@article{ author = {OnaolapoAkinneye, Joseph and AyobamiOyeniyi, Emmanuel}, title = {Insecticidal efficacy of Cleistopholis patens (Benth) against Sitotroga cerealella Olivier (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) infesting rice grains in Nigeria}, abstract ={New sources of botanical pesticides in the management of Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) infesting rice grains are indispensable in farmers’ quest towards achieving maximum protection of their rice produce. In this study, the efficacy of root and stem bark of Cleistopholis patens as an insecticidal agent against S. cerealella was investigated at 28 ± 2 ºC and 75 ± 6% relative humidity. Moths were exposed to contact and fumigant toxicity test at 0.5-2.5 g/20 g of paddy rice and mortality was assessed at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours post-treatment respectively. Generally, moth exposed to root powders of C. patens showed higher mortality values (contact: 10 - 93%; fumigant: 13 - 100%) than their counterpart exposed to stem powder (contact: 6.67 - 78%; fumigant: 10 - 95%). Also, lethal doses (LD50 and LD95) revealed that lower doses of C. patens root powder resulted in higher mortality of S. cerealella when compared to that of stem powder. The only exception was observed in LD95 values of stem (6.54 g / 20 g of paddy rice) and root (6.76 g / 20 g of paddy rice) powder of fumigant toxicity test. Both powders of C. patens also significantly reduced adult emergence in treated grains when compared to control. This study showed that powders of stem and root bark of C. patens would provide a much desired wherewithal to synthetic insecticides in the management of S. cerealella infesting rice grains in Nigeria.}, Keywords = {Sitotroga cerealella,insecticidal efficacy,Cleistopholis patens,toxicity,fumigant}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-10}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7621-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7621-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Achbani, El Hassan and Mazouz, Hamid and Benbouazza, Abdellatif and Sadik, Soumi}, title = {First detection of Pantoea ananatis, the causal agent of bacterial center rot of onion in Morocco}, abstract ={Pantoea ananatis is an important pathogen causing bacterial center rot in onion. Isolated strains from onion soft rot bulbs based on morphological characteristics were tested for hypersensitivity reaction on tobacco. Pathogenic strains underwent some biochemical tests which detected the presence of P. ananatis, based on RNA16S sequencing, this result was confirmed. Symptoms were reproduced by inoculating this species to onion leaves and bulbs. This study reports for the first time the presence of P. ananatis bacterium in Morocco causing the bacterial center rot in onion.  }, Keywords = {Allium cepa,bacterial center rot,Morocco,Onion,Pantoea ananatis}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {11-17}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-4995-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-4995-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ramzi, Samar and Sahragard, Ahad and JalaliSendi, Jalal and Aalami, Ali}, title = {Effect of Citrullus colocynthis (Cucurbitaceae) agglutinin on the life table parameters of Apomyelois ceratoniae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)}, abstract ={A Castanea crenata agglutinin (abbreviated as CCA) was extracted and purified from bitter apple, Citrullus colocynthis L., to determine its effects on the demographic parameters of Apomyelois ceratoniae Zeller. Two groups of first larval instars were reared on an artificial diet containing 2% (w/w) of CCA and control diets until emergence of adults. Two Sex MS-chart life table software was used to analyze data and calculate life table parameters. Developmental times of larvae in control and CCA dietsshowed statistical differences for male, female except for third and fourth larval instars. It was found that A. ceratoniae larvaefed on control had a survival of 18 days but individuals fed on CCA diet survived for 12 days. The highest fecundity values of individuals fed on control and CCA diets were obtained at the age of 30 and 27 days, respectively. Adult longevity, pre-oviposition period, oviposition period and mean fecundity of A. ceratoniae fed on control were higher than those of individuals fed on CCA diet. The probabilities of a newborn egg surviving to age 28 days were 0.42 and 0.3 for control and CCA, respectively. Each female started egg laying on day 22 for control and 25 for CCA. Life expectancies of a newly laid egg were 29 days for control and 26 days for CCA treatment. Life table parameters except for mean generation time showed statistical differences between control and CCA treatments. These results demonstrated the negative effects of CCA on life table parameters of A. ceratoniae that might lead to a promising and alternative way to suppress population increase and damage caused by A. ceratoniae.}, Keywords = {Apomyelois ceratoniae,Citrullus colocynthis,Lectin,Life table}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {19-31}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-5777-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-5777-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Liu, Yangxi and Khan, Mohamed F. R.}, title = {Utility of fungicides for controlling Rhizoctonia solani on sugar beet}, abstract ={Rhizoctonia solani is the most serious problem on sugar beet Beta vulgaris L. grown in North Dakota and Minnesota. Picoxystrobin, a quinone outside inhibitor, and penthiopyrad, a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, were used alone and in combinations for controlling R. solani AG 2-2 IIIB on sugar beet under greenhouse conditions of 22 ± 2 °C and a 12-h photoperiod. Fungicides were applied in-furrow at planting, followed by inoculation with R. solani grown on barley seeds. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates and the experiment was repeated three times. Stand counts were taken and roots were evaluated for symptoms using a 0 to 7 scale 21 days after inoculation. Analysis of variance was conducted by the SAS general linear model, and Fisher’s protected least significant difference at α = 0.05 was used to compare treatment means. Fungicides used alone and in mixtures provided effective control of R. solani, which had significantly greater percent survivors than the inoculated check. This research demonstrated that picoxystrobin and penthiopyrad have the potential to be used for providing control of R. solani on sugar beet.  }, Keywords = {Rhizoctonia root rot,Sugar beet,picoxystrobin,penthiopyrad,Rhizoctonia solani}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {33-38}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10010-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10010-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Alam, Md. and Alam, Md. and Alam, Syed and Miah, Md. Ramiz and Mian, Md. Ismail and Hossain, M.