased spikes and based on morphological features identified as 4 species i.e. Aspergillus niger (26) followed by Aspergillus flavus (24), Aspergillus fumigatus (4), andAspergillusjaponicus (2). The identification of A. flavus was confirmed using species specific primers of AFLA-F/AFLA-R by producing amplicons about 413 bp. In this study, aflatoxins (AFs) contamination of wild grasses was evaluated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Natural occurrence of AFs could be detected in 24 samples ranging from 0.63-134.86 μg/kg. The highest AFT levels were detected in samples from Ravansar, Bisetoon, Mahidasht, and Sarpol Zehab (up to 50 μg/kg), which is more than the recommended limits by European :union: standard and National Standard of Iran (20 µg/kg for animal feed).
Aflatoxins
species specific primers
ELISA
2017
3
01
35
44
http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7884-en.pdf
831-3454
2024-03-28
10.1002
Journal of Crop Protection
JCP
2251-9041
2251-905X
2017
6
1
Phytochemical investigations of Piper guineense seed extract and their effects on Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on stored maize
Mobolade
Akinbuluma
Francis
Ewete
Emmanuel
Yeye
Three different solvents namely; hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol were used in partitioning the extracts obtained from Piper guineense seeds and solvent extracts were investigated for the presence or absence of secondary metabolites. Extracts were further evaluated on adult maize weevils, Sitophilus zeamais. Experiment was carried out under laboratory conditions at 27 ± 2 °C ambient temperatures and 65 ± 5% relative humidity and was arranged in a completely randomised design in four replicates. Parameters assessed, including contact toxicity, repellent effects as well as effect of solvent extracts on the germination of maize seeds. Results obtained showed that the solvent extracts contained all the secondary metabolites tested except flavonoids and steroids. As well, all the solvent extracts were lethal and possessed high repellent action against S. zeamais, with ethanol fraction being the most potent. There was no significant difference in the germination of seeds treated with the solvent extracts as well as the ethanol control. The results obtained from this study reveal P. guineese as a potential candidate for bio insecticide and could serve as an alternative to synthetic insecticides.
Piper guineense
secondary metabolites
Sitophilus zeamais
contact toxicity
2017
3
01
45
52
http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3454-en.pdf
831-11185
2024-03-28
10.1002
Journal of Crop Protection
JCP
2251-9041
2251-905X
2017
6
1
Life table parameters of the predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) on different strawberry cultivars in the laboratory conditions
Maryam
Rezaie
Alireza
Saboori
Valiollah
Baniameri
Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) is a predatory mite that can control spider mites. The effect of seven strawberry cultivars (including: ‘Marak’, ‘Yalova’, ‘Aliso’, ‘Gaviota’, ‘Sequoia’, ‘Camarosa’ and ‘Chandler’) on the growth and development of N. californicus was studied in the laboratory conditions (27 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 5% RH and 16L: 8D photoperiod). There was significant difference in the number of trichomes on the leaves of strawberry cultivars. Life table parameters were analyzed based on age˗ stage, two˗sex life table. Egg incubation and protonymphal duration were significantly different when the predator was reared on different cultivars. There was no significant difference of total longevity among different cultivars. The longest preoviposition period was observed on ‘Aliso’ (1.70 days). The fecundity rate on ‘Gaviota’ and ‘Sequioa’ (6.90 and 8.91 eggs, respectively) was lower than other cultivars tested. The highest intrinsic rate of increase (0.20 day-1) and fecundity rates (13.29 eggs) were on ‘Chandler’, which might be due to the higher nutritional quality of Tetranychus urticae Koch reared on it or its low density of trichomes. Among the seven strawberry cultivars ‘Sequoia’, ‘Gaviota’ and ‘Yalova’ were recognized unsuitable for development and reproduction of N. californicus.
