@article{ author = {Alaei, Hossein and Molaei, Saeed and Mahmoodi, Seyed Bagher and Saberi-Riseh, Roohollah}, title = {New Anastomosis Group F (AG-F) of binucleate Rhizoctonia causing root and stem rot of Pistacia vera}, abstract ={A total of ten isolates of fungi with Rhizoctonia-like mycelia were obtained from infected roots and stems of Pistachio Pistacia vera grown in a commercial nursery in Rafsanjan, Iran, during the autumn of 2011. The infected seedlings showed symptoms of chlorosis that later turned to necrosis. All of the isolates were identified as binucleate Rhizoctonia on the basis of hyphal characteristics and nuclear number. They were tested for detection of the anastomosis group, optimum growth temperature, rDNA-ITS region traits and pathogenicity on pistachio seedlings in vitro and in vivo. The analysis of hyphal anastomosis reaction was carried out with the tester isolates of binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-A, AG-Ba, AG-G and AG-F as well as multinucleate Rhizoctonia AG4 as already detected on pistachio seedlings. The optimum temperature for growth of binucleate Rhizoctonia sp.was 35 °C. In in vivo test, the symptoms of root rot were observed 30 days after inoculation and mortality happened two weeks thereafter. According to molecular characteristics and anastomosis test groups, all isolates showed greatest similarity to anastomosis group AG-F. This finding is the first report of anastomosis group F (AG-F) of binucleate Rhizoctonia, as causal agent of root and stem rot disease of pistachio in the world and Iran.}, Keywords = {Pistachio,Pathogenicity,ITS-rDNA,DNA extraction,PCR}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-13}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-5097-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-5097-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Kumar, Vinod and ShekharMathela, Chandr}, title = {Toxicity and repellent effect of essential oils and a major component against Lipaphis erysimi}, abstract ={Essential oils (EOs) extracted from aerial parts of Aster indamellus Grierson, Calamintha umbrosa Benth. and Erigeron annuus (L.) Pres.were analyzed by GC, GC/MS. The major acetylenic constituent (cis-lachnophyllum ester) of E. annuus was isolated and characterized by 1H and 13C-NMR spectra. Their toxicity and repellent effect against Lipaphiserysimi was tested. Oils of E. annuus and C. umbrosa exhibited higher toxicity on direct spray and by fumigation. LC50 value of E. annuus oil was 0.43 mg/ml as direct spray. By fumigation, LC50 value for E. annuus was 1.29 ml/l air, while for C. umbrosa;it was 1.00 ml/l air. With acetylenic ester, about half of L. erysimi were killed at 10 mg/ml approximately within 13.25 h, while with E. annuus oil the LT50 value was approximately 8.89 h. In conclusion, the EO of E. annuus and its acetylenic constituent have potential as biopesticide for economically important crop pests.}, Keywords = {Essential oil,cis-lachnophyllum ester,Lipaphis erysimi,toxicity,repellence}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {15-23}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10433-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10433-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Koolivand, Davoud and SokhandanBashir, Nemat and Rostami, Afshi}, title = {Preparation of polyclonal antibody against recombinant coat protein of Cucumber mosaic virus isolate B13}, abstract ={Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is one of widely-spread viruses of plants with the broadest host range encompassing over 1200 species. One major limiting factor for detection of the virus is unavailability of the virus-specific antibodies especially in developing countries. Recombinant DNA technology facilitates antibody preparation without requiring special equipment. In this study, coat protein (CP) gene cDNA of CMV was subcloned from pTZ57CMVCP into pET21a expression vector and transformed into Escherichia coli strain Rosetta. Expression of CMV CP was examined by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and its identity was confirmed by western blotting, dot blot immunobinding assay (DIBA) and enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using anti- CMV antibody. The expressed protein was purified using T7•Tag affinity purification kit and used as antigen for raising polyclonal antibodies in two mice. The purified anti-CMV CP IgG and the conjugated IgG performed favourably in terms of specificity and sensitivity to detect both expressed CP (antigen) and CMV isolates in infected cucurbit plants using plate trapped antigen (PTA)- ELISA, double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA and western blotting. The prepared antibodies can be applied in serological and sero-molecular tests in studies on the virus and in screening of plants for the infection. This is the first report of preparation of antibodies against CP of an indigenous isolate of CMV.}, Keywords = {Antibody,Coat Protein,Cucumber mosaic virus,E. coli,Expression,western blot}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {25-34}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7649-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7649-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Chehri, Khosrow and Hasani, Seyyed Meq}, title = {Identification of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxins contamination in inflorescences of wild grasses in Iran}, abstract ={Wild grasses are the most important primary feedstuffs which are susceptible to contamination with toxigenic fungi belonging to Aspergillus spp. In order to explore diversity of Aspergillus species associated with the inflorescences of gramineous weeds, infected inflorescences were collected from wild grasses in western parts of Iran. Fifty-six Aspergillus isolates were obtained from all diseased spikes and based on morphological features identified as 4 species i.e. Aspergillus niger (26) followed by Aspergillus flavus (24), Aspergillus fumigatus (4), andAspergillusjaponicus (2). The identification of A. flavus was confirmed using species specific primers of AFLA-F/AFLA-R by producing amplicons about 413 bp. In this study, aflatoxins (AFs) contamination of wild grasses was evaluated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Natural occurrence of AFs could be detected in 24 samples ranging from 0.63-134.86 μg/kg. The highest AFT levels were detected in samples from Ravansar, Bisetoon, Mahidasht, and Sarpol Zehab (up to 50 μg/kg), which is more than the recommended limits by European :union: standard and National Standard of Iran (20 µg/kg for animal feed).}, Keywords = {Aflatoxins,species specific primers,ELISA}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {35-44}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7884-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7884-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Akinbuluma, Mobolade and Ewete, Francis and Yeye, Emmanuel}, title = {Phytochemical investigations of Piper guineense seed extract and their effects on Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on stored maize}, abstract ={Three different solvents namely; hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol were used in partitioning the extracts obtained from Piper guineense seeds and solvent extracts were investigated for the presence or absence of secondary metabolites. Extracts were further evaluated on adult maize weevils, Sitophilus zeamais. Experiment was carried out under laboratory conditions at 27 ± 2 °C ambient temperatures and 65 ± 5% relative humidity and was arranged in a completely randomised design in four replicates. Parameters assessed, including contact toxicity, repellent effects as well as effect of solvent extracts on the germination of maize seeds. Results obtained showed that the solvent extracts contained all the secondary metabolites tested except flavonoids and steroids. As well, all the solvent extracts were lethal and possessed high repellent action against S. zeamais, with ethanol fraction being the most potent. There was no significant difference in the germination of seeds treated with the solvent extracts as well as the ethanol control. The results obtained from this study reveal P. guineese as a potential candidate for bio insecticide and could serve as an alternative to synthetic insecticides.}, Keywords = {Piper guineense,secondary metabolites,Sitophilus zeamais,contact toxicity}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {45-52}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3454-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3454-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Rezaie, Maryam and Saboori, Alireza and Baniameri, Valiollah}, title = {Life table parameters of the predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) on different strawberry cultivars in the laboratory conditions}, abstract ={Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) is a predatory mite that can control spider mites. The effect of seven strawberry cultivars (including: ‘Marak’, ‘Yalova’, ‘Aliso’, ‘Gaviota’, ‘Sequoia’, ‘Camarosa’ and ‘Chandler’) on the growth and development of N. californicus was studied in the laboratory conditions (27 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 5% RH and 16L: 8D photoperiod). There was significant difference in the number of trichomes on the leaves of strawberry cultivars. Life table parameters were analyzed based on age˗ stage, two˗sex life table. Egg incubation and protonymphal duration were significantly different when the predator was reared on different cultivars. There was no significant difference of total longevity among different cultivars. The longest preoviposition period was observed on ‘Aliso’ (1.70 days). The fecundity rate on ‘Gaviota’ and ‘Sequioa’ (6.90 and 8.91 eggs, respectively) was lower than other cultivars tested. The highest intrinsic rate of increase (0.20 day-1) and fecundity rates (13.29 eggs) were on ‘Chandler’, which might be due to the higher nutritional quality of Tetranychus urticae Koch reared on it or its low density of trichomes. Among the seven strawberry cultivars ‘Sequoia’, ‘Gaviota’ and ‘Yalova’ were recognized unsuitable for development and reproduction of N. californicus.