}, title = {Mass rearing of Bracon hebetor (Hym.: Braconidae) on wax moth, Galleria mellonella (Lep.: Pyralidae) with varying density of parasitoid and the host}, abstract ={Rearing methods for Bracon hebetor (Say) (Hym., Braconidae) were investigated in the series of laboratory experiments designed to enhance the yield of the mass rearing of this parasitoid for biological control of lepidopteran field and stored product pests. In these experiments, the effects of parasitoid and host densities on fertility and sex ratio of B. hebetor were assessed. In parasitoid densities, 50 last-instar greater wax moth (GWM) Galleria mellonella (L.) larvae were placed per container and 1, 2, 4, 8 or10 pairs of B. hebetor (one male and one female) were released in each container. In host density study two pairs B. hebetor were introduce in six different densities (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60) of host, GWM per container. A density of ten male-female pairs of B. hebetor produced a higher number of progeny (205 ± 7.07 adults) on 50 last instar larvae of GWM. Similarly, in a host density experiment, a density of 60 last instars GWM larvae produced a significantly higher number of parasitoid progeny (142.0  ±  8.75 adults), followed by 50 last instar larvae (141.0 ± 8.34 adults) among the tested host densities when two pairs of B. hebetor were used. The sex ratio of progenies was male-biased in all studies and there were no significant effects on sex ratio in various parasitoid and host densities. In mass rearing experiment, total number of emerged parasitoids per 200 wax moth larvae was 1091 ± 82.38 adults with mean parasitism rate of 98 ± 0.8%.  }, Keywords = {Biological control,mass rearing,Bracon hebetor,parasitoid density,host density}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {39-48}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7636-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7636-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {JavadiKhederi, Saeid and Khanjani, Mohammad and AhmadHoseini, Mohammad and Hosseininia, Asghar and Safari, Hass}, title = {Effects of drought stress and super absorbent polymer on susceptibility of pepper to damage caused by Aphis gossypii Glover (Hem.: Aphididae)}, abstract ={Pepper plant Capsicum annuum L. has great nutritional value and many pharmaceutical properties but its sensitivity to pests such as Aphis gossypii Glover, especially in drought stress conditions, has limited its production. To evaluate the effect of drought stress on the population and damage rate of this pest in greenhouse condition, four moisture treatments including; full irrigation, 15, 30 and 45 percent of water deficit, and four treatments with different amounts of super absorbent polymer (SAP) containing 2, 4, 6 and 8 g per pot were separately performed in completely randomized design. Four weeks after applying drought stress, the pots were moved near the aphid sources. Density of aphids was examined after one month of infestation, and the plant growth characteristics after two months. It was found that the increase in severe drought stress (45% DI45) significantly raised the population of this pest and remarkably decreased plant growth rate and yield. However, the low stress of drought (15% DI15) not only caused relative reduction of insect’s population, but also saved water consumption and increased crop yield. However, the insect population was elevated as a result of increase in the amount of irrigation. Although the excessive use of SAP (8 g) increased the aphid population, the current experiment showed the use of 4 and 6 g of super absorbents could minimize the irrigation stress, decrease the pest population and improve yield of the plants by retaining the moisture in drought conditions.}, Keywords = {Drought,Aphis gossypii,Pepper,super absorbent,water stress}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {49-57}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-6383-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-6383-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ghods, Sara and Shojaeddini, Vahhab}, title = {A novel automated image analysis method for counting the population of whiteflies on leaves of crops}, abstract ={Counting the population of insect pests is a key task for planning a successful integrated pest management program. Most image processing and machine vision techniques in the literature are very site-specific and cannot be easily re-usable because their performances are highly related to their ground truth data. In this article a new unsupervised image processing method is proposed which is general and easy to use for non-experts. In this method firstly a hypothesis framework is defined to distinguish pests from other particles in a captured image after texture, color and shape analyses. Then, the decision about each hypothesis is made by estimating a distribution function for sizes of particles which are presented in the image. Performance of the proposed method is evaluated on real captured images that belong to plants in green housesand farms with low and high densities of whiteflies. The obtained results show the greater ability of the proposed method in counting whiteflies on crop leaves compared to adaptive thresholding and K-means algorithms. Furthermore it is shown that better counting of the pest by proposed algorithm not only doesn't lead to extracting more false objects but also it decreases the rate of false detections compared to the results of the alternative algorithms.  }, Keywords = {pest population monitoring,Image processing,whiteflies,size distribution}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {59-73}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11814-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11814-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Pujari, Jagadeesh Devidas and SiddarammayyaYakkundimath, Rajesh and Jahagirdar, Shamrao and Byadgi, Abdul}, title = {Quantitative detection of soybean rust using image processing techniques}, abstract ={Rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. is a major constraint to soybean product in Asia. Early detection and possibilities of controlling plant diseases by the integration of several image processing methods has been the subject of extensive research. The main contribution of this paper is to present different methodologies for quantitatively detecting soybean rust at each stage of disease development, identify disease even before specific symptoms become visible and grade based on percentage of disease severity. Severity of rust infection levels at each stage of disease development was observed for 25 days on soybean leaf. Then color distribution and pixel relationship in rust infected leaf image was calculated based on global and local features for quantifying rust severity. Further, rust disease was categorized into grades based on infection severity levels and percentage disease index (PDI) was calculated. The maximum PDI of 95.5 was observed at 25th day and minimum PDI of 0.2 was observed at 6th day.  }, Keywords = {disease severity,color features,global region, local region, soybean rust}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {75-87}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8488-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8488-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Nazari, Mahsa and ShahidiNoghabi, Shahnaz and Mahdian, Kamr}, title = {Effects of pyriproxyfen and imidacloprid on mortality and reproduction of Menochilus sexmaculatus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), predator of Agonoscena pistaciae}, abstract ={The effect of two insecticides, imidacloprid and pyriproxyfen, were investigated on some biological parameters of ladybird beetle Menochilus sexmaculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) under laboratory condition. Theladybird beetle were exposed to insecticides by ingestion of the common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) (prey). For imidacloprid, maximum field recommended concentration (MFRC) (1/1 MFRC = 140 ppm), 1/2 and 1/4 MFRC were tested. For pyriproxyfen dilutions of 1/1 MFRC (50 ppm), 2/1 and 1/2 MFRC were used after 24 h. The 100% mortality was observed with imidacloprid in all tested concentrations, whereas no mortality was observed by pyriproxyfen even at the highest concentration (2/1 MFRC). Because of the high mortality observed with imidacloprid, lower concentrations of 1/10, 1/20 and 1/40 MFRC were tested and all predators were killed 3, 7 and 10 days after treatment, respectively. At 1/100 MFRC, no eggs were laid but prey consumption was continued for two weeks. At 1/1 and 2/1 MFRC of pyriproxyfen, ingestion of prey was reduced by 18% and 23%, respectively. At 1/1 and 1/2 MFRC of pyriproxyfen, fecundity and fertility of the coccinellid predator was decreased to 43% and 24.5%, respectively. Imidacloprid at 1/100 MFRC caused significant reduction on fecundity but had no detrimental effect on fertility of the produced eggs. Therefore, unlike the pyriproxyfen that had not acute toxicity, the imidacloprid was extremely toxic to coccinellid at MFRC. However, pyriproxyfen was able to affect on feeding ratio and reproduction of M. sexmaculatus.