Life table parameters
Neoseiulus californicus
Strawberry Cultivars
Trichome
2017
3
01
53
66
http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11185-en.pdf
831-4485
2024-03-28
10.1002
Journal of Crop Protection
JCP
2251-9041
2251-905X
2017
6
1
Molecular identification of formae specialis and racial identity in Iranian strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici: detection of avirulence genes
Elahe
Rabiei-Motlagh
Hamid
Rouhani
Farhad
Shokouhifar
Mahrokh
Falahati Rastegar
Parissa
Taher
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) is the causal agent of vascular wilt in tomato, an important plant disease in Iran. Four monogenic resistance genes in tomato are used for identification of races of Fol and their corresponding avirulence genes Avr1, Avr2 and Avr3 were identified in pathogen one of which, Avr2, is f.sp. specific. Hence they can serve as reliable markers for racial identity and f.sp discrimination. These markers have been used for strains from other countries except Iran. Furthermore, a point mutation in Avr3 can lead to enhanced virulence of Fol on a susceptible tomato cultivar. To identify forma specialis and racial identity, Avr genes were studied in a collection of Iranian strains. Results revealed that PCR assay is very efficient in distinguishing between non-pathogenic and low virulence strains and in the vast majority of strains, avirulence genotype was consistent with Fol race1. Furthermore, to determine whether allelic variation of Avr3 could separate strains of different degrees of virulence, Avr3 wassequenced in Fol strains with high and low virulence. The resultsrevealed that allelicvariation of Avr3 was not correlated with degree of virulence in Iranian strains.
Avirulence genotype
effector gene
tomato wilt
molecular detection
2017
3
01
67
77
http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-4485-en.pdf
831-10307
2024-03-28
10.1002
Journal of Crop Protection
JCP
2251-9041
2251-905X
2017
6
1
Toxic and oviposition deterrence activities of essential oils from Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck and Citrus paradisi (Macfarlane) fruit peel against adults of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)
Fatemeh
Heidari
Mohammad
Sarailoo
Vahid
Ghasemi
Ahmad
Nadimi
The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), is one of the most destructive pests attacking stored grain products all over the world. Serious problems assossiated with using synthetic chemical insecticides have strongly demonstrated the need for applying alternative safe compounds such as plant essential oils. The present experiment was conducted to evaluate fumigant toxicity of essential oils from the fresh fruit peel of two Citrus species namely, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck and Citrus paradisi (Macfarlane) against 1 to 7-days-old adults of T. castaneum under laboratoryconditions. Moreover, oviposition deterrence activity of sublethal concentrations of the oils were assessed on the female beetles. All experiments were carried out at 27 ± 1 °C and65 ± 5% r. h. in darkness. Findings indicated the high fumigant toxicity of both essential oils. According to probit analysis, there was no significant differences between C. sinensis (LC50 = 7.27 µl.l-1 air) and C. paradisi (LC50 = 7.70 µl.l-1 air) essentialoils. Also, oviposition deterrence activity of the essential oils was significantly increased as concentrations of the oils were increased from 500 to 2500 ppm. In general, the results of our study demonstrated the high efficacy of C. sinensis and C. paradisi oils against T. castaneum.
Tribolium castaneum
Citrus sinensis
Citrus paradisi
fumigant toxicity
oviposition deterrency
2017
3
01
79
88
http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10307-en.pdf
831-8070
2024-03-28
10.1002
Journal of Crop Protection
JCP
2251-9041
2251-905X
2017
6
1
The effect of environmental factors on surfactin production of Bacillus subtilis
Fahimeh
Nazari
Naser
Safaie
Bahram Mohammad
Soltani
Masoud
Shams-Bakhsh
Mohsen
Sharifi
Surfactin is one of the most efficient biosurfactants excreted by Bacillus subtilis which displays the highest potential as induced systemic resistance elicitor among all metabolites produced by B. subtilis. Environmental factors have considerable effect on surfactin production. In this study surfactin production of two Bacillus subtilis strains were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). C14 and C15 surfactins were detected in the ethanol extract from acid-precipitated supernatant. HPLC analyses of different media including Nutrient Broth (NB) medium, NB plus 40g/l glucose, NB plus 10% soil extract and NB plus 10% plant extract medium, clearly showed that these bacteria produced different amounts of surfactins C14 and C15 in these media. Surfactin production in NB/plant medium was relatively the highest in quantity. Microelements analysis of media containing plant and soil extract with atomic absorption spectrometry showed high amounts of Fe, Mn and Zn in medium containing plant extract compared with that of soil extract. Since these elements play an important role in surfactin production, high amounts of Fe, Mn and Zn in NB/plant extract medium compared to the NB/soil extract medium could be the possible reason for relatively higher amounts of surfactins C14 and C15 produced in NB/plant medium. So adding these important elements to soil may boost biocontrol effect of B. subtilis against plant pathogens.