}, Keywords = {Life table parameters,Neoseiulus californicus,Strawberry Cultivars,Trichome}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {53-66}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11185-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11185-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Rabiei-Motlagh, Elahe and Rouhani, Hamid and Shokouhifar, Farhad and FalahatiRastegar, Mahrokh and Taher, Pariss}, title = {Molecular identification of formae specialis and racial identity in Iranian strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici: detection of avirulence genes}, abstract ={Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) is the causal agent of vascular wilt in tomato, an important plant disease in Iran. Four monogenic resistance genes in tomato are used for identification of races of Fol and their corresponding avirulence genes Avr1, Avr2 and Avr3 were identified in pathogen one of which, Avr2, is f.sp. specific. Hence they can serve as reliable markers for racial identity and f.sp discrimination. These markers have been used for strains from other countries except Iran. Furthermore, a point mutation in Avr3 can lead to enhanced virulence of Fol on a susceptible tomato cultivar. To identify forma specialis and racial identity, Avr genes were studied in a collection of Iranian strains. Results revealed that PCR assay is very efficient in distinguishing between non-pathogenic and low virulence strains and in the vast majority of strains, avirulence genotype was consistent with Fol race1. Furthermore, to determine whether allelic variation of Avr3 could separate strains of different degrees of virulence, Avr3 wassequenced in Fol strains with high and low virulence. The resultsrevealed that allelicvariation of Avr3 was not correlated with degree of virulence in Iranian strains. }, Keywords = {Avirulence genotype,effector gene,tomato wilt,molecular detection}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {67-77}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-4485-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-4485-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Heidari, Fatemeh and Sarailoo, Mohammad and Ghasemi, Vahid and Nadimi, Ahm}, title = {Toxic and oviposition deterrence activities of essential oils from Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck and Citrus paradisi (Macfarlane) fruit peel against adults of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)}, abstract ={The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), is one of the most destructive pests attacking stored grain products all over the world. Serious problems assossiated with using synthetic chemical insecticides have strongly demonstrated the need for applying alternative safe compounds such as plant essential oils. The present experiment was conducted to evaluate fumigant toxicity of essential oils from the fresh fruit peel of two Citrus species namely, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck and Citrus paradisi (Macfarlane) against 1 to 7-days-old adults of T. castaneum under laboratoryconditions. Moreover, oviposition deterrence activity of sublethal concentrations of the oils were assessed on the female beetles. All experiments were carried out at 27 ± 1 °C and65 ± 5% r. h. in darkness. Findings indicated the high fumigant toxicity of both essential oils. According to probit analysis, there was no significant differences between C. sinensis (LC50 = 7.27 µl.l-1 air) and C. paradisi (LC50 = 7.70 µl.l-1 air) essentialoils. Also, oviposition deterrence activity of the essential oils was significantly increased as concentrations of the oils were increased from 500 to 2500 ppm. In general, the results of our study demonstrated the high efficacy of C. sinensis and C. paradisi oils against T. castaneum. }, Keywords = {Tribolium castaneum,Citrus sinensis,Citrus paradisi,fumigant toxicity,oviposition deterrency}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {79-88}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10307-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10307-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Nazari, Fahimeh and Safaie, Naser and Soltani, Bahram Mohammad and Shams-Bakhsh, Masoud and Sharifi, Mohse}, title = {The effect of environmental factors on surfactin production of Bacillus subtilis}, abstract ={Surfactin is one of the most efficient biosurfactants excreted by Bacillus subtilis which displays the highest potential as induced systemic resistance elicitor among all metabolites produced by B. subtilis. Environmental factors have considerable effect on surfactin production. In this study surfactin production of two Bacillus subtilis strains were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). C14 and C15 surfactins were detected in the ethanol extract from acid-precipitated supernatant. HPLC analyses of different media including Nutrient Broth (NB) medium, NB plus 40g/l glucose, NB plus 10% soil extract and NB plus 10% plant extract medium, clearly showed that these bacteria produced different amounts of surfactins C14 and C15 in these media. Surfactin production in NB/plant medium was relatively the highest in quantity. Microelements analysis of media containing plant and soil extract with atomic absorption spectrometry showed high amounts of Fe, Mn and Zn in medium containing plant extract compared with that of soil extract. Since these elements play an important role in surfactin production, high amounts of Fe, Mn and Zn in NB/plant extract medium compared to the NB/soil extract medium could be the possible reason for relatively higher amounts of surfactins C14 and C15 produced in NB/plant medium. So adding these important elements to soil may boost biocontrol effect of B. subtilis against plant pathogens.}, Keywords = {Surfactin,HPLC,Bacillus spp,Biocontrol}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {89-97}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8070-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8070-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Saberi, Esmaeil and Alavi, Seyed Mehdi and Safaie, Naser and Moslemkhany, Cobra and Azadvar, Mehdi}, title = {Bacterial pathogens associated with citrus huanglongbing-like symptoms in southern Iran}, abstract ={Huanglongbing (HLB) also known as citrus greening, is a destructive disease of citrus and now, is considered as a new emergence and spread out threat to the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) citrus production. In a survey conducted in southern Iran in 2013-2014, 77 citrus samples exhibiting symptoms of HLB were collected. Single-step and nested polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were employed to determine the presence of the phloem-limited bacterial pathogens ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’(CLas), phytoplasma and Spiroplasma citri. Both CLas and phytoplasma were detected in HLB-affected citrus trees as co-infection (7.79%) and single infection (10.38% for phytoplasma and 42.85% for CLas). According to the proposed 16S rDNA-based phytoplasma classification scheme, the HLB-associated phytoplasma from this study was a member of peanut witches’broom (16SrII) phytoplasma group. This is the first report of association of a phytoplasma with HLB in sweet lime in the world and first record of association of CLas with sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) and sweet lime in Iran.}, Keywords = {'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus',Citrus greening,Phytoplasma,Citrus,Iran}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {99-113}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10666-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10666-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Khorshidi, Mahdieh and Hejazi, Mir Jalil and Iranipour, Shahz}, title = {Effect of azadirachtin, chlorantraniliprole and some insect growth regulators on vegetable leafminer, Liriomyza sativae (Blanchard) (Diptera: Agromyzidae)}, abstract ={The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of some insecticides with novel modes of action on Liriomyza sativae Blanchard and their sublethal effects on pupal mortality, pupal weight and sex ratio in adult insects. The effects of hexaflumuron, chromafenozide, chlorfluazuron, cyromazine, lufenuron + fenoxycarb and azadirachtin and chlorantraniliprole were evaluated on 1st instar larvae of L. sativae using a leaf dip method. Dose - response lines were constructed for insecticides which caused higher mortality of the larvae at field recommended doses. LC50 values for chlorantraniliprole, cyromazine, azadirachtin and hexaflumuron were 0.24, 0.49, 8.51 and 67.6 mg ai/l, respectively. A significant reduction in pupal weight and adult emergence was observed in all of the treatments except chromafenozide; but the adult sex ratio did not change significantly compared with control. Most of the insecticides used in this study are fairly new compounds with unique modes of action and had considerable lethal and sublethal effects on L. sativae. If these results also hold true in the field and commercial greenhouse conditions, these compounds could be suitable candidates in management of vegetable leafminer. }, Keywords = {Liriomyza sativae,Azadirachtin,chlorantraniliprole,insect growth regulators,sublethal effect}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {115-123}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-4252-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-4252-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Adeldoost, Yaser and Heydari, Ramin and Esmaeili, Mehrab and Miraeiz, Esmaeil}, title = {Description of some known species of the genus Aphelenchoides Fisher, 1984 (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from Iran}, abstract ={Twelve species of the genus Aphelenchoides were collected and identified based on morphological and morphometric characters from different regions in North, South and Western Iran. Among collected species i. e. A. centralis, A. cibolensis, A. cyrtus, A. hamatus, A. helicus, A. huntensis, A. limberi, A. obtusicaudatus, A. sprophilus, A. sacchari, A. spicomucronatus and A.tuzeti, three species namely A. cibolensis, A. hamatus and A. saprophilus are new records from Iran. Description, measurements, line drawings and microscopic photographs for Iranian population of these species are provided. Aphelenchoides helicus that was previously reportedwithout description, is described and illustrated as well.