}, Keywords = {The common pistachio psylla,Insecticide,Menochilus sexmaculatus,Predator,Sublethal effects}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {89-98}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7557-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7557-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Esmaeili, Mehrab and Heydari, Ramin and Ghaderi, Rez}, title = {Three species of Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae) from Kermanshah province, western Iran}, abstract ={Three species of Paratylenchus were collected and identified from vineyards and apple orchards in Kermanshah province, western Iran. Descriptions, morphometric data, line drawings and microscopic photographs are provided for these three species. Paratylenchus audriellus and Paratylenchus straeleni are the two very closely related species, with a stylet longer than 40 µm, four lateral lines and distinct vulval flaps. The third species, Paratylenchus leptos, has a shorter stylet, three lateral lines and distinct vulval flaps. Paratylenchus leptos is a new record for Iranian nematode fauna, and male of P. audriellus is reported from Iran for the first time.  }, Keywords = {Description,Gracilacus,Morphology,new record,Paratylenchus,pin nematode}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {99-113}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-766-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-766-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Mortazavi, Saeideh and Ghajarieh, Hamid and Samih, Mohammad and Jafari, Ali}, title = {Effect of some diets on biological parameters of Apomyelois ceratoniae in laboratory and efficiency of natural pheromone traps in pomegranate orchards}, abstract ={Pomegranate fruit moth (PFM), Apomyelois ceratoniae Zeller is a major pest of pomegranate in Iran. In this study, the effect of four diets including pistachio, pomegranate, semi-artificial and artificial diets were studied on biological parameters of PFM in a growth chamber under controlled conditions at 30 ± 2 °C, 65 ± 5% RH and 16:8 (L: D) h. The results demonstrated that the longest incubation period, larval developmental time and preimaginal development time was observed on artificial diet and the shortest was on the pomegranate. The highest and lowest body length of fifth instar larvae were observed on pistachio and artificial diet, respectively. The heaviest weight of third day pupae was recorded for the larvae that were reared on pistachio (0.0275 ± 0.0004 g) while the lightest was on artificial diet (0.0216 ± 0.0004 g). In the next experiment, the effect of four diets was considered to assess the efficiency of pheromone traps in a twenty year old pomegranate orchard cultivated with Malasse Yazdi cultivars. The effect of food on catch of traps showed a significant difference. The virgin PFM that were fed with pomegranate attracted more males. Also the traps caught the males mostly from 11:00 pm until 4:00 am, with the peak time between 23:00 and midnight. No significant difference was seen between diet and time of catch, indicating that starting or ending time and the maximum time of catch was not affected by the diets.  }, Keywords = {biological parameters,catch time,Pomegranate fruit moth,Malasse Yazdi cultivar,artificial diet}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {115-124}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-1990-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-1990-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Jamali, Samad and Ghasemi, Farzaneh}, title = {Pathogenicity of Paecilomyces marquandii on eggs of Meloidogyne incognita}, abstract ={Among fungi, species of the genus Paecilomyces are considered as promising biological control agents with high potential to reduce root-knot nematode (RKN) and other nematode populations. In this research we investigated a soil hyphomycetes, Paecilomyces marquandii and its pathogenicity on eggs of RKN in vitro. In greenhouse test, root weight, plant length, fresh weight and dry weight of plants, gall index and proportion of infected eggs were determined. P. marquandii, effectively promoted growth of plants inoculated with M. incognita by suppressing its pathogenesis as root galling and reducing egg mass production. At 25 °C, a great number of nematode eggs were parasitized by P. marquandii, inhibiting juvenile development.}, Keywords = {Biological control,Nematophagous fungi,Paecilomyces marquandii,Meloidogyne incognita,Iran}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {125-130}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-2435-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-2435-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Koupi, Nazanin and Ghazavi, Mehran and Kamali, Karim and Baniameri, Valiollah}, title = {Virulence of Iranian isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae on western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)}, abstract ={The Western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis, an important greenhouse pest, has acquired rapid resistance to the chemical pesticides. Therefore, biological control is worth consideration as an alternative control method. Among the biological control agents, entomopathogenic fungi showed to be quite successful in some occasions. In this study, three Iranian isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae (‘DEMI001’, ‘DEMI002’ and ‘DEMI003’) were bioassayed for their lethal effects on the adults of the F. occidentalis, in vitro. The ‘DEMI002’ and ‘DEMI003’ had the lowest and highest LC50 at concentrations of 3.06 ´ 104 and 1.90 ´ 105 conidia/ml, respectively. Also, the isolate ‘DEMI002’ had the lowest LT50 of 4.39 ± 2.13 days at the concentration of 106 conidia/ml. The mean comparison showed that there was a significant difference between DEMI002 and DEMI003 in terms of virulence at most of the concentrations. Consequently, the ‘DEMI002’ can be considered as a promising tool in biological control programs of the F. occidentalis.