@article{ author = {Rezaei, Mehran and Moharramipour, Saei}, title = {Efficacy of Dayabon, a botanical pesticide, on different life stages of Myzus persicae and its biological control agent, Aphidius matricariae}, abstract ={The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the most important pests in greenhouses and its damages are economically important. The overuse of chemical pesticides has caused resistance in green peach aphid to many common insecticides. Aphidius matricariae (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is an effective biological control agent against aphid populations especially in greenhouse crops. Currently, use of safe and biocompatible botanical pesticides in combination with biological control agents is being recommended. In this study, contact toxicity of Dayabon (SL 10%), a new botanical pesticide, was investigated on different life stages of M. persicae at 1000 to 7000ppm. Also, the toxicity was studied on mummies and adult parasitoids at 2000 to 14000ppm. The estimated LC50 on first, second, third, fourth instar nymphs and adults were 3254, 3387, 4194, 3839 and 3508ppm, respectively. However, concentrations up to 5000ppm caused less than 50% mortality in parasitoid mummies. Moreover, the residues of Dayabon did not cause any mortality in A. matricariae adults. Based on the standard method of IOBC/WPRS Working Group for side-effects of pesticides on natural enemies of insects, the Dayabon is recognized as safe for A. matricariae while it has acceptable mortality on green peach aphid. Therefore, the integration of Dayabon with A. matricariae could be recommended in order to achieve better control of M. persicae in greenhouse products.}, Keywords = {green peach aphid, insecticide, parasitoid, Dayabon, LC50}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-10}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-26395-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-26395-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Bagheri, Abdoolnabi and AskariSeyahooei, Majeed and Fathipour, Yaghoub and Famil, Maryam and Koohpayma, Fatemeh and Mohammadi-Rad, Akhtar and Parichehreh, Shabnam}, title = {Ecofriendly managing of Helicoverpa armigera in tomato field by releasing Trichogramma evanescence and Habrobracon hebetor}, abstract ={Health and environmental side effects of chemical insecticides and development of resistant population of Helicoverpa armigera Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to pesticides have resulted in increasing demands for non-chemical control approaches against this pest. In this research, the efficacy of two biological control agents were studied under field condition. Treatments consisted of releasing Habrobracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Trichogramma evanescence Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and combination of H. hebetor + T. evanescence (HABROBRACON-TRICO). The results revealed significant differences in the number of infested tomato fruits among treatments and harvesting times. The infested fruits was the lowest (2.68 ± 0.14%) in plots treated by HABROBRACON-TRICO. Moreover, the highest (3.36 ± 0.50%) and the lowest (2.88 ± 0.22%) damaged fruits was recorded in the second and fourth harvesting times, respectively. There was significant interaction between harvesting times and treatments. Regarding the tomato yield in treatments, findings revealed significant difference among treatments in both main harvesting times. However, there was no significant differences in total yield in treatments. It could be concluded that biological control agents can be used as a promising alternative for synthetic insecticides in control of H. armigera in tomato farms without significant crop losses.}, Keywords = {Biological control, Cotton bollworm, Tomato field, Chemical application}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {11-19}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-25725-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-25725-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Attarzadeh, Mehran and Rajabpour, Ali and Farkhari, Mohammad and Rasekh, Arash}, title = {Interactions between Orius albidipennis and Aphidius colemani (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for the control of Aphis gossypii on greenhouse cucumber}, abstract ={Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is an important cucumber pest especially in greenhouse. The efficacy of simultaneous release of generalist predator, Orius albidipennis Reuter (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and a specialist parasitic wasp, Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), was evaluated in laboratory conditions against the pest. For this purpose, investigations were carried out on preference of the predator between parasitized and non-parasitized aphids. In addition, production of volatile infochemicals between the natural enemies (NEs) was studied by olfactometry trials. In another part of this research, systemic production of volatile synomone by the infested cucumber plants for attraction of each NE was examined by the olfactometry tests. Results revealed that O. albidipennis had no obvious preference to either the parasitized or non-parasitized aphids, while both NEs were significantly attracted to volatiles emitted from infested host plants. Our findings revealed that each of the NEs avoided odors which indicated the presence of another intraguild competitor. The documented facts from the entire study reveal that the NEs are good biocontrol agents against A. gossypii on cucumber, but their avoidance from each other makes simultaneous release of the predator and parasitic wasps unsuitable for biological control of this aphid.      }, Keywords = {  predatory bug, parasitoid wasp, simultaneous release, infochemicals, aphid biocontrol}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {21-31}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-25525-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-25525-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Mikani, Azam}, title = {Effect of quercetin on some digestive enzyme activity via crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) content of the midgut of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)}, abstract ={Efficacy of quercetin on α-amylase, lipase and protease activities via crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) content of the midgut of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) was investigated. Fresh cabbage leaf discs were dipped in quercetin solution at different concentrations (100, 500 and 1000ppm) for 10 seconds. Third instar larvae of P. xylostella were fed on leaf dipped in quercetin solutions for 5 days. α-Amylase, lipase and protease activities were evaluated for 5 days. Quercetin significantly decreased lipase, protease and α-amylase activities in the midgut. The results of competitive ELISA showed that different concentration of quercetin had no effect on short neuropeptide F, tachykinin-4 and allatostatin content of the midgut, but it was shown that quercetin (500 and 1000ppm) decreased CCAP content of the midgut. Moreover, incubation of dissected midgut with CCAP increased α-amylase, lipase and protease activities. The injection of CCAP into the hemocoel clearly increased α-amylase, lipase and protease activities. Here, for the first time, it was confirmed that feeding on leaf dipped in quercetin, decreases CCAP content in the midgut of P. xylostella, that itself led to decrease of α-amylase, protease and lipase activities.    }, Keywords = {Plutella xylostella, Quercetin, Crustacean cardioactive peptide, α-Amylase, Protease  }, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {33-43}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-28339-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-28339-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Amirmohammedi, Fereshteh and Bandani, Alireza and Amirheidari, Bagher and Sabahi, Qodratollah}, title = {Effect of pederin on activity of digestive and detoxifying enzymes of Ephestia kuehniella (Lep: Pyralidae) and Tribolium confusum (Col: Tenebrionidae)}, abstract ={During the last decade, plant and microbial-derived metabolites have received growing attention as potential tools for pest management in agriculture. Pederin (C25H45NO9) is a vesicant toxin produced by Pseudomonas-like bacterial symbionts of rove beetles within the genus Paederus (Col: Staphylinidae). In this study, the toxicity of pederin to two stored product pests, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lep: Pyralidae) and Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Col: Tenebrionidae) was evaluated using laboratory bioassays. Probit analysis estimated the median lethal concentrations of pederin as 1311.96 and 596.36ppm for E. kuehniella fourth larval instar and T. confusum adults, respectively. We also measured the activity of two major digestive enzymes (amylases and proteases) as well as three major detoxifying enzymes (P450s monooxygenases, glutathione S-transferases, and carboxyl esterases) in insects treated orally with pederin. Feeding on pederin resulted in significant decrease in the activity of amylolytic, proteolytic, and carboxyl esterase enzymes, but significant increase in the activity of P450s and glutathione S-transferases. Results of this study may highlight pederin as a novel source of pesticides with unique mode of action for use in pest management programs.