}, Keywords = {Morphology,morphometric,new record}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {125-143}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-5102-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-5102-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {ChristyAdeyemo, Adenike and OlufemiAshamo, Michael and OlasumboOdeyemi, Olusol}, title = {Integration of leaf extracts from Helianthus annuus and varietal resistance in the control of Sitotroga cerealella (Lep.: Gelechiidae) infesting paddy rice}, abstract ={The bioactivity of leaf extracts of Helianthus annuus L. against Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) in stored paddy rice varieties was evaluated in the laboratory of the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria at ambient temperature of 28 ± 2 °C and 75 ± 5% relative humidity. Standard methods were used to determine toxicity of the plant powders and extracts, to S. cerealella based on weight loss, adult emergence, adult mortality and developmental periods. Paddy rice from previously categorized susceptible and moderately susceptible varieties was used for the research work. The adult mortality was assessed at 24, 48 and 72 hours of application. The solvent extracts of the plant significantly reduced or prevented adult emergence of S. cerealella. Also there was an increase in the developmental period (P > 0.05) and reduction or prevention of seed weight loss. Adult mortality of 100% was observed in S. cerealella in paddy treated with 4% petroleum ether leaf extract in FARO 44 as compared with 100% mortality in FARO 52 paddy treated with 3% petroleum ether leaf extract. Lowest adult moth mortality of 30.33% and 35.20% were observed in 1% ethanolic leaf extract treated in FARO 44 and FARO 52 respectively. Results showed that H. annuus plant parts in combination with the susceptible paddy variety, FARO 52 increased mortality of adult S. cerealella and prolonged developmental periods. Both the powder and the extracts of this plant could be produced on commercial scale and incorporated into pest management programmes.  }, Keywords = {Helianthus annuus,Sitotroga cerealella,paddy rice varieties,Susceptibility,mortality}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {145-155}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-2752-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-2752-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Ahangar, Leila and Ranjbar, Gholam Ali and Babaeizad, Valiollah and NajafiZarrini, Hamid and Biabani, Abbas}, title = {Assay of NPR1 gene expression in wheat under powdery mildew stress}, abstract ={One of the effective plant disease management strategies is based on the employment of resistance inducers. In the present study, to assay, the effects of Salicylic acid (chemical inducer) and Piriformospora indica (biological inducer) on wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminnis f. sp. tritici), the expression rate of Non-expresser of pathogenesis-related genes1 (NPR1) genewas evaluated using qPCR. For this purpose, Falat and Tajan cultivars were selected as susceptible and resistant genotypes to powdery mildew, respectively. To evaluate the rate of gene expression, the P. indica colonized Falat along with mock plants were inoculated with Powdery mildew. In another experiment, Falat treated with SA and control plants were inoculated with Powdery mildew 48 h after treatment with SA. Gene expression was assayed in Falat compared with resistant cv. Tajan. Sampling was carried out at 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after infection. Comparisons of gene expression patterns showed that after infection, the expression levels of NPR1 increased in induced and non-induced Falat and Tajan cultivars. The maximum gene expression levels were observed at 24 hours post infection. But the expression levels of the gene at this timewere much higher in induced treatments compared with control. The current study showed that NPR1 can be involved in resistance strategy. Thus, using NPR1 gene as a desired gene in genetic engineering for increasing the potential of plant resistance to pathogens can be considered. Moreover, the high response of NPR1 gene in induced plants indicated that both SA and P. indica play a critical role in inducing resistance.}, Keywords = {Wheat,Resistance inducer,Piriformospora indica,Salicylic acid,NPR1 gene}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {157-166}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-1610-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-1610-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Claudius-Cole, Abiodun O. and Muntala, Abdulai and Fawole, Bamidele}, title = {Characterization of Meloidogyne species and the reaction of tomato Solanum lycopersicum L. cultivars to Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica}, abstract ={The study was conducted to determine the distribution of the common Meloidogyne species in research stations and vegetable farms in Ibadan, south-western Nigeria. Galled roots were collected from inoculum plots of four research stations and two vegetable farms. Identification of species was based on juvenile and female morphological characters and specific SCAR primers for Meloidogyne species. The pathogenicity of M. incognita and M. javanica was evaluated at different inoculum levels on tomato in a screenhouse study. M. incognita was the dominant species encountered in research plots, although it often occurred in mixed population with M. javanica and other unidentified species. Growth parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, and yield responded negatively to increasing inoculum levels for all the cultivars except Small Fry and Celebrity. Both cultivars were categorized as resistant to M. incognita and tolerant to M. javanca. The most popularly grown tomato cultivars, Ibadan Local, Roma (Roma type) and Beske were susceptible to both species of root-knot nematodes.  }, Keywords = {celebrity,host rating,Pathogenicity,root-knot nematodes,SCAR-PCR,vegetables}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {167-179}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8198-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8198-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Kaushal, Sonia and Chandel, Sunit}, title = {Enhancing the shelf life of Trichoderma species by adding antioxidants producing crops to various substrates}, abstract ={Trichoderma is one of the efficient biocontrol agents due to its high reproductive capacity, ability to survive under unfavorable conditions, efficiency in nutrient utilization, capacity to modify the rhizosphere, strong aggregativeness against the pathogenic fungi and efficiency in promoting plant growth and defense mechanisms. Therefore, the present investigation is carried out as an alternative practical and safe approach for mass multiplication of Trichoderma on different agro based media. Among them wheat straw and farmyard manure were found to be the best solid media supplemented with 10% wheat flour.The highest population count of Trichoderma species was observed in wheat straw. Antioxidant producing crops were also added to this carrier medium at a rate of 5g/kg in order to enhance the shelf life of propagules of Trichoderma species. Maximum population count wasobserved in soybean, maize and brown rice.  }, Keywords = {Trichoderma,Biological control,mass multiplication and antioxidant crops}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {307-314}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-4623-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-4623-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Kholghi-Eshkalak, Leila and JalaliSendi, Jalal and Karimi-Malati, Azadeh and Zibaee, Arash}, title = {Life table parameters and biological characteristics of citrus butterfly Papilio demoleus (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) on various citrus hosts}, abstract ={Citrus swallow tail butterfly, Papilio demoleus L. is a pest of citrus in many parts of the world. We examined the effect of four different citrus hosts including Citrus sinensis (L.) (Tarocco and Valencia) Citrus limon (L.) (Eureka), and Citrus paradisi Macfad. (Shambarg) on its life table parameters and biological characteristics at 24 ± 1 °C, 75 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 16: 8 h (L: D). The developmental time of immature stages was longest onC. sinensis (Tarocco) (12.3 ± SE days).The intrinsic rate of natural increase was significantly affected by variouscitrus, being the highest on C. sinensis (Tarocco) (0.099 day-1) and lowest on C. sinensis (Valencia) (0.011 day-1).The highest and lowest finite rates of increase were observed onC. sinensis(Tarocco) 1.10 andC. sinensis(Valencia)1.01, respectively.The highest gross reproductive rate and the lowest mean generation time were observed on C. sinensis (Tarocco) and C. sinensis. (Valencia), respectively. The findings indicated that C. sinensis (Tarocco) appeared to be the most susceptible host to P. demoleus among the tested varieties. The results of this and similar studies in the future on other hosts may be considered as a basis for finding resistant host/hosts in monitoring this pest.}, Keywords = {Papilio demoleus,Life table,Population growth parameters,Citrus}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {315-325}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-2867-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-2867-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {OlyaieTorshiz, Ali and Goldansaz, Seyed Hossein and Motesharezadeh, Babak and AsgariSarcheshmeh, Mohammad Ali and Zarei, Abdolkarim}, title = {Effect of organic and biological fertilizers on pomegranate trees: yield, cracking, sunburning and infestation to pomegranate fruit moth Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)}, abstract ={To investigate the effect of different fertilizers on yield and health related traits of pomegranate fruit, a field experiment was carried out during 2014 and 2015 seasons on six years old pomegranate trees cv. ‘Bajestani’ growing in sandy loam soil under drip irrigation system in Khalilabad city, Khorasan, Iran. Organic fertilizers including: cow manure (25 kg/tree), vermicompost (5 kg/tree), and granulate humic (2 kg/tree) were applied without or with biofertilizers (azetobarvar, phosphobarvar and potabarvar at 1 liter/tree) by placement method. Results showed that plants treated with combination of organic and biofertilizers had higher yield and lower fruit drop than plants treated with organic fertilizers individually. The lowest fruit cracking (7.5%, 2.25%) as well as fruit infestation with Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (27.5%, 25.34%) were observed in the plants treated with both biofertilizers and humic in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The most infestation to E. ceratoniae was observed in control treatment (38.07%, 31.44%) in both years, respectively. Fruit sunburn was not affected by nutrition of any type in both years. Results of leaf analysis revealed that plants treated by a combination of biofertilizer and humic had higher levels of macro and micronutrients compared with untreated plants. Altogether, our results suggest that biofertilizer in combination with organic fertilizers, especially granular humic, could be used in pomegranate orchards management to improve pomegranate yield, as well as to prevent crop losses resulting from cracking, nutrient deficiency and E. ceratoniae infestation.