}, Keywords = {Metarhizium anisopliae,Frankliniella occidentalis,Western flower thrips,bioassay}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {131-138}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11431-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11431-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Iranipour, Shahzad and Esfandi, Kambiz and Kazemi, Mohammadhossei}, title = {Life history of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), on four potato varieties in Iran}, abstract ={  Abstract: Colorado potato beetle (CPB), Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say),is the most important insect pest of potato in Iran. If local potato varieties vary in susceptibility to the pest, host plant resistance may provide management benefits to potato growers. A life table study was carried out to determine the relative suitability of four common potato varieties (Agria, Marfona, Savalan and Satina) for CPB development and reproduction in northwest Iran under laboratory conditions at 23 ± 3 ºC, 62 ± 10% RH, and natural photoperiod. Developmenttime and hence generation time was longest on Savalan (31.07 ± 0.48 d and 42.72 ± 0.71 d respectively) and shortest on Agria (27.8 ± 0.65 d and 35.99 ± 0.8 d respectively). Juvenile mortality was highest (47.5%) on Satina and lowest (22.5%) on Marfona. Intrinsic rates of increase (r) were 0.129 ± 0.005, 0.127 ± 0.005, 0.129 ± 0.006 and 0.104 ± 0.004, on Agria, Marfona, Satina and Savalan, respectively, that on Savalan being significantly lower than the others.The highest net reproductive rate was 145.26 ± 25.23 on Marfona and the lowest was 81.18 ± 2.71 on Savalan which was not significantly different among the cultivars. It seems that, among the four tested cultivars, the Savalan cultivar is less suitable to CPB, resulting in the poorest overall biological performance of the beetle, but the level of resistance did not appear sufficient to negate the need for other control methods.}, Keywords = {Colorado potato beetle,potato variety,Life table,mortality}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {139-148}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3130-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3130-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Adly, Dalia and Bakr, Ehab}, title = {The toxic effect of camphor vapour against Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and some of its natural enemies}, abstract ={Fumigant toxicity of camphor was studied against the aphid Aphis craccivora Koch and three associated natural enemies, i.e. Coccinella undecimpunctata L., Aphelinus albipodus Hayat & Fatima and Aphidius colemani Viereck. Aphis craccivora was the most tolerant one compared with all tested natural enemies as the recorded LC50 values were 12.71, 6.33, 1.16 and 0.48 mg camphor/liter space for the above mentioned insects, respectively. Subjecting newly emerged adults of A. craccivora to LC25 of camphor vapor significantly reduced female longevity from 17.6 to 6.45 days and reduced the female daily progeny from 4.44 to 1.93 nymph / female, which resulted in a reduction in productivity as finite rate of increase decreased from 1.57 to 1.14 female / female / day. Aphids that survived after subjection to LC50 were found to have significantly higher amount of acid phosphatase and G. S-transferase than non-treated aphids. Inversely, Survived aphids were found to have significantly less amount of β-esterases and alkaline phosphatase than non-treated aphids; while no significant difference was found in case of α-esterases. Camphor fumigant can be a candidate as a control agent against A. craccivora but with restriction because of its drawbacks on natural enemies.  }, Keywords = {Camphor,Aphis craccivora,Aphelinus albipodus,Aphidius colemani,Coccinella undecimpunctata}, volume = {5}, Number = {1}, pages = {149-156}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-4902-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-4902-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Hodjat, Seyed Hossei}, title = {Effects of crowding and stress on locusts, aphids, armyworms and specifically the hemipteran Dysdercus fasciatus Sign. (Hemiptera: Pyrrhocoridae)}, abstract ={Insect stress effects have been the subject of many reviews including heat, cold, and population stress. Production of winged aphids in unfavorable conditions or migrant phase of locust and armyworms, are reactions to crowding. Various crowding levels stress and treatment with low to high sub-lethal doses of insecticides at first had no effect but reduced Dysdercus fasciatus Sign. reproduction at higher levels. Stressors such as, crowding, toxins of sub-lethal doses of pesticides, host plant chemicals and environmental pollutants may produce comparable effects on insects.Stress may cause dispersion, migration, and insect pest outbreak.Locusts, aphids, armyworms and D. fasciatus react via plasticity to stressors including crowding stress by production of polymorphic phase. Neurohormones generally regulate the hormonal production of corpora alata, corpora cardiac and affect insect metabolism. This review relates the stress of crowding and insect phase to insect–plant relationships and the route to pest outbreak.  }, Keywords = {Crowding,stress,Locust,Aphid,Armyworm,Dysdercus}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {313-329}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-1290-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-1290-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Nazarpour, Leila and Yarahmadi, Fatemeh and Saber, Moosa and Rajabpour, Ali}, title = {Short and long term effects of some bio-insecticides on Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and its coexisting generalist predators in tomato fields}, abstract ={Tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is one of the most destructive pests of tomato in many parts of the world including Iran. Field studies were conducted to determine the short and long term effects of Bacillus thuringiensis var Kurstaki (Bt), azadirachtin (AZ), a mix of AZ + Bt, and indoxacarb, as a current chemical insecticide, on T. absoluta larvae. Also, effects of the insecticides were studied on the coexisting generalist predators, Coccinella septempunctata L., Chrysoperla carnea Stephens and Syritta sp. Sampling of T. absoluta and its coexisting generalist predators were performed 1 day before treatment (DBT) and one, 5, 8, 14 and 19 days after treatment (DAT). The results indicated significant short term effect of indoxacarb on the pest larvae. Indoxacarb reduced T. absoluta density and damages. Bt, AZ and mixture of them significantly suppressed the larval density at 19 DAT and caused significant reduction in leaf, stem and fruit damage. The highest long term effect on the pest abundance and damage were observed in Az + Bt caused 100% reduction in fruit and foliage damage compared to the control. The highest and lowest adverse effects on C. carnea, C. septempunctat and Serrita sp. were observed in indoxacarb and Bt treatments, respectively. Findings of this study imply that the mixture of Az + Bt has the highest selective toxicity on the pest and the lowest effect on its coexisting generalist predators.  }, Keywords = {Tomato,leafminer,Bt,Azadirachtin,indoxacarb,toxicity}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {331-342}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-4653-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-4653-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Hemmati, Akbar and Mansoori, Bahram}, title = {Sufficient application of NPK fertilizers: A practical and efficient strategy in the management of Verticillium wilt of potato var. Agria}, abstract ={Field experiment was conducted in 2010 and 2011, in order to study the effects of NPK fertilizers on the incidence of Verticillium wilt of a commercial variety 'Agria' in deficient soil at Eghlid Agriculture Research Station in the north of Fars province, Iran. Experimental design was randomized complete blocks and each treatment replicated three times. Treatments were the amounts of recommended NPK rate (180N, 125P, 100K), 20% and 40 % less and more than the rate based on the soil tests. Soil at planting sites was inoculated with 5 ml of microsclerotia suspension (70 ms/ml). Tubers weight, plant height and disease scores were recorded. Two-year combined analysis indicated that there were significant differences at 1% level between the treatments. The results showed a marked decrease in Verticillium wilt incidence and increase in yield when NPK was used at the recommended rate. Lowest disease score and highest yield even more than the cultivar potential were obtained in the plots when N was used 40 % more than the recommended level of the soil test (252 N), combined with K at the level of the soil test (100 K). P was essential for plant growth but had no effect on the disease.  }, Keywords = {Potato early dying,Verticillium dahliae,Disease control,Fertilizers,NPK}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {343-348}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11761-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11761-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Naeem-Abadi, Tahmineh and Keshavarzi, Mansureh}, title = {Involvement of protective enzymes and phenols in decay (Penicillium expansum) resistance in apple}, abstract ={Blue mold disease caused by Penicillium expansum is a major post-harvest disease of apples. In this research, the biochemical basis of apple resistance to this pathogen was studied in two relatively resistant and susceptible cultivars, Granny smith and Mashhad, respectively. The activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes and polyphenol content were compared at different time intervals of 0 to 7 days. Based on the results, fruit polyphenol content of Granny smith was higher than that of Mashhad PPO, SOD and CAT activity was higher in Granny smith than Mashhad but CAT activity decreased three days post-treatment. No detectable difference was found in POX activities in the two cultivars. It is concluded that polyphenols contribute in apple resistance to blue mold. Activation of PPO and SOD, lack of POX activity and decrease of CAT activity, all together, could lead to a toxic environment around the blue mold fungus.}, Keywords = {Penicillium expansum,blue mold,Apple,pathogenesis-related protein}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {349-357}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-423-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-423-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ghanbarzadeh, Bahareh and Safaie, Naser and MohammadiGoltapeh, Ebrahim and RezaeeDanesh, Younes and Khelghatibana, Fatemeh}, title = {Biological control of Fusarium basal rot of onion using Trichoderma harzianum and Glomus mosseae}, abstract ={Fusarium proliferatum, as a toxigenic fungus, is one of the important agents of onion basal rot (FBR). Among the control methods of the disease, biological control is considered as one of the best options. In this study, Trichoderma harzianum strain T100 at the rate of 1 × 106 cfu/g was mixed with pot soil artificially infested with F. proliferatum. Also Glomus mosseae was applied to each pot at the rate of three grams of soil containing 80 chlamydospores/ml. Combination of T100 and G. mosseae was used as well. Onion seeds were disinfected & planted in pots, arranged in completely randomized design in 4 replicates under greenhouse condition and finally, the individual or combined effects of these bioagents were assessed on FBR control and also root colonization by Glomus 23, 30 and 36 days after sowing. Inoculation of Arbuscular mycorrhizae improved onion growth effectively, but its biocontrol effect was not considerable. Trichoderma amended soil decreased disease incidence by 25% but its usefulness as biocontrol agent was reduced in the course of time. AM root colonization was decreased in plants in presence of Trichoderma. Nevertheless, the disease control in combination of Trichoderma and Glomus treatment was better than the treatments by each one of the agents singly. The disease control achieved by fungicide seed treatment was inferior to that of Trichoderma and Glomus in combination.  }, Keywords = {Biocontrol,Fusarium proliferatum,red onion,Trichoderma harzianum,Glomus mosseae}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {359-368}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7703-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7703-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Bahrami, Rahim and Kocheili, Farhan and Ziaee, Masumeh}, title = {Effects of asafoetida, geranium and walnut leaves essential oils on nutritional indices and progeny reduction on Rhyzopertha dominica adults (Coleoptera: Bostrychidae)}, abstract ={In this study, the efficiency of essential oils from asafoetida, Ferula assa foetida L.,geranium, Pelargonium hortorum L.H. Bailey and walnut leaves, Juglans regia F. was investigated on nutritional indices of Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) adults. Wheat grains were treated with different concentrations of the oils. The nutritional indices: relative growth rate (RGR), relative consumption rate (RCR), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and feeding deterrence index (FDI) were measured at 28 ± 2 °C, 65 ± 5% R. H. in continuous darkness. RGR, RCR and ECI deceased as the concentration level was increased. While, FDI percent increased significantly as the concentration level increased. Asafoetida oil had the most efficiency on nutritional indices and 28.61 ppm of the oil was enough to decrease RGR, RCR and ECI% to 0.032 mg/mg/day, 0.444 mg/mg/day and 6.994%, respectively. FDI percent of adults exposed to 6.5 ppm of asafoetida oil was 13.31% which increased upto 64.62% at the concentration of 28.61 ppm. In the second experiment, the effect of tested essential oils was evaluated on F1 progeny reduction of R. dominica. Walnut and asafoetida leaves essential oils significantly suppressed progeny production by (59.92%) and (53.2%) respectively. }, Keywords = {Essential oil,lesser grain borer,progeny,Relative growth rate,Relative Consumption Rate}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {369-375}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-624-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-624-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, Sima and Soltani, Jalal and Piri, Khosro}, title = {Soilborne and invertebrate pathogenic Paecilomyces species show activity against pathogenic fungi and bacteria}, abstract ={The fungal genus Paecilomyces comprises numerous pathogenic and saprobic species, which are regularly isolated from insects, nematodes, soil, air, food, paper and many other materials. Some of the Paecilomyces species have been known to exhibit capabilities for curing human diseases. Here, bioactivities of metabolites from some soil inhabitant and invertebrate pathogenic Paecilomyces species were explored against a panel of target prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. First, Petri plate assays indicated that all tested Paecilomyces species were capable of producing diffusible metabolites and volatile compounds with antifungal activities against Pyricularia oryzae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Subsequently, the metabolites of the Paecilomyces species were extracted and the growth inhibitory and antimitotic effects of extra-cellular metabolites were shown using the yeast S. cerevisiae as a model. Further research indicated some antibacterial activity of extra-cellular metabolites from Paecilomyces species against human pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes (G+) and Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi (G-). These findings indicate that the Paecilomyces species, either saprobic or pathogenic, have a strong arsenal of bioactive metabolites which show inhibitory or cytotoxic effects against other microorganisms, with