}, Keywords = {Digestive Enzyme, Detoxifying Enzyme, Natural Products, Paederus fuscipes, pederin, toxin}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {45-55}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-21185-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-21185-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {JavadiKhederi, Saeid and Khoobdel, Mehdi and Khanjani, Mohammad and Hosseininia, Asghar and SadeghiSorkheDizaji, Behzad and Hosseini, Sayed Masoud and Sobati, Hosei}, title = {Insecticidal effects of essential oils from two medicinal plants against Aleuroclava jasmini (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)}, abstract ={The whitefly, Aleuroclava jasmini Takahashi (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is an important pest on paper mulberry Brousson etiapapyrifera (L.) Vent. (Moraceae) plants in the green space of Tehran, Iran. Considering the importance of essential oils in the integrated management program of pests, the present survey were carried out to assess the insecticidal effects of essential oils extracted from garden thyme, Thymus vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae), and neem seed, Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae) on mortality of immature stages of A. jasmini including eggs, first-instar nymphs, and pupae, and adult repellency. Three doses of the above mentioned essential oils consisting of 0.125%, 0.25% and 0.5% (v/v), were tested in contact toxicity assays. Separately, various essential oils (0.5%), as well as Tween-20 (0.5%) were applied as treated and control for adult repellency. Responses differed according to the type and concentration of oils, as well as growth stage of A. jasmini. The highest mortality was detected with increasing concentration of assayed essential oils. The results showed that younger nymphs were more sensitive to treatments than other growth stages. Essential oil derived from T. vulgaris was the most effective, decreasing the survival rate of eggs, nymphs and pupae 64%, 76% and 50%, respectively, as compared with controls. In free-choice assays, the mean numbers of eggs laid on 0.5% A. indica and T. vulgaris oil-treated plants were 80.98% and 58.57% lower than on control plants, respectively. In conclusion, extracted oils from T. vulgaris and A. indica represented the highest contact toxicity, and repellency to A. jasmini respectively. Finally, the assayed essential oils show promise for inclusion in integrated A. jasmini management programs in green space of Tehran, Iran.  }, Keywords = {insecticide, repellency, essential oil, paper mulberry, whitefly}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {57-67}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-21142-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-21142-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Fatemy, Seddigheh and Moosavi, Mohammad Rez}, title = {Nematotoxic potential of daikon, chinaberry and purslane herbal green manures against Globodera rostochiensis in vitro and microplot}, abstract ={The nematotoxic potential of water extracts and green manures prepared from three plant species, daikon Raphanus sativus var. longipinnatus L., purslane Portulaca oleracea L. and chinaberry Melia azedarach L., on Globodera rostochiensis was examined in vitro and in microplots. Significant alteration in J2 (second stage juvenile) activity and their hatching from eggs was observed with different exposure times by all plant species; more than 99% of the J2s were inactivated after 72h and the same degree of inhibition in hatching of the eggs occurred after exposure to the plant extracts. In microplots, the numbers of newly formed cysts and final nematode multiplication rates were reduced in unsterilized soil at 1, 3 and 5% (w:w) rates of amendment with fresh plant materials, and the infestation rates of potato plants did not differ significantly from those in soil treated with metham sodium 37%. The rate of emergence of J2 from cyst inocula declined by 36% in soil treated with chinaberry and purslane and by 71% in soil treated with daikon. The reduced availability of J2 in soil must be one of the reasons for decrease in nematode multiplication rates of 65% and 86% where soil was amended with chinaberry/purslane and daikon, respectively. In terms of plant growth improvement and nematode control, daikon amendment outperformed other treatments, including metham sodium.    }, Keywords = {Globodera rostochiensis, potato, decline rate, fecundity, natural nematicide}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {69-80}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-27510-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-27510-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Okrikata, Emmanuel and Ogunwolu, Emmanuel Oludele and Ukwela, Monday Unwabunne}, title = {Efficiency and economic viability of neem seed oil emulsion and cyper-diforce® insecticides in watermelon production within the Nigerian Southern Guinea Savanna zone}, abstract ={The efficiency of neem based insecticides have been assessed by many studies however, there is scanty information on the cost:benefit ratio of their use vis-a-viz synthetics, particularly, in watermelon production. In this study, thirty-six 5 m long x 8 m wide plots were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design in 4 replications of weekly spray of; 0.5% Cyper-diforce® (CD); 1, 3 and 5% Neem Oil Emulsion (NOE); 0.25% CD + 1, 3 and 5% NOE; 1% soap solution and, Control (unsprayed plots). Arthropods were sampled on 5 m length of row using Suction Sampler and Yellow Sticky Board. Severity of leaf damage and aphid colony size was also assessed. At harvest, marketable fruits were weighed and used to compute cost-benefit ratio. The prevalent pests were five species of leaf-beetles, Aphis gossypii Glover, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) and Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner). The beneficials included; Apis mellifera L., Cardiochiles niger Szépligeti and Cheilomenes sulphurea (Olivier). The 0.5% CD was ineffective against Aphids but 3 and 5% NOE were. Overall, insecticide treatments reduced infestation by 2.9-95.3%. Though, combination of 0.25% CD with NOE treatments suppressed pest infestation relative to sole neem oil treatments, leaf injury and yields were statistically comparable. Sole NOE treatments were observed not to significantly suppress populations of beneficials when compared to 0.25% CD or their combinations. 0.25% CD + 5% NOE consistently gave the highest yield/season (39192-44642 kgha-1). Monetary benefits exceeded US$3724 ha-1. The insignificant differences in yield among the insecticide treatments showcased neem’s potential in managing watermelon pests. The ineffectiveness of Cyper-diforce® against A. gossypii suggests resistance development. }, Keywords = { Arthropods, Cost-benefit analysis, Cyper-diforce®, Neem oil emulsion}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {81-101}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-27183-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-27183-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Shayestehmehr, Hakimeh and Karimzadeh, Roghaiyeh}, title = {Geostatistical analysis of spatial distribution of Therioaphis maculata (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and coccinellid lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)}, abstract ={Understanding the spatial dynamics of insect distributions provides useful information about their ecological requirements and can also be used in site-specific pest management programs. Interactions between prey and predator are spatially and temporally dynamic and can be affected by several factors. In this study, geostatistics was used to characterize the spatial variability of spotted alfalfa aphid, Therioaphis maculata Buckton and coccinellid lady beetles in alfalfa fields. Global positioning and geographic information systems were used for spatial sampling and mapping the distribution pattern of these insects. This study was conducted in three alfalfa fields with areas of 7.3, 3.1 and 0.5 ha and two growing seasons, 2013 and 2014. The 0.5 ha field was divided into 10 × 10m grids and 3.1 and 7.3 ha fields were divided into 30 × 30m grids. Weekly sampling began when height of alfalfa plants reached about 15cm and was continued until the cuttings of alfalfa hay. For sampling, 40 and 10 stems were chosen randomly in 30 × 30m and 10 × 10m grids, respectively and shaken into a white pan three times. Aphids and coccinellids fallen in the pan were counted and recorded. Semivariance analysis indicated that distribution of T. maculata and coccinellids was aggregated in the fields. Comparison of the distribution maps of aphid and lady beetles indicated that there was an overlap between the maps, but they did not coincide completely. This study revealed that relationship between spotted alfalfa aphid and lady beetles was spatially dynamic. These results can be used in biological control and site-specific management programs of T. maculata.  }, Keywords = {GIS, distribution map, kriging, prey-predator interactions}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {103-115}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-25828-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-25828-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Alipanah, Hele}, title = {Eidophasia messingiella (Fischer von Röslerstamm, 1840) (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae), a new genus and species from Iran}, abstract ={The genus Eidophasia Stephens, 1840 and E. messingiella (Fischer von Röslerstamm, 1840) are newly reported for the fauna of Iran. They were identified based on three and one specimens collected in Kordestan and Tehran Provinces, respectively. Taxonomic characterization of the species, as well as figures of the adult female, collecting data map, and both male and female genitalia are briefly described and illustrated.  }, Keywords = {Eidophasia messingiella, distribution, new record, Iran}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {117-122}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-23172-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-23172-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Mosapour, Saeideh and Madjdzadeh, Seyed Massoud and Mehrparvar, Mohse}, title = {Aphids living on Stipa (Poaceae) in Iran: Chaetosiphella longirostris Wieczorek, 2008 (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Chaitophorinae) as a new record}, abstract ={During the study of aphid fauna of Kerman province, Iran, an aphid species, Chaetosiphella longirostris Wieczorek, 2008 (Hem.: Aphididae: Chaitophorinae), was collected on Stipa arabica Trin. & Rupr. (Poaceae), which is reported here for the first time from Iran. This is the second aphid species reported on Stipa in Iran. Since there were some morphological differences between the original description of C. longirostris and Iranian population, here we made a diagnostic comparison. The biometric data of the Iranian population of C. longirostris is given and compared with the original description.