Surfactin
HPLC
Bacillus spp
Biocontrol
2017
3
01
89
97
http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8070-en.pdf
831-10666
2024-03-28
10.1002
Journal of Crop Protection
JCP
2251-9041
2251-905X
2017
6
1
Bacterial pathogens associated with citrus huanglongbing-like symptoms in southern Iran
Esmaeil
Saberi
Seyed Mehdi
Alavi
Naser
Safaie
Cobra
Moslemkhany
Mehdi
Azadvar
Huanglongbing (HLB) also known as citrus greening, is a destructive disease of citrus and now, is considered as a new emergence and spread out threat to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) citrus production. In a survey conducted in southern Iran in 2013-2014, 77 citrus samples exhibiting symptoms of HLB were collected. Single-step and nested polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were employed to determine the presence of the phloem-limited bacterial pathogens ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’(CLas), phytoplasma and Spiroplasma citri. Both CLas and phytoplasma were detected in HLB-affected citrus trees as co-infection (7.79%) and single infection (10.38% for phytoplasma and 42.85% for CLas). According to the proposed 16S rDNA-based phytoplasma classification scheme, the HLB-associated phytoplasma from this study was a member of peanut witches’broom (16SrII) phytoplasma group. This is the first report of association of a phytoplasma with HLB in sweet lime in the world and first record of association of CLas with sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) and sweet lime in Iran.
'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus'
Citrus greening
Phytoplasma
Citrus
Iran
2017
3
01
99
113
http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10666-en.pdf
831-4252
2024-03-28
10.1002
Journal of Crop Protection
JCP
2251-9041
2251-905X
2017
6
1
Effect of azadirachtin, chlorantraniliprole and some insect growth regulators on vegetable leafminer, Liriomyza sativae (Blanchard) (Diptera: Agromyzidae)
Mahdieh
Khorshidi
Mir Jalil
Hejazi
Shahzad
Iranipour
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of some insecticides with novel modes of action on Liriomyza sativae Blanchard and their sublethal effects on pupal mortality, pupal weight and sex ratio in adult insects. The effects of hexaflumuron, chromafenozide, chlorfluazuron, cyromazine, lufenuron + fenoxycarb and azadirachtin and chlorantraniliprole were evaluated on 1st instar larvae of L. sativae using a leaf dip method. Dose - response lines were constructed for insecticides which caused higher mortality of the larvae at field recommended doses. LC50 values for chlorantraniliprole, cyromazine, azadirachtin and hexaflumuron were 0.24, 0.49, 8.51 and 67.6 mg ai/l, respectively. A significant reduction in pupal weight and adult emergence was observed in all of the treatments except chromafenozide; but the adult sex ratio did not change significantly compared with control. Most of the insecticides used in this study are fairly new compounds with unique modes of action and had considerable lethal and sublethal effects on L. sativae. If these results also hold true in the field and commercial greenhouse conditions, these compounds could be suitable candidates in management of vegetable leafminer.
Liriomyza sativae
Azadirachtin
chlorantraniliprole
insect growth regulators
sublethal effect
2017
3
01
115
123
http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-4252-en.pdf
831-5102
2024-03-28
10.1002
Journal of Crop Protection
JCP
2251-9041
2251-905X
2017
6
1
Description of some known species of the genus Aphelenchoides Fisher, 1984 (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from Iran
Yaser
Adeldoost
Ramin
Heydari
Mehrab
Esmaeili
Esmaeil
Miraeiz
Twelve species of the genus Aphelenchoides were collected and identified based on morphological and morphometric characters from different regions in North, South and Western Iran. Among collected species i. e. A. centralis, A. cibolensis, A. cyrtus, A. hamatus, A. helicus, A. huntensis, A. limberi, A. obtusicaudatus, A. sprophilus, A. sacchari, A. spicomucronatus and A.tuzeti, three species namely A. cibolensis, A. hamatus and A. saprophilus are new records from Iran. Description, measurements, line drawings and microscopic photographs for Iranian population of these species are provided. Aphelenchoides helicus that was previously reportedwithout description, is described and illustrated as well.