}, Keywords = {Pomegranate,Organic fertilizers,Fruit cracking,sun burning,Ectomyelois ceratoniae}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {327-340}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-9032-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-9032-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Safavi, Seyed Ali and Bakhshaei, Mil}, title = {Biological parameters of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) exposed to lethal and sublethal concentrations of Calypso®}, abstract ={Efficacy of the neonicotinoid insecticide, Calypso® was studied on eggs, nymphs and adults of Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood, using a leaf disc bioassay method. Concentrations from 0.15 to 0.8 ml/l were applied by systemic-contact method. Nymphs were more susceptible than eggs and adults, and LC50 and LC30 values were estimated to be 0.465 and 0.263 ml/l, respectively. Also, the longevity and fecundity of exposed females was reduced compared to control. Moreover, the demographic parameters were adversely influenced compared to control. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was significantly decreased to 0.132 and 0.139 day-1 at LC50 and LC30 level, compared to control (0.152 day-1). Other life table parameters (R0, λ, T, and DT) were also significantly lower in the treated insects. Sublethal concentrations of Calypso® may reduce the insecticide residuals on greenhouse crops and reduce the resistance development in greenhouse whiteflies. Therefore, these concentrations may be applicable in the management of T. vaporariorum after complementary studies.}, Keywords = {Life table parameters,whitefly,Calypso®,sublethal concentrations}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {341-351}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-9991-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-9991-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Mostafavi, Mohammadreza and Lashkari, Mohammadreza and Iranmanesh, Said and Mansouri, Seyed Mozaffar}, title = {Variation in populations of common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae (Hem.: Psyllidae), with different chemical control levels: narrower wing shape in the stressed environment}, abstract ={The common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt & Lauterer (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), is a key pest of pistachio trees in Iran. Both psyllid nymphs and adults directly damage pistachio; they extract large quantities of sap from tree and produce honeydew and cause deformation of leaves resulting in great economic damage. Little is known about the intraspecific variation of common pistachio psyllid in regions with stressed conditions, such as areas under high levels of pesticide application. Therefore, this study using geometric morphometrics was designed to 1) evaluate morphological differences in wing shape in populations under different levels of pesticide application in Kerman province as the main pistachio producer in the world, and 2) search for a link between the morphological data and previously studied molecular data. The populations were collected from regions with high and low pesticide applications. The results showed that wing shape (P< 0.01) and size (P< 0.01) are different between populations exposed to different chemical control programs. Based on the results, narrower wing shape was found in psyllid population in stressed environment (population with extreme chemical control programs). In spite of allometric growth, significant shape differences still remain when the data are adjusted to constant size, which showed the important role of genetic changes in the observed morphological changes. Moreover, links between morphologic and previously studied molecular data were revealed. Based on the results, it appears that an evolutionary resistance process is developing, therefore insecticide resistance management programs, in the regions under investigation, is recommended.}, Keywords = {Pistachio,Geometric morphometrics,Biodiversity,Pesticide}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {353-362}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-12372-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-12372-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Mirab-balou, Majid and Mahmoudi, Majid and Tong, Xiaoli}, title = {Diversity of thrips species (Thysanoptera) in fruit orchards in Qazvin province, northwestern Iran}, abstract ={This study was done during 2012 to 2014 to determine the species composition of thrips on fruit trees and weeds of orchards in three counties of Qazvin Province (i.e. Buin-Zahra, Takestan and Qazvin). For each county 14 orchards were sampled. In each orchard, 10 trees and from each tree four shoots along with their leaves, flowers and fruits were selected as a sample unit. Diversity was calculated by Shannon-Wiener Index and evenness by Pielou evenness index. Species richness was estimated using the first-order jackknife richness estimator. One-way ANOVA was used to test whether there exists significant variation in species diversity, evenness and richness along the three counties. Of the 4,489 adult collected specimens from three locations, 27 species belonging to 13 genera were identified. The highest number of thrips was collected on plants of family Rosaceae, followed by Vitaceae and Moraceae, respectively. The number of collected species in Qazvin (18) and Buin-Zahra (17) counties were more than Takestan (13) county. Similar trend was observed for the total number of adult specimens collected in the three counties as more specimens were found in Qazvin and Buin-Zahra than Takestan. Results of this study showed that Thrips tabaci L. was found on all species of fruit trees and weeds. There were no significant differences among the three counties in terms of both diversity (P = 0.41) and evenness (P = 0.45). Across the counties, thrips estimated richness was higher in Qazvin county compared to Buin-Zahra and Takestan counties. Among the trees in Buin-Zahra and Takestan counties, grape had the highest thrips diversity. The highest value of diversity for Qazvin county was recorded for apricot. The polyphagous species T. tabaci was dominant in all three counties, followed by Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (in Qazvin county), Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom) (in Buin-Zahra county) and Frankliniella tenuicornis (Uzel) (in Takestan county).}, Keywords = {Thysanoptera,Biodiversity,fruit orchards,Iran}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {363-375}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7353-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7353-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Sadeghinasab, Fereshteh and Safavi, Seyed Ali and Ghadamyari, Mohammad and Hoseininaveh, Vahi}, title = {Biochemical characterization of digestive carbohydrases of the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) larvae in response to feeding on six tomato cultivars}, abstract ={The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is an imported pest and serious threat to tomato production in farms and greenhouses of Iran. Use of genetically engineered plants expressingcarbohydrase inhibitors is one of the non-chemical methods for controlling insect pests, and knowledge about enzymatic properties of carbohydrases will help us to achieve this goal. Therefore, in present study we characterized biochemical properties of digestive carbohydrases in the midgut of last larval instar of T. absoluta fed on different tomato cultivars (Kingston, Riogrande, Super Luna, Super Chief, Super strain B and Calj). While the highest amylolytic activity was on Super strain B, the lowest was on Super Chief. The optimal pH and temperature for α-amylase were found to be at pH 9.0 and 45 °C, respectively. As calculated from Lineweaver-Burk plots, the highest Km and Vmax values for α-amylase obtained in Super Chief and Super Luna cultivars were 0.565 ± 0.11mM and 2.287 ± 0.4mM/min, respectively. The effects of different compounds on amylolytic activity indicated that CaCl2, MgCl2, NaCl and KCl increased amylase activity, whereas EDTA, ZnCl2 and BaCl2 decreased the enzyme activity in Super Luna cultivar. The highest activity of α-/ß-glucosidases was observed at pH 6.0 and 7.0, respectively, whereas the optimal pH for α/ß-galactosidases was at 5.0. The highest specific activity of α-/ß-glucosidases was determined in Riogrande-fed larvae, whereas the highest α/ß-galactosidases activity was in the larvae fed on Riogrande and Calj cultivars, respectively. By the native- PAGE, two bands were clearly detected for α-amylase. Since the larvae reared on Kingston showed lowest carbohydrase activities, this cultivar could possibly be suggested as the least suitable host for feeding of T. absoluta.}, Keywords = {Tuta absoluta,α/ß-glycosidase,α/ß-galactosidase,α-amylase}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {377-389}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-5083-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-5083-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Eini, Narges and Jafari, Shahriar and MohseniAmin, Amir and Shakarami, Jahanshir}, title = {The simultaneous application effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon on life table parameters of Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on cucumber}, abstract ={Aphis gossypii Glover is one of the major pests of cucumber in Iran. The effects of different concentrations of nitrogen (N1 = 0, N2 = 30, N3 = 60, N4 = 90 and N5 = 120 kg/ha), phosphorus (P1 = 0, P2 = 15 and P3 = 22.5 kg/ha) and silicon (Si1 = 0, Si2 = 100 and Si3 = 200 kg/ha) on life table parameters of apterous morph of A. gossypii were studied. This study was conducted as factorial experiment based on RCD with nine replications in a growth chamber at temperature of 25 ± 3 °C, 60 ± 5% relative humidity (RH) and a photoperiod of 16: 8 h (light: dark). The experiments were carried out using clip-cages that were fixed on leaves of cucumber growing in pots. According to the results, total fecundity of A. gossypii significantly was different among treatments and it was the highest on N1P2Si2 (64.33 offspring) and the lowest on N3P2Si1 (22.67 offspring). The lowest and the highest values of R0 were observed on N3P2Si1and N4P2Si2, respectively. The shortest mean generation time (T) was found on N4P1Si3 and the longest was on N5P3Si1. Furthermore, the lowest and the highest values of r were obtained on N5P3Si2 (0.27 day-1) and N5P1Si1 (0.41 day-1). Our results showed that in simultaneous application, the phosphorus had a more impact on life history and performance of cotton aphid.