}, Keywords = {Aphid, fauna, taxonomy, Iran, morphological differences, new record}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {123-129}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-22673-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-22673-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Shahbazvar, Nasrin and Hosseini, Reza and Manzari, Shahab and Japoshvili, George}, title = {First record of Coccobius pistacicolus (Yasnosh, 1968) (Hym.: Aphelinidae) from Iran}, abstract ={In the present study, which is based on the material collected from Southern part of Caspian Sea, Iran during 2013- 2016, one parasitoid species of the genus Coccobius Ratzeburg was identified as Coccobius pistacicolus (Yasnosh, 1968) (Hym: Aphelinidae). This species, which is reported for the first time from Iran, was collected in Rasht, Guilan province, and reared from Lepidosaphes pallida (Maskell) (Hem.: Diaspididae) on Ficus carica (Moraceae). Diagnostic characters of C. pistacicolus are provided. }, Keywords = {Aphelinidae, Coccobius pistacicolus, Guilan province, Lepidosaphes pallida, Iran}, volume = {8}, Number = {1}, pages = {131-134}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-29640-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-29640-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Hodjat, Seyed Hossein and Saboori, Alireza and Husemann, Marti}, title = {A view on the historic and contemporary acridid fauna (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Acrididae) of Iran-A call for conservation efforts}, abstract ={The decline of biodiversity, specifically of insects is one of the major topics in conservation biology. In several countries of Europe, recent studies have shown a severe decline in species number and biomass of insects. In most countries of much higher diversity, much less is known about the state of the insect fauna. In this study, we focus on the acridid grasshoppers of Iran as an indicator taxon for diversity decline in a high diversity region. We used data of two surveys to suggest a change in species number between 1963 and after 2000. In the surveys before 1963, the species diversity across multiple localities in Iran was much higher compared to more recent faunistic studies. While this data is not statistically analyzable as the sampling is not completely comparable, the trends show a clear pattern of decline, which likely reflects the reality, conforms well to individual observations of less frequent encounters in the field and matches global patterns of insect decline. However, more standardized quantitative surveys are needed to generate statistically analyzable data. Potential reasons for the observed decline are severe draughts as a result of global climate change, habitat pollution, and destruction for construction and mining and especially overgrazing. Management actions need to be urgently put into place to stop the negative trends. Future studies need to document and test if these are taxon-specific trends or universal patterns in the region.  }, Keywords = {Acrididae, biodiversity hotspot, grasshoppers, nature conservation, Orthoptera}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {135-142}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-25563-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-25563-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Moslemkhani, Cobra and hassani, Farshid and NasrollahiAzar, Esmaeil and Khelgatibana, Fatemeh}, title = {Potential of spectroscopy for discrimination of PVY infected potato from healthy plants}, abstract ={Spectroscopy in visible and part of near infrared region was assessed as a non-destructive technique for the detection of plants infected with Potato virus Y (PVY). The aim of our research was to recognize spectral signatures that indicate PVY infected plants. In this assay, we studied spectral reflectance of potato leaves showing different PVY symptoms in cultivars Agria and Milva. Virus titer of leaves that showed different disease symptoms, were estimated using enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay. The means of spectral data obtained from different leaves in each experimental plant were used for spectral analysis. Analyses showed that spectral region in 900-1100nm was markedly sensitive to the PVY infection and could be useful for developing a good spectral signature for detection of the infection. Based on the X loading weights obtained from principal component analysis (PCA), sensitive wavelengths were screened, some wavelengths in this region have most positive or negative loading and based on linear discriminant analysis, they could discriminate infection status with high accuracy. The reflectance variation in this region is related to changes in cell structure and water activity due to viral infection. Results indicate that spectroscopy has a suitable potential to detect virus-infected plants; which could be further developed for more accurate potato field inspection aimed at controlling the spread of viral infection.  }, Keywords = {detection, non-destructive, PVY, spectra, virus}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {143-151}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-23824-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-23824-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Mikani, Azam}, title = {Effect of kaempferol on ecdysteroid titer and oocyte size via tachykinin-4 in cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)}, abstract ={The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is an important pest of many crops. Here, effects of kaempferol on ecdysteroid titer in the ovaries, hemolymph andoocyte size via tachykinin-4 content of H.armigera were studied. Third instar larvae of H. armigera were fed on artificial diet containing different concentrations of kaempferol for 8 days. Kaempferol had insecticidal activity after 6 days. The highest level of larval mortality was approximately 36% in larvae fed diet containing 10µg/g of kaempferol for 8 days. Competitive ELISA showed that tachykinin-4 titer decreased clearly in the adult female moth's brain and hemolymph which fed on diet containing 5 and10µg/g kaempferol during their larval stage for 8 days. It also decreased ecdysteroid in the ovary and hemolymph of adult female. Moreover, oocyte size was significantly decreased. On the other hand, the injection of tachykinin-4 into the hemocoel not only increased ecdysteroid titer in the ovary but also approximately 1.4 fold increases in oocyte size was observed. In conclusion, feeding on food containing kaempferol decreased tachykinin-4 level in the brain and hemolymph that itself led to decreasing ecdysteroid titer in the ovary and hemolymph. Finally the decrease in ecdysteroid titer resulted in smaller oocytes.    }, Keywords = {Kaempferol, Helicoverpa armigera, Tachykinin-4, Ecdysteroid level, Oocyte size}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {153-162}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-30511-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-30511-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Shahmohammadi, Niayesh and Dizadji, Akbar and KoohiHabibi, Mi}, title = {Differentiation and phylogeny of Cucumber mosaic virus isolates originating from ornamentals in Iran; concerning genetic structure of virus}, abstract ={Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV; genus Cucumovirus, family: Bromoviridae) has the widest host range of any known plant viruses. Seven virus isolates, originated from different ornamental plant species and greenhouses, were biologically purified, mechanically inoculated onto test plants and their serological differences were assayed based on reactivity with 11 CMV-specific monoclonal antibodies. Following total RNA extraction, coat protein (CP) coding region of CMV isolates was amplified. Based on biological, serological and phylogenetic analysis, only one isolate belonged to CMV subgroup II and other six isolates were equally distributed among the two IA and IB subgroups. Aphid transmission assay showed that no significant difference was observed between transmission efficiency of CMV subgroups IA, IB and II members by Aphis gossypii. The genetic variation and evolution of CMV in Iran was studied by sequence analysis of the CP gene and comparison with equivalent sequences of isolates from other continents that exhibited low genetic diversity and close evolutionary relationships among isolates in subpopulations. Analysis of various population genetics parameters and distribution of synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations revealed that most of the amino acid sites were under negative selection and only one site was under positive selection.  }, Keywords = {Cucumber mosaic virus, genetic structure, ornamental plants, population genetics, transmission efficiency}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {163-178}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-23279-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-23279-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Safarnejad, Mohammad Reza and Bananej, Kaveh and Sokhansanj, Yal}, title = {Developing of specific antibody against chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV) through recombinant coat protein}, abstract ={The legume crops such as chickpea and lentils are mainly cultivated in semi-arid tropical lands. Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV) causes major losses to legumes throughout the world. Producing of specific antibody against this virus is crucial for surveys of disease in the fields and assessment of vial resistance in plant cultivars. Present article describes developing of specific antibody against the CpCDV virus by applying recombinant protein. In this study, coat protein of CpCDV was selected as a target for detection and preparation of polyclonal antibody. To achieve this aim CP gene encoding coat protein of CpCDV was initially PCR-amplified and inserted into bacterial expression vector. Expression of recombinant protein was performed in Bl21 strain of Escherichia coli. Purification was carried out under native conditions and the accuracy of recombinant protein production was confirmed by electrophoresis. The purified recombinant coat protein of CpCDV was used for immunization of rabbit. Purification of immunoglobulin molecules was performed by affinity chromatography using protein A column followed by conjugating of IgG to alkaline phosphatase enzyme. The capability of purified antibodies and conjugates for efficient detection of infected plants was assessed by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA), western blotting and dot immunosorbent assay (DIBA). These results proved that prepared IgG and conjugate are able to distinguish with high efficiency CpCDV infected plants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report for production of anti-CpCDV antibodies raised through recombinant protein technology.}, Keywords = {antibody, chickpea, CpCDV, ELISA, recombinant protein}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {179-190}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-26806-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-26806-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Fatemy, Seddigheh and Ahmarimoghadam, Pegah}, title = {The role of some agricultural crops and weeds on decline of potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis and their possible use as trap crops}, abstract ={The potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis (PCN) causes severe damage to potato production worldwide. The stimulatory effects of root diffusates of 9 plant families on hatch of second stage juveniles (J2) of PCN and their possible use as trap crops were studied. In the laboratory, cysts were placed in leachates from roots and hatched J2s were collected weekly; in addition, the selected plants were grown in soil for 3 months and the rates of decline of eggs from inoculated cysts, were determined in two experiments with various plant species. Species of Solanaceae, such as the susceptible potato cultivar Marfona, tomato and the resistant potato cultivar Agria, induced 84%, 75% and 65% hatch respectively. Moreover, considerable hatching (49%-70%) was caused by exposure to root exudates of weeds of Solanum nigrum and S. villosum. Among non-host and non-Solanaceae plants, 11-32% of J2s hatched in root exudates of treatments of wheat, corn and barley in soil. There were differences in the rates of decline of J2 populations caused by the different plant species examined. In S. sisymbriifolium (a non-host species of Solanaceae) treatment, the density of encysted eggs declined by 62%. The potential of aforementioned plant species, the resistant cv Agria and some other tested plant species as suitable trap crops are further discussed; and in conclusion, the use of the trap crops could be an important component of PCN management program in Iran. }, Keywords = {Decline rate, golden potato cyst nematode, non–Solanaceae plants, Solanum sisymbrifolium}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {191-200}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-27042-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-27042-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Razmjou, Jabraeil and Jafary, Mahdieh and Borzoui, Ehs}, title = {Host plant preference and life table of Brevicoryne brassicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)}, abstract ={The antibiosis, host preference in free-choice situation, and digestive enzyme activity of Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were evaluated in the laboratory (25 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5% R. H. with a 14-h day) on nine host plants: broccoli, canola (leaf, flower, and pod), cauliflower, kohlrabi, radish, red cabbage and white cabbage. The antibiosis test was based on life table parameters and the experiment started with 50 replicates for each host plant using clip cages. The immature survival varied from 34% on red cabbage to 78% on cauliflower. The viviparous aphids reared on rapeseed (flower) had the highest GRR and R0 values, and those on red cabbage had the lowest GRR and R0 values. Also, aphids reared on rapeseed (flower) had significantly higher rm value. The lowest rm value was obtained when individuals fed upon red cabbage. In host preference experiment, rapeseed (leaf) attracted the significantly higher number of adults as opposed to radish, which attracted the lower number of adults. Females who came from nymphs reared on rapeseed (flower) were heavier than other hosts. The growth index of nymphs varied from 0.035 to 0.103, with the minimum on red cabbage and the maximum on cauliflower. The amylolytic activity in adults was higher on rapeseed (flower) and the lowest on red cabbage. In addition, the highest and lowest proteolytic activity was on rapeseed (flower) and red cabbage, respectively. The results of this study indicated that red cabbage was an unsuitable host for feeding of B. brassicae.}, Keywords = {Brassica plants, digestive enzymes activity, life table parameters, plant resistance, the cabbage aphid}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {201-214}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-17993-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-17993-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Kazerani, Farzaneh and Farashiani, Mohammad Ebrahim and Alazmani, Mohammad and Farahani, Samira and Khaleghi, Seyed Naghi and KordMohammadi, Mahmoud and Zeinali, Sattar and KouhjaniGorji, Mina and Ahangaran, Yazdanfar}, title = {Sex pheromone traps for detection of Cydalima perspectalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Hyrcanian forests, Iran}, abstract ={The efficacy of sex pheromone traps for detection of Cydalima perspectalis (Walker) (Lepidoptera Crambidae) was assessed in 2017 in Cheshmeh-Bolbol Box Reservoir (Golestan province, Iran). Monitoring was done from May to September and three flight peaks were determined. No significant difference was observed between colors as well as heights of installing pheromone Traps for capturing C. perspectalis. The results confirmed the efficiency of pheromone traps in decreasing damages of Box tree moth. Also, best time for chemical and pheromone control was assessed.    }, Keywords = {Cydalima perspectalis, Pheromone trap, Box tree, Golestan, Iran}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {215-222}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-24207-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-24207-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Boufares, Khaled and Hassani, Abdelkrim and Alem, Aicha Somi}, title = {Essential oil composition and antimicrobial activities of some Cupressaceae species from Algeria against two phytopathogenic microorganisms}, abstract ={The objective of this work is to determine the chemical composition of essential oils of four Cupressaceae species and to bring out some of their antimicrobial activities. For this purpose, the extraction of essential oils was carried out by hydrodistillation and the obtained oils varied from 0.4% to 0.91%, with a better yield for Cupressus sempervirens equal to 0.91%. The chromatographic analyses revealed that the chemical composition of Juniperus phoenicea, Juniperus oxycedrus and C. sempervirens is largely dominated by monoterpenes at rates higher than 34% with majority of α-pinene like component. In addition, the results of the antibacterial activity showed a significant inhibitory effect of essential oils, particularly those of J. phoenicea was found to be the most active with values of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) equal to 50μg/ml. Moreover, the mycelial growth inhibition confirms that essential oils of J. phoenicea and J. oxycedrus are most effective, with values of MIC equal to 1000μg/ml for both. These antimicrobial properties would be due to the richness of these essences in bioactive compounds such as the terpenoids, polyphenols and alkaloids known for their implication in the plants self-defense. Consequently, the inhibitory effect of these essential oils on the microbial development suggests prospects for their application as natural and safe alternatives to synthetic compounds for plant protection.    }, Keywords = {Biorational pesticides, Chromatography, Hydrodistillation, Pseudomonas, Fusarium}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {223-234}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-24193-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-24193-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Namakikhameneh, Roya and Khaghaninia, Samad and L.Disney, R. Henry}, title = {Records of species of Megaselia Rondani 1856 (Diptera: Phoridae) from West Azerbaijan province including new records for Iran}, abstract ={Among specimens collected from West Azerbaijan province- Iran, during 2011-2017, fourteen species of the genus Megaselia Rondani 1856 were identified. Twelve species (Megaselia aculeate (Schmitz, 1919), M. annulipes (Schmitz, 1921), M. brevicostalis (Wood, 1910), M. giraudii (Egger, 1862), M. hendersoni Disney, 1979, M. hirticaudata (Wood, 1910), M. meconicera (Speiser, 1925), M. minuta (Aldrich, 1892), M. pleuralis (Wood, 1909), M. plurispinulosa (Zetterstedt, 1860), M. subnudipennis (Schmitz, 1919) and M. verralli (Wood, 1910)) are being newly reported from Iran. A key to the studied species along with their geographical distributions and supplementary figures are given.  }, Keywords = {Phoridae, Megaselia, New records, West Azerbaijan province, Iran}, volume = {8}, Number = {2}, pages = {235-242}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-24292-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-24292-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Ghaderi, Rez}, title = {The damage potential of pin nematodes, Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 sensu lato spp. (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae)}, abstract ={The genus Paratylenchus sensu lato includes members belonging to the genera Paratylenchus sensustricto (species with 10 to 40µm long stylet), Gracilacus (species with 40-120µm long stylet), Gracilpaurus (species having cuticular punctuations) and Paratylenchoides (species having sclerotized cephalic framework). Long stylet species become swollen and feed as sedentary parasites of roots, some feed from cortex of perennial host roots, but most species feed as sedentary ectoparasites on roots. In other words, species with stylet shorter than 40µm commonly feed on epidermal cells, whilst the species with longer stylet nourish primarily in cortical tissue, without penetration into the plant tissue. In general, pin nematodes, Paratylenchus spp. are parasites of higher plants with a higher abundance in the rhizosphere of trees and perennials. In present review, an attempt is made to document published information on the pathogenicity and damage potential of the pin nematodes to plants.  }, Keywords = {Gracilacus, damage, pathogenicity, perennials, pin nematodes, population, trees}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {243-257}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-24680-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-24680-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Ajayi.Oladipo(neeAjayi), Olufunmilayo E. and A.Oyeniyi, Emmanuel and E.Aribisala, Tomilol}, title = {Toxicity and biochemical mechanisms underlying the insecticidal efficacy of two plant extracts on Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: ‎Chrysomelidae) infesting cowpea seeds}, abstract ={The quest for new sources of cheap and eco-friendly insecticide for insect pest management remains a major challenge facing cowpea farmers in many developing countries. In this study, the toxicity and biochemical mechanisms associated with the insecticidal efficacy of acetone and n-hexane extracts of Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) and Senna occidentalis (L.) on Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) were investigated. The insecticidal efficacy varied with concentration, exposure time and extracts type. Acetone extract of X. aethiopica was less toxic (LD50 = 2.47%) than its n-hexane extract (LD50 = 1.39%) but with S. occidentalis, acetone extract was more toxic (LD50 = 0.73%) than n-hexane extract (LD50 = 1.37%). Acetone extract of both plants evoked a significant reduction in egg-laying and eclosion ability of adult C. chinensis compared to n-hexane extract except on cowpea pre-treated with acetone extract of S. occidentalis. Only the extracts of X. aethiopica reduced protein concentration compared to control. The activity of glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase was significantly reduced by both extracts of S. occidentalis while only n-hexane extract of S. occidentalis elicited a significant reduction in the activity of glutathione S-transferase and trehalase compared to other treatment levels. GC-MS analysis depicted Diisoocotyl phthalate (50.37%) and isomers of Aromandendrene (19.22%) as the main compounds in S. occidentalis and X. aethiopica respectively. Both botanical extracts also contained other insecticidal and insectifuge compounds in differential amounts. Overall, the findings demonstrated the potential of both botanical extracts, particularly acetone extract of S. occidentalis as alternatives to synthetic insecticide for controlling adult C. chinensis.  }, Keywords = { Xylopia aethiopica, Senna occidentalis, Glutathione reductase, Glutathione peroxidase, Insectifuge}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {259-274}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-28980-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-28980-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Vatankhah, Masoumeh and Saberi-Riseh, Roohallah and MoradzadehEskandari, Mojtaba and Afzali, Hami}, title = {Evaluation of some fungicides for the control of Fusarium dry rot of potato}, abstract ={Five fungicides, with active ingredients azoxystrobin, imazalil, thiabendazole, azoxystrobin + difenoconazole and fludioxonil + difenoconazole, were tested against two isolates of Fusarium solani and two isolates of F. oxysporum, causing potato dry rot in Mashhad region. PDA media amended with the fungicides significantly inhibited the mycelia growth of all Fusarium isolates incubated at 25 °C for 7 days; however only Imazalil and Thiabendazole completely stopped the mycelia growth of all fungal isolates even at their lower concentration (40 and 5ppm respectively). The mean penetration of F. solani FPO-67 and F. oxysporum FPO-39, the more virulent of the four isolates, after 21 days of incubation at 25-27 °C indicated that imazalil and thiabendazole at concentrations of 1.5 and 2/1000, completely inhibited the penetration of F. oxysporum FPO-39 into potato tubers, but in the case of F. solani FPO-67 all treatments (1, 1.5 and 2/1000) significantly reduced the development of dry rot compared to untreated control. In natural condition, tuber treatment with Imazalil and Thiabendazole (2/1000), prior storage, reduced F. solani FPO-67 development by 68 and 71.69% respectively. According to the results, these fungicides could play a role in integrated pest management against tuber-borne fungal pathogens.    }, Keywords = {Azoxystrobin, Difenoconazole, Fludioxonil, F. oxysporum, F. solani, Imazalil, Mashhad, Thiabendazole}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {275-285}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-23405-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-23405-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {MoayyedMazraeh, Fatemeh and Khaghaninia, Samad and Iranipour, Shahzad and Yavuzkilic, Ali}, title = {Faunistic study of the subfamilies Pangoniinae and Chrysopsinae (Dip., Tabanidae) of East Azarbaijan province-Iran}, abstract ={The subfamily Pangoniinae including the species Pangonius pyritosus Loew, 1859 as well as the species Chrysops hamatuus Loew, 1858 (Chrysopsinae) are recorded for the first time for Iranian fauna. Diagnostic characters besides supplementary photos of the new records are provided. }, Keywords = {Tabanidae, New records, Pangonius, Chrysops}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {287-291}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-23895-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-23895-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Salahlou, Reza and Safaie, Naser and Shams-Bakhsh, Masou}, title = {Using ISSR and URP-PCR markers in detecting genetic diversity among Macrophomina phaseolina isolates of sesame in Iran}, abstract ={To assess the variability of Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid, the causal agent of charcoal rot of Sesame, sixty isolates recovered from ten geographic regions, were analyzed using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and universal rice primer (URP) markers. Isolates were grouped into eight clusters at 78% genetic similarity level. Our results showed that the five ISSR primers produced 105 bands of which 77.11% were polymorphic and eight URP-PCR primers generated 135 bands of which 66.84% were polymorphic. These methods showed a considerable genetic diversity among Iranian isolates, but no correlation was found between genetic diversity and geographical origins of the isolates. Analysis of molecular variance revealed that a large proportion of genetic variability resulted from the differences among isolates within regions. The findings of this study demonstrated that the low-genetic differentiation (GST) and high gene flow (Nm) among populations had a significant effect on the emergence and evolutionary development of M. phaseolina.    }, Keywords = {charcoal rot, Sesamum indicum, DNA fingerprinting, population genetics}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {293-309}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-26277-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-26277-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Alikhani, Maryam and Safavi, Seyed Ali and Iranipour, Shahz}, title = {Predation response of Nabis pseudoferus (Hemiptera: Nabidae) on untreated and Metarhizium anisopliae-treated larvae of Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechidae)}, abstract ={Functional response is an important behavioral characteristic of prey-predator interactions that can be utilized for assessing impact of natural enemies. In this research, the functional response of Nabis pseudoferus Remane females was examined to the third-instar larvae of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) which were exposed to LC30 (2.03 × 104 conidia/ml) values of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin isolate DEMI 001. Six densities of the prey (1, 2, 4, 8, 10 and 16) were exposed to the predator (0, 24, 48 and 72 h) after inoculation. N. pseudoferus exhibited a type II functional response to prey density in all treatments, indicating that predation increases asymptotically to a satiation level. The highest and the lowest attack rates (a) were 0.1052 ± 0.0440 and 0.0509 ± 0.0133h-1 for 48h and 72h post-infection treatments, respectively. Maximum theoretical predation rate (T/Th) was estimated 10.96 in control. Our results suggest that M. anisopliae and N. pseudoferus, can be a useful combination in pest management of tomato leaf miner, although it must be confirmed in field condition.    }, Keywords = {Functional response, Attack rate, N. pseudoferus, T. absoluta, M. anisopliae}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {311-322}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-27095-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-27095-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Shahbazi, Samira and Mojerlou, Shideh}, title = {The synergistic interactions of cellulase enzyme activities of Trichoderma species in colloidal cellulose bioconversion}, abstract ={In this study the cellulytic activity of different species of Iranian Trichoderma isolates including Trichoderma harzianum (NAS-H101), T. aureoviride (NAS-AV106), T. pleuroticola (NAS-P109), T. longibrachiatum (NAS-L110), T. ghanens (NAS-K108), T. virens (NAS- Vi114), T. atroviride (NAS-A113) and T. atroviride (NAS-A112) was studied. The extracellular protein concentration of these isolates was determined by the dye binding method of Bradford. The molecular weight of cellulase enzymes was studied using SDS-PAGE. The lowest extracellular protein production was observed in NAS-K108. The highest Endo and Exo-glucanase activity were observed in NAS-L110 and NAS-A113, respectively. The SDS-PAGE profiles had several enzyme bands such as cellobiohydrolases, endoglucanases and β-glucosidases. The NAS-K108and NAS-P109 had both enzyme bands of CBH I and CBH II, but other isolates had only a sharp enzyme band correlated to CBH I or CBH II. The highest synergy was observed in FPase of NAS-A112, that contained a large amount of Cel 6A (CBH II) and a minor amount of Cel 7B (EG I). The results indicated that NAS-A113 overproduces cellulases, ß-glycosidase, and the extracellular enzymes, which suggest that this species might be utilized as a biological agent and or a source of enzymes for cellulose degradation in colloidal cellulose.  }, Keywords = {Cellulase enzyme, Trichoderma spp., SDS-PAGE}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {323-337}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-32712-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-32712-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {A.M.Abdelgaleil, Samir and A.AL-Eryan, Mohamed and EL-Minshawy, Abdelaziz and G.Gadelhak, Gadelhak and A.Rabab, Rafi}, title = {Toxicity, developmental and histological effects of monoterpenes on peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae)}, abstract ={In the present study, the toxicity of three oxygenated monoterpenes, viz., (R)-carvone, (R)-camphor and (1R, 2S, 5R)-menthol was evaluated against the adults of the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders). Effects of these monoterpenes on oviposition, adult longevity and ovarian development have also been studied. The tested compounds revealed strong toxic effect against the adults of B. zonata. Nevertheless, (-)-carvone showed higher insecticidal activity than (1R, 2S, 5R)-menthol and (R)-camphor. Moreover, the tested monoterpenes induced significant reduction in female longevity at 20 and 50 mg/kg compared with control, with (-)-carvone being the most effective monoterpene. In addition, egg deposition was completely inhibited when the adults were treated with (-)-carvone at 20 and 50 mg/kg, and (1R, 2S, 5R)-menthol and (R)-camphor at 50 mg/kg. Histological studies indicated that monoterpenes induced delay in the development of ovarioles of females that fed on artificial diet treated with 20 and 50 mg/kg of compounds. Changes, such as empty egg chambers; constricted germarium, vacant spaces between ovarioles and failure of oocyte formation were observed.}, Keywords = {Bactrocera zonata, monoterpenes, toxicity, fecundity, ovarian development}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {339-349}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-27620-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-27620-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Taghikhani, Nasrin and Fathipour, Yaghoub and Bagheri, Abdoolnabi and Talebi, Ali Asghar}, title = {Generation-dependent fitness of the parasitoid wasp Trichogramma brassicae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) in laboratory and insectarium condition}, abstract ={Deep understanding of biological and behavioral characteristics of trichogrammatid wasps, helps us for better and more efficient rearing of these parasitoids. In the current study, Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) was reared on Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) for several generations and the effect of long-term rearing of the parasitoid on some of its attributes like parasitism capability, emergence rate, sex ratio, and wingless rate of adults was determined in both laboratory and insectarium conditions. The laboratory investigation showed that long-term rearing decreased fitness of the parasitoid, so that, parasitism rate and adult emergence rate decreased. By contrast, sex ratio and number of wingless individuals increased with increasing generations. Our results in insectarium were a little different. However, adult emergence rate had significant difference and trichocards quality decreased with increasing generations. The sex ratio in different periods had no significant difference. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in wingless rate in different rearing time periods. Accordingly, the parasitoid’s fitness was affected by number of generations in both conditions. Although, mass rearing under laboratory condition provided wasps with more desired traits than those reared in insectary, both decreased fitness of T. brassicae when number of generations increased.  }, Keywords = {Angoumois grain moth, long-term rearing, parasitoid fitness, Sitotroga cerealella}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {351-359}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-28337-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-28337-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Gacemi, Abdelhammid and Taibi, Ahmed and Abed, Nour El Houda and M'hammediBouzina, Mahfoud and Bellague, Djamel and Tarmoul, Kheirddine}, title = {Effect of four host plants on nutritional performance of cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)}, abstract ={Effects of four vegetable host plants, artichoke, cabbage, potato and tomato on nutritional indices of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval) (Lep.: Noctuidae), were studied under laboratory conditions (25 ± 1 °C, 65 ± 5% RH, with a 16: 8 L: D photoperiod). Fourth instar reared on tomato showed the highest approximate digestibility (AD) (90.406 ± 1.125%) and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) (30.249 ± 4.128%). The highest values of efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) and ECI of fifth instars (38.663 ± 4.34 and 20.083 ± 1.581%, respectively) were on artichoke and the lowest of both values on cabbage (ECD: 6.314 ± 1.128 and ECI: 5.448 ± 1.052%).The 3rd to 6th instars as a whole showed the highest ECD and ECI values on tomato (23.412 ± 2.252 and 19.845 ± 1.798%, respectively). However, the highest and lowest values of consumption index (CI) were on cabbage (33.943 ± 2.669) and tomato (6.145 ± 0.578). The highest values of relative consumption rate (RCR) and (AD) were obtained on cabbage (1.49 ± 0.109 mg/mg/day and 86.431 ± 1.141%, respectively). The results of nutritional indices and the cluster analysis indicate that tomato was nutritionally the most suitable food for S. littoralis.  }, Keywords = {Host plants, Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Nutritional indices, Spodoptera littoralis}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {361-371}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-23029-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-23029-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Khavand, Mohammad and Minaei, Kambiz and Atashi, Hadi}, title = {Comparison of trapped western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) to yellow and blue sticky traps in three different heights on two greenhouse rose cultivars}, abstract ={  Abstract: Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), an important pest in rose greenhouses, has several generations per year, and in addition to direct feeding damage to rose flowers it also transmits tospoviruses. Because of resistance to insecticides, alternative strategies are needed to manage this pest, including trapping. In this study, trapping by sticky traps of two different colours (blue and yellow) was experimented at three different heights (at canopy level, and 20 cm above and below canopy level) on two rose cultivars (Red one and Avalanche). The numbers of trapped thrips were counted after five days. The number on the blue sticky traps, regardless of their height of placement and type of cultivar, was significantly higher than that on the yellow traps. Number of thrips on blue traps at 20 cm above the canopy was significantly higher than on blue traps at the other levels in both cultivars. In contrast, the number of thrips that were trapped in yellow sticky tarps in various heights as well as cultivars was not significantly different.  }, Keywords = {Frankliniella occidentalis, Rose, Colour sticky trap, Height, Greenhouse}, volume = {8}, Number = {3}, pages = {373-377}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-18591-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-18591-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Davoodi, Abbas and Panjekeh, Naser and Moslemkhani, Kobra and Taheri, Abdolhossei}, title = {Detection and molecular characterization of tomato big bud disease in Qazvin province}, abstract ={Some samples were collected from tomato fields in Qazvin from tomato plants with big bud symptoms such as plant droop and purplish vein under the leaf, enlarged and sac-like pistils and malformed buds. DNA was extracted from the veins and vascular tissues of the plant with CTAB-based methods. In symptomatic plants, DNA fragments of 1800 and 1200bp were amplified by PCR using P1/P7, R16F2n/R16R2 primers. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of nested R16F2n/R16R2 primed PCR product (1200bp) showed that the tomato big bud phytoplasma from Qazvin (TOM-Qazvin) is a member of clover proliferation (16SrVI). Phylogenetic analysis of 16SrRNA and putative restriction site analysis of the R16F2n/R16R2 primed sequence classified TOM phytoplasma in clover proliferation (16SrVI) group and belonged to subgroup 16SrVI-A. Virtual RFLP by using 1200bp sequencing of 16SRNA and 17 restriction enzymes confirmed that TOM-Qazvin belonged to the subgroup 16SrVI-A and16SrVI group. To our knowledge, this is the first report of tomato big bud disease in Qazvin province.