a potential for application in agroforestry and medicine. }, Keywords = {Paecilomyces fumoroseus,Paecilomyces lilacinus,Paecilomyces variotii,Secondary metabolite,volatile compounds,antifungal,Antibacterial,antimitotic}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {377-387}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-12010-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-12010-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Eslahi, Mohammad Reza and Mojerlou, Shideh}, title = {Modeling of crop loss caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in three common wheat cultivars in southern Iran}, abstract ={Stripe rust cause by Pucciniastriiformis f. sp. tritici is one of the most important diseases of wheat and can cause severe yield loss in many wheat growing regions of the world including Iran. To determine yield loss caused by this disease and evaluate the effect of some chemical components on reduction of yield loss in south of Iran, field experiments were carried out in split plot design with three replications at Ahvaz research station during 2014-2015. Three cultivars; Chamran, Virinak and Boolani, were used and artificial inoculation was performed using an isolate which was collected from south of Iran and designated as Yr27 race variant. Meanwhile the effects of propiconazole and some herbicides on yield loss reduction were studied. In this study, grain yield and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) were measured. Statistical analysis showed that the level of the yield reduction was significantly different in the three studied cultivars and different treatments. Propiconazole could control the disease significantly. The highest yield loss was observed for cv. Boolani in both with (9%) and without (54%) fungicide treatments. Combined application of propiconazole and herbicides significantly reduced yield loss compared with using them separately. The results of crop loss modeling using integral and multiple point regression models showed that the integral model (L = 0.017AUDPC-17.831) could explain more than 69% of AUDPC variations in relation to crop loss in all cultivars. In multiple point models, disease severity at various dates was considered as independent variable and crop loss percentage as dependent variable. This model with the highest coefficient of determination had the best fitness for crop loss estimation. The results showed that the disease severity at GS39, GS45, GS50 and GS60 stages (Zadok's scale) were more important for crop loss prediction than those in other phenological stages.}, Keywords = {AUDPC,Crop loss,Modeling,Stripe rust,Wheat}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {389-395}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-125-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-125-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Shahbazi, Samira and Askari, Hamed and Mojerlou, Shideh}, title = {The impact of different physicochemical parameters of fermentation on extracellular cellulolytic enzyme production by Trichoderma harzianum}, abstract ={This study was undertaken to find out the optimum physicochemical parameters of fermentation, i.e. pH, incubation temperature and incubation time for the cellulase enzyme production of Trichoderma harzianum. The extracellular protein content was estimated by the dye binding method of Bradford. Endo-glucanase (EG), exoglucanase (or Cellobiohydrolase; CBH), β-glucosidase and total cellulase activity were investigated. The molecular weight of cellulase enzymes was studied using SDS-PAGE. To identify the predominant catalytic components in optimum conditions of enzyme production, cellulases were separated by an adapted two-dimensional electrophoresis technique. Estimated optimum conditions for cellulase enzyme were found as: pH 6.5, incubation temperature 28°C and incubation time 72 h. The SDS-PAGE profiles showed several enzyme bonds such as CBHs, EGs and BGLs. The T. harzianumhad both enzyme bonds of Cel7A (CBHI) and Cel7B (EG). Finally, the results of the 2D PAGE analysis showed that the profile of protein in optimium conditions of enzyme production had several enzymes such as CBHs, EGs and the high values of cellulose activity due to synergism that occurred between the CBH and EG. }, Keywords = {Trichoderma harzianum,Cellulase enzyme,SDS-PAGE,2D-PAGE}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {397-412}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-272-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-272-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Yarahmadi, Fatemeh and Salehi, Zohreh and Lotfalizadeh, Hossei}, title = {Two species of the genus Elachertus Spinola (Hym.: Eulophidae) new larval ectoparasitoids of Tuta absoluta (Meyreck) (Lep.: Gelechidae)}, abstract ={This is the first report of two ectoparasitoid wasps, Elachertus inunctus (Nees, 1834) in Iran and Elachertus pulcher (Erdös, 1961) (Hym.: Eulophidae) in the world, that parasitize larvae of the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lep.: Gelechiidae). The specimens were collected from tomato fields and greenhouses in Ahwaz, Khouzestan province (south west of Iran). Both species are new records for fauna of Iran. The knowledge about these parasitoids is still scanty. The potential of these parasitoids for biological control of T. absoluta in tomato fields and greenhouses should be investigated.}, Keywords = {tomato leaf miner,parasitoids,identification,Biological control}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {413-418}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8943-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8943-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, Helen and Saboori, Alireza and ZahediGolpayegani, Azadeh}, title = {The olfactory response of Phytoseiulus persimilis on Tetranychus urticae infested bean and cucumber leaves}, abstract ={While searching for food, predators use herbivore induced plant volatiles (HIPV), host plant volatiles and those related to con/heterospecifics to find their prey. Not only the volatile components vary among plant species, but also the predator perception of these components might differ among species and samples. Here, we compared the olfactory response of two samples (Turkey and University of Tehran) of Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) when received herbivore induced plant volatiles (HIPV) from Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) infested cucumber and bean leaves, along with testing the effect of rearing experience of Turkey sample on its olfactory response in our laboratory conditions. Our data showed that P. persimilis of both samples significantly moved towards leaf odors (either cucumber or bean) when they received clean air from the alternative arm. For both samples, the predator did not make a preference between clean bean and cucumber leaves. When the predators were offered a choice between T. urticae infested bean and cucumber leaves, they significantly moved towards bean leaves in both samples. Rearing experience did not affect the predator choice of host plant species and P. persimilis from both samples preferred odors related to clean leaves rather than clean air. The number of experienced predatory mites moved towards T. urticae infested bean leaves was significantly higher than that preferred T. urticae infested cucumber leaves in both samples. We discussed whether their similar olfactory responses would be related to their experience of previous rearing conditions.