}, Keywords = {Cucumber,Aphis gossypii,Fertilizer,Life table parameters,Integrated pest management}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {391-400}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-2516-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-2516-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Shirzadegan, Farid and Talebi, Ali Asghar and Riedel, Matthias and Hajiqanbar, Hamidrez}, title = {Two newly recorded species of the tribe Platylabini (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae) from Iran}, abstract ={The tribe Platylabini (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae) of Alborz, Guilan and Tehran provinces (North central Iran) was taxonomically studied. The specimens were collected using Malaise traps during March to November 2010–2011. Four species were identified including: Apaeleticus bellicosus Wesmael, 1845, Platylabus iridipennis Gravenhorst, 1829, Apaeleticus inimicus (Gravenhorst, 1820) and Linycus exhortator (Fabricius, 1787) of which A. inimicus and L. exhortator are recorded for the first time from Iran. An updated checklist of Platylabini in Iran, as well as diagnostic characters of the newly recorded species is presented.}, Keywords = {new record,Ichneumoninae,Platylabini,taxonomy,Iran}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {401-408}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-6008-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-6008-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Safavi, Safarali and Afshari, Farz}, title = {A seven-year assessment of resistance durability to yellow rust in some wheat cultivars in Ardabil province, Iran}, abstract ={Yellow (stripe) rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is an important disease that threatens wheat production where the weather conditions are congenial and susceptible cultivars are present. Host resistance is the most economical and environmentally safe control method to manage wheat yellow rust; and slow rusting resistance, a kind of quantitative resistance, has been reported to have more durability. We planned an experiment aimed to evaluate resistance durability to yellow rust in some wheat cultivars. This study was conducted in field plots under natural infection conditions against race(s) populations of stripe rust believed to have virulence against Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr8, Yr9, Yr10, Yr17, Yr18, Yr21, Yr22, Yr23, Yr24, Yr25, Yr26, Yr27, Yr31, Yr32, YrA and YrSU resistance genes. Slow rusting parameters, including final rust severity (FRS), apparent infection rate (r), relative area under disease progress curve (rAUDPC), and coefficient of infection (CI) were evaluated in a set of 50 wheat genotypes along with susceptible control during a seven-year study from 2008 to 2014. Seedling reaction was also evaluated under field conditions. Based on evaluated resistance parameters, the cultivars (entries: 34, 40-50) as well as susceptible check with the highest values of FRS, CI, r and rAUDPC, were considered as susceptible cultivars. Eight cultivars (entries: 1-7and 9) were resistant at the seedling and adult plant stages. Thirteen cultivars (entries: 13, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 24, 28, 29, 32, 33, 35, 37) showed resistance reaction at the seedling, but susceptible to moderate reactions at the adult plant stage. Sixteen cultivars (entries: 8 10, 11, 12, 14, 18, 19, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 30, 31, 38, 39) were susceptible at the seedling stage, and had moderately resistant to moderately susceptible reactions at the adult plant stage. Accordingly, these later cultivars with low level of slow rusting parameters were supposed to have gene(s) for varying degrees of slow rusting resistance or high temperature adult plant (HTAP) resistance. The remaining cultivars may have low level of slow rusting resistance that need further study to elucidate their nature of resistance. Cluster analysis of wheat cultivars revealed four major groups/clusters, based on slow rusting resistance parameters and seedling infection types.}, Keywords = {Wheat cultivars,durable resistance,yellow rust,Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {409-421}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10332-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10332-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {January, Bonaventure and M.Rwegasira, Grati}, title = {Temporal abundance and distribution of rice yellow mottle virus vectors in farmers’ fields in Morogoro, Tanzania}, abstract ={Rice yellow mottlevirus (RYMV), endemic to Africa, is spread within and between rice fields by several species of Chrysomelid beetles and grasshoppers. In Tanzania and particularly in Morogoro, the virus is increasingly becoming a serious problem to rice production. The part of the field and developmental stage of rice at which RYMV vectors are predominantly abundant were not known since the need for the study. The assessment of population abundance of RYMV insect vectors were conducted in the three divisions of Mngeta, Ifakara and Mang’ula of Kilombero district, in Morogoro Tanzania using sweep net in 4 m2quadrats. Results revealed the highest abundance of two RYMV vectors, Oxya hyla Serville, 1831 and Chaetocnema sp, on the border parts of the rice fields rather than in the middle parts. The study established that the density of RYMV vectors was dependent on crop growth stages where the number of vectors increased with increase in crop age and it is concluded that the two insects are the main vectors of RYMV in the study area.}, Keywords = {Rice yellow mottle virus,Vectors,Oxya hyla,Chaetocnema sp}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {423-428}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-2114-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-2114-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Bagheri, Abdoolnabi and Kolyaee, Rauf and AskariSeyahooei, Majeed and ModaressNajafabadi, Seyed Saeed and Faraji, Giti}, title = {Efficacy of methyl eugenol bait traps for controlling the mango fruit fly Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae)}, abstract ={Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae), an extremely aggressive species infesting some of the main commercial fruit and vegetables, has been subjected to a diverse array of control approaches. In the current study, performance of various Methyl Eugenol (ME) dispensers in combination with an organophosphate insecticide, Malathion, were evaluated against B. zonata in two consecutive years (2006-2007). Treatments efficacy was studied in various months using the criterion of trapped B. zonata flies. ANOVA revealed a significant difference among various application methods in both fruit infestation rate and capture of B. zonata flies. So that impregnation of chipboard block in ME caused the lowest B. zonata infestation and the highest B. zonata capturing values in both years. Population fluctuation study revealed a major peak for B. zonata in September i.e., mango ripening time. According to our results, it could be suggested that chipboard dispenser is the best application method as attractant in bait trap which exhibits more potent and longer lasting activity.  }, Keywords = {Bactrocera zonata,methyl eugenol,Malathion,dispenser,chipboard block}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {181-189}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-9682-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-9682-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Ghasemi, Meysam and Mousanejad, Sedigheh and MehdipourMoghaddam, Mohammad Jav}, title = {Efficacy of peanut root nodulating symbiotic bacteria in controlling white stem rot}, abstract ={Stem rot with the causal agent Sclerotium rolfsii is a major disease of peanut in Guilan province, Iran. The aim of this investigation was to determine the inhibitory effect of native isolates of peanut root nodulating symbiotic bacteria on this fungus based on in vitro and in vivo studies. Several bacterial strains were isolated and purified from peanut roots collected from different fields. Eight of them were detected as the main symbiotic nodulating strains. These eight isolates were identified as Bradyrhizobium based on 16S rDNA gene analysis and different biochemical tests. The inhibitory effect of these strains on the radial growth of S. rolfsii was studied in vitro using sealed plate and dual culture methods. Strains significantly inhibited radial growth of the fungus on the PDA medium. Br9, Br18 and Br16 were recognized as strong inhibitors and Br14 as weak strain in dual culture method and used in greenhouse experiments. Ability of the selected strains in controlling the stem rot disease, reducing the disease parameters and enhancing the peanut growth parameters was investigated in greenhouse conditions. The strains significantly decreased the white rot index and increased peanut dry matter (P ≤ 0.01) in greenhouse. }, Keywords = {Bradyrhizobium,dual culture,groundnut,sealed plate,southern blight}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {191-205}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11742-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11742-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Doryanizadeh, Nazanin and Moharramipour, Saeid and Hosseininaveh, Vahid and Mehrabadi, Mohamm}, title = {Antixenotic resistance of eight Cucumis genotypes to melon aphid Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and some associated plant traits}, abstract ={The melon aphid, Aphis gossypii (Glover), is one of the major pests of cucurbits and an efficient vector of plant viruses such as Cucumber Mosaic Virus. Host-plant resistance is one of the management strategies that can be used to control this pest. In this study, choice test was conducted to identify antixenotic resistance against melon aphid in eight Cucumis genotypes, namely Hormozgan, Bushehr, Guilan, Girtap, Negeen, Sepehr, Pouya and Armenian cucumber. Choice tests were conducted at 25 ± 1 ºC, 60 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L: D) h. After introduction of apterous adult aphids to test arena, the number of aphids on each entry was counted at 2, 4, 6 and 24 hours of release. Total phenolic content, NPK essential elements, leaf thickness and leaf trichome density were also measured to discover any association between these factors and aphid host choice. The most antixenosis effect was observed on 'Bushehr'. Increase in antixenosis correlated with increase in leaf trichomes. Antixenosis can be important mode of resistance by reducing host selection and delaying aphid colonization. The identification of antixenotic resistance in several genotypes provides additional options for management of this pest. Moreover, the factors associated with this mode of resistance can be considered in plant breeding programs.