}, Keywords = {big bud, iphyclassifier, RFLP, tomato, phytoplasma}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {379-388}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-30554-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-30554-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {RahimiNamin, Forough and Nouri-Ganbalani, Gadir and Naseri, Bahram and Razmjou, Jabraeil}, title = {Effect of different barley cultivars on nutritional physiology of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)}, abstract ={Red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), is a cosmopolitan and serious pest of cereal grains and their products in storage. In this research, nutritional indices and digestive enzymatic activity of T. castaneum fourth instar and adults were studied on ten barley cultivars (Fajr30, Behrokh, Sahra, Makuyi, Neek, Lout, Bahman, Nosrat, Abidar, and Sahand) at 30 ± 1 °C, relative humidity of 75 ± 5% and darkness conditions. The results showed that fourth instars and adults reared on cultivars Makuyi and Fajr30 had the lowest weight gain, efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), relative growth rate and growth rate (GR) values. However, T. castaneum fed on cultivar Lout showed the highest weight gain, ECI and GR. The highest amylolytic activity of larvae was on cultivar Bahman, whereas the lowest activity was on cultivars Makuyi and Neek. Amylolytic activity of adults was the highest on cultivar Makuyi, and the lowest on cultivar Lout. Moreover, proteolytic activity of fourth instar was the highest when larvae were fed on cultivar Sahra and the lowest when they were fed on cultivars Behrokh and Makuyi. The highest proteolytic activity of adults was on cultivar Abidar, and the lowest on cultivar Bahman. The results of this study indicated that cultivars Fajr30 and Makuyi were less nutritive and cultivar Lout was more nutritive to T. castaneum. Therefore, more attention should be paid to manage the pest on cultivar Lout as a susceptible cultivar.  }, Keywords = {Nutritional index, digestive enzyme, barley, red flour beetle}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {389-402}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-30366-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-30366-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Zolfaghari, Maryam and Ghadamyari, Mohammad and HassanSajedi, Rez}, title = {Resistance mechanisms of a field population of diamond back moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) to current organophosphate pesticides}, abstract ={The toxicological and biochemical properties of four organophosphate (OP) insecticides, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, phosalone and dichlorvos, were examined in terms of the diamond back moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) susceptible (Gu-S) and resistant (Kar-R) to OPs. The Kar-R population had significantly high resistance to chlorpyriphos (69.3 fold), medium resistance to diazinon (14.49-fold) and phosalone (10.3-fold), and had less resistance to dichlorvos (5.17-fold) compared to Gu-S population. DEM and TPP reduced Chlopyrifos resistance of Kar-R population as an inhibitor of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and esterases (EST), respectively. Biochemical studies clarified that GST and EST kinetic parameters in the Kar-R population were significantly higher than parameters of Gu-S population. Moreover, this study examined the Kinetics of hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine iodide, butyrylthiocholine iodide as artificial substrates by AChE of resistant and susceptible population. IC50 of monocrotophos, neostigmine bromide and eserine were also determined on AChE of resistant and susceptible populations. Kinetic analysis and inhibition tests indicated that an alteration in AChE of Kar-R population has an effect on both kinetic and inhibition results. The results distinctly showed that multiple mechanisms such as GST, esterases and altered AChE created chlorpyrifos resistance in the Kar-R and insensitivity of AChE is a significant factor for resistance to conventional OP compounds.  }, Keywords = {Plutella xylostella, organophosphate pesticides, biochemical mechanisms, detoxification enzymes, acetylcholinesterase}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {403-416}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-36150-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-36150-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Raeisi, Hamideh and Safarnejad, Mohammad Reza and Alavi, Seyed Mehdi and Farrokhi, Naser and Elahinia, Seyed Ali and Safarpour, Hossein and Sharifian, Farshi}, title = {Development and molecular analyses of Xanthomonas pthA specific scFv recombinant monoclonal antibodies}, abstract ={The Xanthomonas citri pv. citri (Xcc) is causal agent of bacterial citrus canker which is major disease of citrus throughout the world. The pthA bacterial effector protein is presented within the infected plants and indispensable of canker. The scFv antibodies are valuable tools for diagnosis and suppression of pathogens within plants. The present article describes developing and characterization of specific recombinant monoclonal scFv antibodies against pthA effector protein. For this aim, the gene encoding pthA protein was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and used for screening of Tomlinson phage display antibody library to pinpoint specific single chain variable fragment (scFv). In each round of panning, the affinity of phage towards pthA was checked by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data was indicative of about 50% of the monoclonal phages to be reactive strongly against pthA protein. Among the positive clones, 5 samples (A12, B8, C1, H8 and G8) were capable of detecting Xcc-infected plant samples and recombinant pthA protein. Restriction fragment length polymorphism showed similar banding pattern for all 5 scFvs as renamed to pthA-scFG8. HB2151 E. coli cells were infected by the phage bearing pthA-scFG8, and the expression of the peptide was induced by IPTG to produce a 30 kDa recombinant molecule. I-TASSER was used for homology modeling of both scFv and pthA and docking was carried out by Hex program. The latter demonstrated binding energy of −784 kcal/mol in scFv-pthA. }, Keywords = {Biopanning, citrus bacterial canker, phage display, single chain fragment variable}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {417-429}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-33200-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-33200-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Mirab-balou, Majid and Mahmoudi, Majid and Miri, Behz}, title = {Fauna and species diversity of thrips (Insecta: Thysanoptera) on Montpellier maple trees Acer monspessulanum in Zagros forests of Ilam province, Iran}, abstract ={Montpellier maple Acer monspessulanum L. is one of the trees in Zagros forests (Iran) which is host to several economically important thrips species. The purpose of this study was to find the fauna of thrips on Montpellier maple trees in Ilam province, western Iran, during 2015-2016. The abundance and species diversity of thrips were examined twice a month via standard sweep net and shaking flowers and leaves to white plastic tray at two location sites including Gachan and Manesht Mountains. Out of the 7062 thrips specimens that were collected, 16 thrips species were identified, which belonged to 10 genera and four families. The estimated domination coefficient showed that in both sites Taeniothrips inconsequens Uzel was eudominant and onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman was dominant species. There were 5 and 4 species classified as subdominant for Gachan and Manasht, respectively. Four predatory thrips were found on Montpellier maple trees including Aeolothrips intermedius Bagnall, Scolothrips longicornis Priesner, Haplothrips flavitibia Williams and H. globiceps. Of these, A. intermedius was the most abundant predator in both collection sites, whereas others showed a low population density. According to diversity index calculations, the Shannon diversity, Pielou’s evenness and Margalef’s species richness indices were 1.83, 0.68 and 1.67 for Gachan, and 1.48, 0.62 and 1.26 for Manesht, respectively. }, Keywords = {Thrips, diversity, population}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {431-439}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-25506-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-25506-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Mahbobinejhad, Zohre and Aminian, Heshmatolah and Ebrahimi, Leila and Vahdati, Kourosh}, title = {Reduction of aflatoxin production by exposing Aspergillus flavus to CO2}, abstract ={Aspergillus flavus is a saprophytic fungus contaminating different food and nut products by aflatoxin which is a major problem worldwide. Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) could be an effective method for control of saprophytic fungi and their toxins and secondary metabolites production. This study gives the consequences of fungal isolates growing under MAP condition on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Two isolates of A. flavus (A42 and CHAO50) were packed under 100% CO2, 100% O2 and vacuum conditions. The mycelial growth of fungal isolates on PDA was controlled up to 80% with CO2 treatment. Under the vacuum condition, mycelial growth of the isolates was inhibited up to 30%, while 100% oxygen had no inhibition on mycelial growth. Examination of isolates A42 and CHAO50 under UV light showed that both isolates produced yellow pigments on aflatoxin producing ability (APA) medium after 10 days. The levels of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2 and total aflatoxin were analyzed chromatographically. The results revealed that the highest concentration of total aflatoxin was produced by fungal isolates grown in an atmosphere of 100% O2, while the level of aflatoxins was significantly reduced in 100% CO2. }, Keywords = {Keywords: HPLC, modified atmosphere, aflatoxin, vacuum condition}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {441-448}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-32452-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-32452-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Noureddine, Rouag and Abed, Hannane and Dahou, Moutassam and Mehmah, Selma and Benabid, Sabri}, title = {Antifungal activity of isolated Bacillus species against chickpea Fusarium wilt}, abstract ={Biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris by six Bacillus species was evaluated. Also plant growth promoting potential of the bacteria was assessed. Results showed that four bacterial strains produced the chitinase and cellulase enzymes and all isolates produced indole acetic acid. Bacillus licheniformis proved to be the most productive of hydrogen cyanide and particularly, Bacillus firmus solubilized phosphorus on Pikovskaya solid and liquid media. The majority of strains were able to produce siderophore and three produced NH3. Results showed that the Flip05-156C chickpea variety was less susceptible to Foc isolates compared to Flip93-93C and there was a clear difference in pathogenicity of the Foc isolates. Thus, Foc1 and Foc2 isolates caused 31.25% and 41.66%, plant mortality, respectively. As regards PGPR effect, results showed that B. licheniformis gave the best branching number, stem length and root weight of both chickpea varieties. However, Bacillus lentus distinctly improved the root length while Bacillus amyloliquefaciens improved weight of the vegetative parts.