}, Keywords = {Olfactory response,Foraging behavior,Predator,Experience,Phytoseiulus persimilis,heterospecifics}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {419-430}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-9992-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-9992-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {GhafouriMoghaddam, Mostafa and Golizadeh, Ali and Hassanpour, Mehdi and Rafiee-Dastjerdi, Hooshang and Razmjou, Jabraeil}, title = {Demographic traits of Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) fed on Sitobion avenae Fabricius (Hemiptera: Aphididae)}, abstract ={Lady beetles are the most important predatory species among arthropods, so studying their population parameters gives a clear picture about their life span. The life histories of variegated lady beetle, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze), fed on the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae Fabricius, on different host plants were studied under laboratory conditions, at 25 ± 1 °C, 65 ± 5% Relative Humidity and a photoperiod of 16:8 (Light: Dark) h. Developmental, survival and fecundity data were analyzed using the age-stage, two-sex life table method. According to the age-stage, two-sex life table, the net reproductive rates (R0) of ladybird fed on S. avenae reared on Triticum aestivum var. tajan, Hordeum vulgare var. Dasht, Zea mays var. single cross 704 and Sorghum durra var. Speed feed were estimated to be 235.38 ± 36.15, 190.74 ± 33.37, 293.54 ± 46.66 and 137.46 ± 23.66 female offspring / female, respectively. Based on the results, the intrinsic rate of increase as an index of population increase of H. variegata, was 0.181 ± 0.006, 0.179 ± 0.006, 0.163 ± 0.006 and 0.162 ± 0.006 h-1 preyed on host reared on T. aestivum var. tajan Z. mays var. single cross 704 S. durra var. Speed feed and H. vulgare var. Dasht, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that by using the age-stage, two-sex life table we can accurately describe the growth, survival and development of the predator. Our finding may provide basic information for developing aphid biological control programs.  }, Keywords = {Two Sex,Demography,Hippodamia variegata,Sitobion avenae,host plant}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {431-445}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-9200-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-9200-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Paul, Dibyendu and Choudhury, Moumit}, title = {Larvicidal and antifeedant activity of some indigenous plants of Meghalaya against 4th instar Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) larvae}, abstract ={In the present study, seven indigenous, widely distributed plants of Meghalaya, namely, Pinus kesiya Royle (Pinaceae), Lantana camara Linn. (Verbenaceae), Litsea cubeba Lour. (Lauraceae), Gaultheria fragrantissima Wall. (Ericaceae), Mikania micrantha Kunth.(Asteraceae), Ambrosia artemisiifolia Linn.(Asteraceae) and Eupatorium riparium Regel (Asteraceae) were screened for their larvicidal and antifeedant activity against fourth instar larvae of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) under laboratory conditions. The crude extracts of all the seven plants demonstrated a dose dependent increase in bioactivity. However the bioactivity of four plants namely, L. camara, G. fragrantissima, L. cubeba and P. kesiya was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) than the negative (solvent) control and extracts of A. artemisiifolia, E. riparium and M. micarantha. Methanol extract of L. camara caused highest oral toxicity with larval mortality ranging between 27.77% and 53.33% across the test concentration (0.25%, 0.5% and 1% w/v) while extract of G. fragrantissima demonstrated the highest feeding deterrence with reduction in larval feeding by50.92% and 70.61% at 0.1% and 0.5% respectively. Crude extract of L. cubeba leaves demonstrated high oral toxicity and feeding deterrence while extract of the needles of P. kesiya showed moderate level of oral toxicity as well as feeding deterrence at the highest tested concentration. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts of these four plants, revealed the presence of five different classes of phytocompounds each of which is known to have deleterious effect on insect pests.Thus it may be concluded that four out of the seven plants possess insecticidal property and can be further investigated for the development of a potent botanical insecticide.}, Keywords = {Plant Extract,oral toxicity,antifeedant activity,Helicoverpa armigera,Meghalaya}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {447-460}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3118-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3118-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Panchal, Balaji and Kachole, Manvendr}, title = {Inhibition of Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) gut proteases with Ipomoea batatas inhibitors}, abstract ={Chilo partellus is a devastating sorghumand maize pest that exists worldwide. C. partellus gut proteases (CPGPs) were isolated, purified and characterized. We analyzed potential trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors (TIs) from tuber plants to identify the protease inhibitors (PIs) of CPGPs. PIs from Ipomoea batatas completely inhibited protease activity and growth and led to reduced C. partellus insect larvae weights. One PI was purified from I. batatas tubers and identified as a potent antagonist of CPGPs. In conclusion, we identified Ipomoea batatas inhibitors with significant potential applications in developing resistant transgenic sorghum and maize crops.}, Keywords = {Chilo partellus insects,CPGPs,Host and non-host PIs,BApNA,GXCP}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {461-472}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10906-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10906-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Khoshnazar, Farnaz and Eini, Omi}, title = {Response of tomato cultivars to agroinfection with Beet curly top Iran virus}, abstract ={Beet curly top Iran virus (BCTIV) is a member of the genus Becurtovirus (family Geminiviridae) which constrain host crop production in various geographical regions in Iran. This virus infects several crops such as sugar beet Beta vulgaris and tomato Solanum lycopersicum. BCTIV infected tomato shows leaf curling, leaf distortion and stunting. In this study, we investigated the response of various tomato cultivars to BCTIV infection using an infectious clone of BCTIV under glasshouse condition at the University of Zanjan in 2013-2014. Based on a completely randomized design experiment twelve tomato cultivars were tested for their reaction to BCTIV infection. The replication of virus and symptom production was recorded and analyzed. Based on the obtained coefficient of infection and disease severity index, none of the tested cultivars was found resistance to the virus infection. However, one of the tested cultivars, Super Chief, showed no leaf curling symptom and the virus replicated at a significantly lower level in this cultivar as compared to a susceptible cultivar, Alindi 811, using quantitative PCR. Tomato cultivars including Grosse Lisse and Early Eurbana were grouped as susceptible while the other cultivars including Super Star were moderately susceptible to the virus infection. Therefore, growing this cultivar shows promise for an increase of yields from tomato plants prone to BCTIV infection after complementary field experiments. The screening of more cultivars or wild-type tomatoes for the identification of gene/s providing resistance to this viral disease is suggested.