}, Keywords = {antixenosis,Aphis gossypii,Cucumis,Total phenolic content,Trichome}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {207-214}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-1320-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-1320-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Kasraee, Neda and Asgari, Shahriar and Zamani, Abbas Ali and MoeenyNaghadeh, Naser and Mahjoob, Seyed Mahdi}, title = {Functional response of Sunn pest egg parasitoid, Trissolcus vassilievi (Hym., Scelionidae) in response to thermal traits}, abstract ={The functional response of the egg parasitoid, Trissolcus vassilievi (Nees) (Hym., Scelionidae), on eggs of the sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Put. (Hem., Scutelleridae) was investigated at six constant temperatures (12, 15, 20, 25, 28 and 32 °C) for 8 hours. Using logistic regression, a type III functional response was determined for T. vassilievi at the two temperatures 15 and 32 °C. Any functional response was not detected at other temperatures. The Hassells’ type III model was used for estimating searching efficiency (a) and handling time (Th). At 32 °C the highest attack rateand the lowest handling time was recorded 0.2029 per hour and 0.1856 hour, respectively. Results show that the parasitoid can be used in the pest management programs at low and high temperatures.}, Keywords = {Biological control,cereal bug,parasitoid behavior,temperature}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {215-223}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-6363-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-6363-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Mahmoudi, Esmaeil and Naderi, Davoo}, title = {Anti-fungal and bio-control properties of chitinolytic bacteria against safflower Fusarium root rot}, abstract ={A total of 78 rhizobacterial strains were isolated from 48 rhizospheric soil and root samples, collected from safflower Carthamus tinctorius L. fields located in different regions of Iran. The chitinolytic activity was measured in the presence of colloidal chitin as the sole carbon source. Eleven isolates were identified as chitinolytic bacteria, based on the formation of a clearly visible zone on the growth media. Four isolates including EM9, ES41, ES7 and ER13 exhibited the highest chitin degradation activity based on a clear zone diameter of more than 10 mm. According to a ribotyping analysis, EM9, ES41, and ES7 isolates were identified as Bacillus cereus and ER13 was found to be Pantoea agglomerans. In a dual-culture assay, morphogenic changes such as severely collapsed hyphae, decreased hyphal diameter with condensation and granulation of cytoplasm and highly rolled with formation of big clamydoconida in anomalous sporodochia -like structures were also observed using light microscope. Under greenhouse conditions, the application of selected chitinolytic isolates, i.e., EM9, ES41, ES7 and ER13, on safflower seeds significantly reduced seedling damping-off caused by Fusarium solani. In addition, the results revealed that root and shoot dry weight in infected plants that were treated with EM9 isolate suspension, increased by 14 and 22%, respectively.}, Keywords = {Bacillus cereus,Biological control,Carthamus tinctorius}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {225-234}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-1103-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-1103-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Elkinany, Said and Haggoud, Abdellatif and Benbouaza, Abdellatif and Bouaichi, Abdelaaziz and Achbani, El Hass}, title = {Plant growth promotion and bacterial canker control of Lycopersicon esculentum L. cv. Campbell 33 by biocontrol agents}, abstract ={Endophytic and epiphytic bacteria have been reported as agents of bio-control of diseases and plant growth promotors. Here, in vitro and greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the action of two microbial strains; Aureobasidium pullulans and Pantoea agglomerans, on biocontrol of bacterial canker and growth promotion of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Campbell 33). Two frequencies of treatment were used to assess their potential effect (15 and 30 days between two subsequent treatments). The two strains were able to inhibit, in vitro, the growth of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis the causative agent of tomato canker. Also, their antagonistic effects were confirmed in greenhouse conditions. Indeed, bacterial canker incidence in tomato plants treated with A. pullulans and P. agglomerans separately or in mixture was significantly less severe (16%) compared to the positive control (83%). The treatment frequency (intervals of 15 or 30 days) and the choice of strains to inoculate (separated or combined strains) appear to be essential for obtaining significant results. Consequently, both A. pullulans and P. agglomerans strains highly reduced incidence of bacterial canker particularly when tomato plants were treated at a frequency of fifteen days}, Keywords = {Tomato,Plant growth promotion,Bacterial canker,Bio-control agents}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {235-244}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-4806-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-4806-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {GhotbiRavandi, Shima and AskariHesni, Majid and Madjdzadeh, Seyed Massou}, title = {Species diversity and distribution pattern of Aphidiinae (Hym.: Braconidae) in Kerman province, Iran}, abstract ={Aphidiinae is one of the most important subfamilies of Braconidae, species of which play an important role in biological control of aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea). In this study, the effects of humidity and temperature on the density and dispersal of different species of the subfamily Aphidiinae were investigated in three different ecological areas of Bardsir (Kerman province), located in southeast Iran. Specimens were collected by a hand net on field crops in three stations (Bardsir, Lalehzar and Negar) during March to November 2013. Altogether nine species belonging to five genera (Aphidius, Praon, Diaeretiella, Trioxys and Lysiphlebus) were recorded from these areas. The results revealed that the majority of species were found in the area with temperature between 18 to 20 °C and/ or with humidity rate of 34 to 39%, 40.1 and 50.6 percent of specimens respectively. Most of the collected members of this subfamily were found in the average temperature of 18.5 ± 1.13 °C. Trioxys complanatus Quilis, 1931 was the dominant species. According to biodiversity and ecological indices, species diversity and dispersal were different in the three stations. In conclusion, temperature and humidity have great impact on species diversity and distribution pattern of Aphidiinae.}, Keywords = {humidity,temperature,Diversity,ecological indices}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {245-257}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8171-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8171-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Esmaeili, Mehrab and Heydari, Rami}, title = {Some species of Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae) from vineyards in Kermanshah province, western Iran}, abstract ={Eight species of Paratylenchus were collected and identified from vineyards in Kermanshah province, western Iran. Description, measurements, line drawings and microscopic photographs are provided for two new records namely P. humilis and P. prunii. Paratylenchus humilis have a lip region truncate-conoid with distinct small submedian lobes in lateral view of female head, stylet shorter than 40 µm, three lateral lines and distinct vulval flaps. Paratylenchus prunii have a lip region rounded (slightly truncate in some specimens), without distinct submedian lobes in lateral view of female head, stylet shorter than 40 µm, four lateral lines and distinct vulval flaps. Male of P. straeleni is reported for the first time.  }, Keywords = {Grapevine,identification,Morphology,morphometric,new record,pin nematode}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {259-271}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-4007-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-4007-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Seyedi, Horvash and Mehrkhou, Fariba and Noori, Farzaneh}, title = {Type of cereal flours as factors affecting biological and physiological characteristics of Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) larvae}, abstract ={The Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller is one of the conventional hosts for rearing of natural enemies to be used in biological control programs. In this study, the effects of three cereal flours (wheat, corn and barley) on some biological parameters, nutritional responses, as well as proteolytic and amylolytic digestive activities of the fifth instar larvae of E. kuehniella werestudied to determine suitability of the cereals for optimum growth and reproduction of E. kuehniella. The highest rate of larval survival (0.88) and larval growth index (9.77) were obtained in larvae which fed on corn flour. The relative growth rate (9.17 ± 0.33 mg/mg/day) and the efficiency of conversion of ingested food (12.08 ± 1.11%) were the highest rate for fifth instar larvae which fed on corn flour. The highest protein concentration in midgut of larvae (63.77 ± 2.31 mg/ml) and consequentially, proteolytic activity including tryptic (0.0012 ± 0.00 Umg-1) and chymotryptic (0.543 ± 0.001 Umg-1) were observed in larvae that fed on corn flour. According to the results obtained, corn (Var. 704) was the most suitable cereal for laboratory rearing of E. kuehniella, resulting in the highest rate of biological and physiological parameters.}, Keywords = {Mediterranean flour moth,cereal,nutritional indices,proteolytic and amylolytic activity}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {273-285}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-2415-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-2415-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Abdolmaleki, Arman and RafieeDastjerdi, Hooshang and TanhaMaafi, Zahra and Naseri, Bahram}, title = {Virulence of two entomopathogenic nematodes through their interaction with Beauveria bassiana and Bacillus thuringiensis against Pieris brassicae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)}, abstract ={Pieris brassicae L. is one of the most important pests of Brassicaceae. The insecticidal effect of two entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema feltiae, was determined through their interaction with Beauveria bassiana and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk) against P. brassicae. In the interaction tests, the EPNs were applied at LC50 level 0, 12 or 24h after treating the larvae with LC10 or LC25 of the B. bassiana or Btk. The interaction between the EPNs and B. bassiana was entirely different from the interaction of the EPNs and Btk. The interaction with B. bassiana was dependant on time intervals, while the interaction of the EPNs with Btk was almost additive or synergistic. An antagonistic effect was seen when the EPNs were applied immediately after the B. bassiana. However, the application of the EPNs 24h after their treatment with B. bassiana caused additive or synergistic effects. The results also showed the best mortality effect when the EPNs were used with Btk at 12 h and 24 h time intervals. Based on the results, a simultaneous use of the EPNs and B. bassiana is not recommended against P. brassica. However, the EPNs could be used simultaneously after Btk but it is better to allow a time interval to increase mortality.