}, Keywords = {biocontrol, pathogenicity, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {449-464}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-25109-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-25109-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Shahriari, Amir Ghaffar and GhodoumParizipour, Mohamad Hame}, title = {Antiviral activity of aqueous extract of alligator plant, Bryophyllum daigremontianum L., against RNA and DNA plant viruses}, abstract ={Here we showed that aqueous extract of alligator plant, Bryophyllum daigremontianum L., is able to inhibit systemic and local infection of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV: family Virgaviridae) in broad bean, Vicia faba L., nettle-leaved goosefoot, Chenopodium murale L., and tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum var. Turkish, N. tabacum var. Xanthi and N. glutinosa L., hosts. Antiviral activity of the extract was retained for a period of 8 days on treated broad bean and tobacco leaves. This activity was negatively correlated with the extract concentration, and it was completely lost by washing the treated leaves of tobacco plants 2 h post application, and was ineffective when applied 24 h post inoculation. No inhibitory effect was found against agro-inoculated strain of Beet curly top virus (BCTV: family Geminiviridae) on sugarbeet, Beta vulgaris L., seedlings. To determine the antiviral agent, Bryophyllum bulk protein designated BBP was isolated from the extract. BBP exhibited RNase activity against total RNA of TMV-infected tobacco tissues and genomic RNA of TMV while it failed to degrade genomic DNA of BCTV. Additionally, BBP completely inhibited TMV on N. glutinosa leaves at concentration of 40 μg/ml. These results suggest that a ribonuclease is mainly responsible for antiviral activity of alligator plant extract. To our knowledge, this is the first report on inhibitory effect of alligator plant extract on a plant virus. This plant species can be considered as a promising source for antiviral proteins in order to develop plant-derived compounds for effective control of plant mosaic diseases caused by TMV.}, Keywords = {Tobamovirus, Curtovirus, RNase activity, virus inhibition, antiviral protein}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {465-478}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-31331-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-31331-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Naghizadeh, Samira and Rafiee-Dastjerdi, Hooshang and Naseri, Bahram and Golizadeh, Ali and Esmaielpour, Behrouz}, title = {Insecticidal activity of essential oils from Artemisia absinthium L., Artemisia dracunculus L. and Achillea millefolium L. against Phthorimaea operculella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)}, abstract ={The potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) is one of the important pests of solanaceous plants, especially potato Solanum tuberosum L., in many temperate areas of the world including Iran. In this study, essential oils were extracted from Artemisia absinthium L., Achillea millefolium L. and Artemisia dracunculus L. using Clevenger apparatus. One-day-old eggs were treated by sublethal concentrations (LC30) of essential oils, and their effects were studied on reproductive parameters and population growth parameters. Probit analysis of ovicidal effects showed that LC50 values for A. absinthium, A. millefolium and A. dracunculuswere 2.60, 2.36 and 1.08 µl/l air, respectively. The percentage of larval penetration into potato tubers was lower than untreated control. The values of intrinsic rate of increase (rm) in control and treatments of A. absinthium, A. millefolium and A. dracunculus were 0.107, 0.079, 0.081 and 0.087 day-1, respectively. The results of this study showed that tested essential oils have a good potential to protect stored potatoes from P. operculella infestation.    }, Keywords = { Phthorimaea operculella, reproductive parameters, Solanum tuberosum, population parameters, sublethal concentration}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {479-489}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-23118-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-23118-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Shujaei, Kamal and Azaryar, Mahdi and Hajizadeh, Mohamm}, title = {Characterization and genetic variability of coat protein gene of Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus isolates from apple in Kurdistan and western Azarbaijan Provinces, Iran}, abstract ={In this study, 174 leaf samples from main apple growing areas in Kurdistan and western Azarbaijan Provinces were examined for infection by Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV). The result of RT-PCR showed that 17 samples (9.7%) were infected by ACLSV in both provinces. Subsequently, the genetic structure of ACLSV was determined based on the full coat protein (CP) sequences of eight isolates from this study and those recently published from Iran and worldwide. In phylogenetic analysis, ACLSV isolates from apple clustered into three known phylogenetic types; B6, P205, and SHZ, which are characterized by three amino acids at positions of 40, 75 and 79. The new Iranian ACLSV isolates showed the CP amino acid sequence of Ser40-Tyr75-Glu79 which placed them with the B6 type. Further analyses showed that the Iranian ACLSV isolates (the new and previously published isolates) had lower genetic variability compared to isolates from other countries except for Brazilian population. Most of the CP codons were under negative selection (dN/dS < 1) except for one codon at position 92 which was under positive selection. This study suggests that negative selection was most important evolutionary factor driving the genetic evolution of ACLSV.  }, Keywords = {apple, negative selection, phylogenetic analysis, ACLSV}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {491-500}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-35452-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-35452-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Heydarzade, Arezoo and Valizadegan, Orouj and Negahban, Maryam and Mehrkhou, Farib}, title = {Efficacy of Mentha spicata and Mentha pulegium essential oil nanoformulation on mortality and physiology of Tribolium castaneum (Col.: Tenebrionidae)}, abstract ={Recently, the methods that improve essential oils (EOs) properties and make them appropriate to be applied as biorational pesticides have been regarded more precisely. The essential oils nanoformulation (EONF) is a promising strategy to develop and facilitate the applicability of the EOs in stored pest management. In this study, the toxicity, antifeedant and physiological effects of Mentha spicata L. and Mentha pulegium L. EOs and their NFs was investigated on the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Characterization of nanocapsules using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the nanocapsules were spherical in shape with the average sizes of 56.91 and 98.99 nm for M. spicata and M. pulegium EONF, respectively. The encapsulation efficiency obtained was 95.47 and 86.03% for M. spicata and M. pulegium EONF, respectively. After 72 h, the LC50 values of the EOs and NF of M. spicata were 18.422 and 9.279 µl/ml and 7.939 and 6.793 µl/ml for M. pulegium, respectively. The results confirmed that the feeding indices of T. castaneum were affected by the EOs and their NFs. In addition, both the EOs and EONF decreased the relative growth rate (RGR) and relative consumption rate (RCR) and had a moderate feeding deterrent activity on the adults of T. castaneum. The EOs and their NFs decreased the general esterase, acetylcholine esterase, α-amylase and general protease and increased the glutathione S-transferases activity of T. castaneum. The overall findings of this research suggest that the NF of the EOs (especially M. pulegium) can be used for an efficient control of T. castaneum. }, Keywords = {encapsulation, enzymatic activities, essential oil, feeding indices, toxicity}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {501-520}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-34193-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-34193-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Jalaeian, Mahdi and Zamani, Sheyvan and Farahpour-Haghani, Atous}, title = {First report of damage caused by white-spotted stink bug, Eysarcoris ventralis (Westwood) (Hem.: Pentatomidae) on rice in Iran}, abstract ={White-Spotted Stink bug, Eysarcoris ventralis (Westwood) (Hem.: Pentatomidae) was reported as one of the major destructive pests attacking rice worldwide. In Iran, it has been recorded on weeds, grape, alfalfa and wheat. In a survey on rice pests in Guilan province (Northern Iran) during 2017-2018, a large number of adult stink bugs were collected on rice panicles feeding on grains. The sucking on rice grains by adults as well as nymphs caused various symptoms, either empty glumes or spots around the feeding site. This is the first report of the damage symptoms caused by E. ventralis on rice in Iran (Guilan province).}, Keywords = {Paddy fields, Pecky Rice, Guilan province}, volume = {8}, Number = {4}, pages = {521-525}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-34613-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-34613-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2019} }