Morphology
morphometric
new record
2017
3
01
125
143
http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-5102-en.pdf
831-2752
2024-03-28
10.1002
Journal of Crop Protection
JCP
2251-9041
2251-905X
2017
6
1
Integration of leaf extracts from Helianthus annuus and varietal resistance in the control of Sitotroga cerealella (Lep.: Gelechiidae) infesting paddy rice
Adenike
Christy Adeyemo
Michael
Olufemi Ashamo
Olusola
Olasumbo Odeyemi
The bioactivity of leaf extracts of Helianthus annuus L. against Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) in stored paddy rice varieties was evaluated in the laboratory of the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria at ambient temperature of 28 ± 2 °C and 75 ± 5% relative humidity. Standard methods were used to determine toxicity of the plant powders and extracts, to S. cerealella based on weight loss, adult emergence, adult mortality and developmental periods. Paddy rice from previously categorized susceptible and moderately susceptible varieties was used for the research work. The adult mortality was assessed at 24, 48 and 72 hours of application. The solvent extracts of the plant significantly reduced or prevented adult emergence of S. cerealella. Also there was an increase in the developmental period (P > 0.05) and reduction or prevention of seed weight loss. Adult mortality of 100% was observed in S. cerealella in paddy treated with 4% petroleum ether leaf extract in FARO 44 as compared with 100% mortality in FARO 52 paddy treated with 3% petroleum ether leaf extract. Lowest adult moth mortality of 30.33% and 35.20% were observed in 1% ethanolic leaf extract treated in FARO 44 and FARO 52 respectively. Results showed that H. annuus plant parts in combination with the susceptible paddy variety, FARO 52 increased mortality of adult S. cerealella and prolonged developmental periods. Both the powder and the extracts of this plant could be produced on commercial scale and incorporated into pest management programmes.
Helianthus annuus
Sitotroga cerealella
paddy rice varieties
Susceptibility
mortality
2017
3
01
145
155
http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-2752-en.pdf
831-1610
2024-03-28
10.1002
Journal of Crop Protection
JCP
2251-9041
2251-905X
2017
6
1
Assay of NPR1 gene expression in wheat under powdery mildew stress
Leila
Ahangar
Gholam Ali
Ranjbar
Valiollah
Babaeizad
Hamid
Najafi Zarrini
Abbas
Biabani
One of the effective plant disease management strategies is based on the employment of resistance inducers. In the present study, to assay, the effects of Salicylic acid (chemical inducer) and Piriformospora indica (biological inducer) on wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminnis f. sp. tritici), the expression rate of Non-expresser of pathogenesis-related genes1 (NPR1) genewas evaluated using qPCR. For this purpose, Falat and Tajan cultivars were selected as susceptible and resistant genotypes to powdery mildew, respectively. To evaluate the rate of gene expression, the P. indica colonized Falat along with mock plants were inoculated with Powdery mildew. In another experiment, Falat treated with SA and control plants were inoculated with Powdery mildew 48 h after treatment with SA. Gene expression was assayed in Falat compared with resistant cv. Tajan. Sampling was carried out at 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after infection. Comparisons of gene expression patterns showed that after infection, the expression levels of NPR1 increased in induced and non-induced Falat and Tajan cultivars. The maximum gene expression levels were observed at 24 hours post infection. But the expression levels of the gene at this timewere much higher in induced treatments compared with control. The current study showed that NPR1 can be involved in resistance strategy. Thus, using NPR1 gene as a desired gene in genetic engineering for increasing the potential of plant resistance to pathogens can be considered. Moreover, the high response of NPR1 gene in induced plants indicated that both SA and P. indica play a critical role in inducing resistance.
Wheat
Resistance inducer
Piriformospora indica
Salicylic acid
NPR1 gene
2017
3
01
157
166
http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-1610-en.pdf
831-8198
2024-03-28
10.1002
Journal of Crop Protection
JCP
2251-9041
2251-905X
2017
6
1
Characterization of Meloidogyne species and the reaction of tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. cultivars to Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica
Abiodun O.
Claudius-Cole
Abdulai
Muntala
Bamidele
Fawole
The study was conducted to determine the distribution of the common Meloidogyne species in research stations and vegetable farms in Ibadan, south-western Nigeria. Galled roots were collected from inoculum plots of four research stations and two vegetable farms. Identification of species was based on juvenile and female morphological characters and specific SCAR primers for Meloidogyne species. The pathogenicity of M. incognita and M. javanica was evaluated at different inoculum levels on tomato in a screenhouse study. M. incognita was the dominant species encountered in research plots, although it often occurred in mixed population with M. javanica and other unidentified species. Growth parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, and yield responded negatively to increasing inoculum levels for all the cultivars except Small Fry and Celebrity. Both cultivars were categorized as resistant to M. incognita and tolerant to M. javanca. The most popularly grown tomato cultivars, Ibadan Local, Roma (Roma type) and Beske were susceptible to both species of root-knot nematodes.
celebrity
host rating
Pathogenicity
root-knot nematodes
SCAR-PCR
vegetables
2017
3
01
167
179
http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8198-en.pdf