}, Keywords = {Biological control,Heterorhabditis bacteriophora,IPM,Steinernema feltiae}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {287-299}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3948-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3948-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Alipanah, Hele}, title = {Scirpophaga tongyaii Lewvanich, 1981 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Schoenobiinae), a new record from Iran}, abstract ={An examination of the entire Schoenobinae material preserved in the Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum (HMIM) of the Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP) revealed the presence of 19 males and 18 females of Scirpophaga tongyaii Lewvanich collected in Kerman Province. This species is newly reported for the fauna of Iran. Brief description of the species as well as the figures of the adults and both male and female genitalia are presented. }, Keywords = {Crambidae,Schoenobiinae,Scirpophaga tongyaii,new record,Iran}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {301-305}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-9725-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-9725-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {MohamedAzab, Mohame}, title = {Bioactivity and stability of spinetoram and spinosad on stored wheat as determined by adults of Rhyzopertha dominica (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) bioassay}, abstract ={To examine the differences between spinetoram and spinosad in their insecticidal activity and stability on the stored wheat, bioassay tests were carried out for six consecutive months at 20 and 30 ± 1 °C by adults of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.)(Coleoptera: Bostrichidae). Samples were taken after zero, 2, 3, 5, 7, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 180 days of insecticides application. Results of median lethal concentrations (LC50s) determined after three days of treatment indicated that spinosad was significantly more toxic than spinetoram against the adults. Results also revealed that mortality decline of R. dominica was correlated with temperature and the gradual degradation of the two insecticides over time during storage period. The half-life of spinosad and spinetoram on stored wheat were 99.02 and 69.32 days at 20 ± 1 °C, respectively. These were shortened at 30 ± 1 °C to 49.51 and 46.21 days, respectively. However spinosad displayed more bioactivity and stability than spinetoram. It can be concluded that spinosad and spinetoram do not remain persistent and even a slow degradation of these insecticides is likely to occur during wheat storage. Residues of spinosad and spinetoram persist on the wheat grains at levels well below the established tolerance levels.}, Keywords = {Insecticidal activity,median lethal concentrations,degradation,Rhyzopertha dominica}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {429-438}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11489-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11489-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Hemmati, Chamran and Moharramipour, Saeid and AskariSiahooei, Majeed and Bagheri, Abdoolnabi and Mehrabadi, Mohamm}, title = {Identification of yeast and yeast-like symbionts associated with Hishimonus phycitis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), the insect vector of lime witches\' broom phytoplasma}, abstract ={Witches' broom disease of lime (WBDL) is a lime disease that has destroyed several citrus orchards in Oman, United Arab Emirates and Iran. WBDL is caused by a bacterium ''Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia'' which is spread through the citrus orchards by a leafhopper, Hishimonus phycitis (Distant) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Leafhoppers are associated with symbiotic microorganisms which provide them with essential amino acids lacking in their diets. Yeast-like relationships with insects are known as common and obligate symbiotic relationship. A prerequisite for the development of future strategies for the symbiotic control of insect pests and insect-vector competence is the identification of insect-associated yeast-like symbionts. In the present study, yeast-like symbionts housed in H. phycitis were investigated in insects collected from 13 districts of citrus orchards distributed in southern Iran (Hormozgan, Kerman, Sistan-Balushestan and Fars provinces). Insects were collected from infected lime trees by a D-Vac and stored at -20 ºC up to the DNA extraction. Total DNA was extracted and PCR was conducted with specific primer sets targeting 18S rRNA and 26S rRNA genes of the symbionts. Results revealed that the vector harboured two yeast symbionts, namely Yeast like symbiont of H. phycitis (Hp-YLS)and Candida pimensis,with a similarity of (98-99%) to those reported from the other Cicadellids. These results substantiate the association of these two endosymbiotic microbiota with H. phycitis which may suggest their ecological interactions. To establish any endosymbiotic relationship and probable interfering in pathogen transmission, further studies are needed.}, Keywords = {Hishimonus phycitis,yeast-like symbionts,Candida pimensis}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {439-446}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3099-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3099-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Zardooei, Maryam and Zamani, Abbas Ali and Talebi, Ali Asghar and Salari, Hoom}, title = {Population fluctuation and spatial distribution of cynipid oak gall forming wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Kermanshah, Iran}, abstract ={Oak trees form the major elements of the Zagros forests at western part of Iran. The activity of cynipid gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) greatly affects survival and fertility of these trees, by inducing formation of various galls on a certain part of the oak trees (Quercus spp.). In this study, population fluctuation and spatial distribution of four common species, Andricus asetivalis (Giraud), Aphelonyx persica (Melika), Neuroterus lanuginosus (Giraud)and Neuroterus saliens (Kollar) were studied in Kermanshah province from the early February to the late December of 2011. The galls that formed on the 100 cm end of branches from the four cardinal directions were sampled in two different heights of 1.5 and 2.5 m on each tree every 7-10 days throughout the season. To estimate the spatial distribution patterns, data were analysed through regression models. According to the Taylor's power model, in the height of 1.5 m, the slope of regression line was not significantly different from 1, indicating a random pattern for all gall wasp species. Also the spatial distribution pattern of N. lanuginosus and N. saliens was determined as random in the height of 2.5 m. Using Iwao's patchiness regression, similar patterns were distinguished for all species in two different heights except for A. aestivalis and N. lanuginosus in the height of 1.5 m which regression between Lloyd’s mean crowding and mean density was not significant. At early season, just sexual galls of A. aestivalis and A. persica were observed and the first asexual galls of N. lanuginosus and N. saliens were formed on the branches starting in early August. Combining data of both heights of 1.5 and 2.5, the peaks of gall density of A. aestivalis, A. persica, N. lanuginosus and N. saliens were observed on 23 May, 27 June, 4 September and 15 September as 2.85 ± 1.60, 34.40 ± 22.17, 159.27 ± 40.01 and 4.50 ± 1.38, respectively. Overall, the most observed galls belonged to N. lanuginosus. The activity period of N. saliens was clearly shorter than other species and lasted only less than two months.}, Keywords = {Quercus,seasonal fluctuation,gall-maker,Cynipidae}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {447-456}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7408-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7408-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Sanei, Seyed Javad and Razavi, Seyed Esmael}, title = {Sources of Verticillium wilt resistance in wild olive germplasm from the Golestan province, Northern Iran}, abstract ={Nine wild olive accessions collected from the Golestan province, the North of Iran, were screened under greenhouse conditions for their resistance to Verticillium wilt. Plants of the highly susceptible cv. ‘Zard’, frequently used as a local cultivar, were also included in this test. Nine-month-old nursery olive plants were inoculated by root-dip method with defoliating (VCG1, D) and non-defoliating (VCG4B, ND) isolates of Verticillium dahliae, both obtained from diseased olives in Golestan province. Resistance was evaluated by assessing symptom severity using 0-4 rating scale and estimating the area under disease progress curves. The percentage of plants killed, final mean severity of symptoms, frequency of V. dahliae reisolation from olive xylem, dry weight of new green leaves and shoots and total phenol content in root tissues were used as additional parameters. The results showed that seven of the nine wild olive accessions were highly resistant to D and ND isolates of V. dahliae. A second group of wild olive accessions (P4 and P7) were classified as moderately resistant and resistant to D and ND isolates of V. dahliae, respectively. Phenol content was significantly higher in highly resistant plants and correlation coefficient analyses revealed a negative relation between disease severity and root total phenol contents. Dendrogram of wild olive accessions and ‘Zard’ cultivar based on all parameters represented two main clusters, major and minor. Minor cluster comprised only two wild olive accessions and ‘Zard’ cultivar. Major cluster could be divided into two groups, I and II, showed a highly resistance reaction to pathotypes of V. dahliae.}, Keywords = {Wild olive,defoliating and non-defoliating pathotypes,resistance,Verticillium dahliae}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {457-470}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-2423-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-2423-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Mehrparvar, Mostafa and Rahnama, Kamran and Safaie, Naser and Ramezanpour, Sanaz}, title = {Characterization of Mycothermus thermophilus engaged in mushroom composting in Iran}, abstract ={The thermophilic fungus Mycothermus thermophilus is one of the most important thermophilic fungi in mushroom composting process. Thirty nine isolates of M. thermophilus were collected from nine provinces of Iran and were identified as M. thermophilus based on morphological features and ITS regions. The studied isolates significantly increased the growth of Agaricus bisporus hyphae compared to control when used in vitro situation. Also the colony morphology of the mushroom changed when it grew on the colony of M. thermophilus. While the studied thermophilic isolates were morphologically different, no diversity was observed in terms of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) finger-printing. The genetically clonal population of M. thermophilus collected from Iranian mushroom composting farms was attributed to lack of sexual reproduction, similar raw materials used in compost formulations, compost temperature, and concentration of ammonia during pasteurization as selection pressures.}, Keywords = {Agaricus bisporus,cultivated mushroom,genetic diversity,RAPD,thermophilic fungi. Mycothermus thermophilus}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {471-486}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7566-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7566-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Taghizadeh, Roya and Mohammadkhani, Nayer}, title = {Antifeedant activity of Descurainia sophia and Thuja orientalis extracts against Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)}, abstract ={Antifeedant activity of the aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of leaves of Descurainia sophia L. and Thuja orientalis L. were tested against adults of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst).The experiment was designed to measure the nutritional indices such as relative growth rate (RGR), relative consumption rate (RCR), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and feeding deterrence index (FDI). Treatments were evaluated by the method of flour disc bioassay under dark condition, at 27 ± 1 °C and 60 ± 5% RH. Ten microliter portions of each extract at concentrations (0.25-2.0%) was spread evenly on the flour discs. Results indicated that nutritional indices were significantly affected as extract concentrations increased. In this study extracts from T. orientalis decreased RGR, RCR and ECI significantly more than that of D. sophia. In addition, hydroalcoholic extracts decreased RGR, RCR and ECI significantly more than those by aqueous extracts. Both of plant extracts increased FDI as the extract concentrations were increased, showing high feeding deterrence activity against T. castaneum. Generally, antifeedant activity of T. orientalis was greater than D. sophia and hydroalcoholic extracts were more effective than aqueous extracts.}, Keywords = {Descurainia sophia,Thuja orientalis,stored products,Plant Extract,red flour beetle}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {487-495}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10892-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10892-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {EivazianKary, Naser and Mohammadi, Davoud and Girling, Robbie}, title = {New reports on dixenic associations between the symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes, Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus, and non-symbiotic bacteria}, abstract ={By conducting three different methods, we report on the isolation of five novel strains of non-symbiotic bacteria from crushed infective juveniles (IJs) of four species of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) including Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema feltiae, and Steinernema glaseri and five bacterial species from hemolymph of insect larvae infected with EPNs. Samples of hemolymph of infected Galleria mellonella L. larvae by EPNs and crushed surface sterilized IJs were bulk streaked onto both MacConkey and NBTA agar. To further ensure diagnoses, extracted DNA from IJs bulk was subjected to PCR by 16S-rRNA bacterial universal primers. Bacteria were identified using biochemical and phylogenetic analysis. Based on 16S-rRNA gene sequence, maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and neighbour joining phylogenetic analyses were conducted, as well as comparisons of predicted RNA secondary structures. Four species of bacteria were identified including: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain IR11 from S. feltiae; S. pavanii strain IR20 from S. glaseri; Acinetobacter junii strain IR8 from S. carpocapsae; and Alcaligenes faecalis strains IR1 & IR15 from S. feltiae and H. bacteriophora respectively as non-symbiotic bacteria from IJs and five species probably originated from G. mellonella intestine including Citrobacter gillenii isolate S3, Enterobacter asburiae isolate S4, Klebsiella oxytoca isolate S5, Morganella morganii isolate S6 and Serratia marcescens isolate S6.}, Keywords = {Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,S. pavanii,Acinetobacter junii,Alcaligenes faecalis,Citrobacter gillenii,Enterobacter asburiae Klebsiella oxytoca,Morganella morganii,Serratia marcescens}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {497-511}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-5664-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-5664-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Golhasan, Behrouz and Esmaeili, Mehrab and Miraeiz, Esmaeil and Heydari, Rami}, title = {Three nematode species of the infraorder Tylenchomorpha (Nematoda: Tylenchina) from Iran}, abstract ={During a nematode survey and identification of plant-parasitic nematodes in Iran, several species belonging to the infraorder Tylenchomorpha were collected and identified from different localities of West Azerbayjan, Kermanshah and Golestan provinces. Among which three species, namely Aphelenchoides xui (Aphelenchoididae), Paratylenchus recisus (Tylenchulidae)and Tylenchus skarduensis (Tylenchidae) are new records for Iran nematode fauna. Description, measurements, line drawings and microscopic photographs are provided for these new records.}, Keywords = {morphology,morphometric,new record,nematode}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {513-527}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3972-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3972-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Nagachandrabose, Seenivas}, title = {Combined application of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Purpureocillium lilacinum liquid formulations to manage Globodera spp on potato}, abstract ={Potato cyst nematodes (PCN), Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida are major limiting factors to potato cultivation globally. Effective use of nematode antagonistic bio-agents is a potentially important component of the eco-friendly agro-farming. Pseudomonas fluorescens and Purpureocillium lilacinum are known for their nematode antagonistic potential and plant growth promotion ability. The effect of seed treatment with liquid suspension of P. fluorescens at 1 l/ton seeds and soil drenching with suspension of P. lilacinum at 5 l/ha, singly and jointly, was studied to minimize the damage caused by PCNin potato plants under field conditions in two regions in India. Both applications showed significantly greater PCN suppression and better plant growth promotion in comparison to solo application. The both application showed the highest reduction of cyst population (75.7%) in soil, female population (79.9%) in root and egg numbers per soil of each location (84%). The potato plants from P. fluorescens-seed treatment and P. lilacinum-soil drenching both applied plots were 33.5% taller with 45.6% more number of tubers than untreated plants. The tuber yield was also significantly higher (35.9%) in both application than untreated control. There was no significant difference on the root colonization of P. fluorescens and P. lilacinum in solo and both treatments. }, Keywords = {Potato cyst nematode,Biological control,liquid formulations,Pseudomonas fluorescens,Purpureocillium lilacinum}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {529-537}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-4353-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-4353-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Lashkari, Mohammadreza and Burckhardt, Daniel}, title = {First record of Phylloplecta trisignata (Löw, 1886) (Hemiptera: Triozidae) in Iran}, abstract ={During a faunistic survey of the jumping plant-lice in the Tehran province of Iran in spring 2016, the blackberry psyllid, Phylloplecta trisignata (Löw, 1886), was collected on Rubus sp. (Rosales: Rosaceae). This is the first record of the species and the genus Phylloplecta for Iran, expanding the known distributional range of the species considerably eastwards.}, Keywords = {Blackberry psyllid,Psylloidea,Rubus}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {539-542}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10006-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10006-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} } @article{ author = {Alipanah, Helen and Farahani, Samira and Omid, Rasoul}, title = {Strophedra weirana (Douglas, 1850) (Tortricidae: Olethreutinae, Grapholitini): A genus and species new to Iran}, abstract ={The larvae of Strophedra weirana (Douglas, 1850) were discovered in Shast Kola forest (Golestan Province) and few adult specimens were collected in Rasht (Gilan Province) and Ramsar (Mazandaran Province). In Golestan Province, the caterpillars had attached two leaves of the host plant, Fagus orientalis Lipsky, with their silk and were feeding within this shelter. The genus Strophedra and S. weirana are new reports for the fauna of Iran. A brief taxonomic characterization of the species, as well as figures of the adults and male and female genitalia are provided.}, Keywords = {Tortricidae,Grapholitini,Strophedra weirana,Fagus orientalis,new record,Iran}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {543-546}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-9474-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-9474-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2017} }