}, Keywords = {Agroinfection,BCTIV,resistance,Tomato}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {473-482}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-12386-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-12386-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Esmaeily, Mojtaba and Bandani, Ali Rez}, title = {Xanthogalerucella luteola (Col.: Chrysomelidae) α-amylase affected by seed proteinaceous extract from datura, wild oat and amaranth seeds}, abstract ={The elm leaf beetle, Xanthogalerucella luteola (Muller) (Col.: Chrysomelidae) is a serious pest of elm trees and it has been distributed all over the world. The current study was undertaken to investigate the inhibitory effects of protein extracts of three weed seeds including datura Datura stramonium L., amaranth Amaranthus retroflexus L. and wild oat Avena fatua L. against X. luteola α-amylase using spectrophotometric assay as well as in gel assays. The effects of five concentrations of each seed proteinaceous extracts were tested on α-amylase activity of the larval gut. The results showed a dose dependent manner in inhibition of the insect enzyme. At the highest concentration of protein extracts (12 μg protein) of all three seed extracts including amaranth, wild oat and datura, the inhibition was 71, 79 and 31%, respectively. Whilst, at low concentration (0.75 μg protein), the inhibition observed was 15, 36 and 5%, respectively. Thus, the greatest inhibition percentage was obtained when proteinaceous extract of wild oat seed was used. These results were confirmed when in gel assays were performed. All three seed proteinaceous extracts had an optimum pH inhibition of 6.0. Thus, it is concluded that wild oat seed proteins are potentially good for detailed investigation in order to get a clear picture of its active compound/s and its structure-function relationship.    }, Keywords = {elm leaf beetle,seed proteinaceous extract,α-amylase,pH,In gel assay}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {157-167}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-2834-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-2834-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Konani, Ehsan and Pourjam, Ebrahim and Pedram, Maji}, title = {Morphological and molecular characterization of Leptonchus granulosus Cobb, 1920 (Dorylaimida: Leptonchidae) from Iran}, abstract ={Leptonchus granulosus, recovered from Lorestan province, is described and illustrated based on morphological, morphometric and molecular data. The Iranian population of the species is characterized by its body length of 1091 - 1374 mm, cuticle distinctly two layered, outer layer finely annulated, inner layer distinctly annulated, being partly separated from the body and shriveled after fixation, cap-like lip region separated from the rest of body by constriction, distinctly sclerotised walls of prestoma and stoma, delicate needle-like odontostyle with distinct narrow lumen, 8.0-9.5 mm long, slightly arcuate odontophore, 17-21 mm long, with arms slightly thickened at base, small pear-shaped pharyngeal bulb, occupying 16.6-24.3% of pharynx length, simple intestine, very long prerectum (617-663 µm long), its junction with intestine having three distinct guard cells located between anterior ovary and cardia, didelphic female reproductive system, composed of equally sized less developed tracts, but with distinct parts (tubular uterus, simple oviduct and ovary), conoid to hemispheroid tail and absence of males. In comparison with the available reports of the species, no remarkable variation in morphometric data ranges was observed. This is the first representative of the genus for Iran’s nematode fauna found so far. Molecular phylogenetic studies of Iranian population of L. granulosus using 1669 nt partial sequences of 18S rDNA revealed it forming a clade with another isolate of the species in Bayesian inference (BI) with 0.95 Bayesian posterior probability (BPP).}, Keywords = {18S rDNA,Bayesian,Iran,Leptonchus,taxonomy}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {169-177}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-1777-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-1777-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, Hojjatollah and VenkataramanRamamurthy, Vilayanoor and Subrahmanyam, Ball}, title = {Configuration of nerve cord and characterization of brain neurosecretory cells in adult firefly, Luciola gorhami (Coleoptera: Lampyridae)}, abstract ={Nerve cord configuration and brain neurosecretory cell (NSC) characteristics were studied in adult firefly, Luciola gorhami, applying two methods, in situ and section staining. Nerve cord was of primitive type and consisted of brain, subesophageal ganglion, three thoracic and seven abdominal ganglia which were connected to each other serially through a pair of longitudinal connectives. Thoracic ganglia were separated and had the same size. All abdominal ganglia had the same size except the last one which was twice larger than the others. Abdominal ganglia were not fused with thoracic ganglia. Using in situ staining, 26 neurosecretory cells (NSCs) stained as median neurosecretory cells (MNSCs) and lateral neurosecretory cells (LNSCs). MNSCs consisted of 20 cells in three groups in pars intercerebralis. MNSCs had a U shaped arrangement in such a way that 4 round and large cells were located in front and two parallel groups (8 pryiform to round cells in each group) located in back. LNSCs were comprised of 6 large cells in two groups (one group on each lateral lobe of protocerebrum). MNSCs pathways were not clear but LNSCs pathways were clear and ipsilateral. Using section staining, large number of NSCs in pars intercerebralis stained gray and purple in color. Gray cells were large, more in number and appeared in many sections. Purple cells were large and grouped in the middle of gray cells. Both types of cells were on the surface area of brain and had large nucleus. Their axons were bundled together and extended backwards to the rear of brain.}, Keywords = {In situ staining,Nerve cord,Neurosecretory cells (NSCs),Section staining}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {179-187}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10591-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10591-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {AhmadiMansourabad, Mahmoud and Ghaderi, Reza and Kashi, Leila and Karegar, Akbar}, title = {Observations on Hoplolaimus indicus Sher, 1963 and Hoplolaimus seinhorsti Luc, 1958 (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae) from Southern Iran}, abstract ={Morphological observations are made on several populations of Hoplolaimus indicus and Hoplolaimus seinhorsti, recovered from rhizosphere of mango, tamarind, sour orange and sugarcane from the southern regions of Iran. Detailed studies on the two species Hoplolaimus dubius and H. indicus being separated from each other based on some morphological characters, revealed each of them having intra-specific and overlapping variations in morphology and morphometric ranges, enough for not separating two closely related aforementioned species and as a result, H. dubius is considered as a junior synonym of H. indicus. Observations on H. seinhorsti also supported the Siddiqi’s decision on the synonymy of Hoplolaimus sheri with H. seinhorsti. The results of the phylogenetic analyses using D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA gene were in agreement with the results of previous works, i.e. the classic scheme for assigning species of the genus into two "ancestral" and/or "derived" groups was supported. In phylogenetic trees inferred, using different analysis methods, the Iranian populations of H. indicus were located in the same clade with H. seinhorsti and H. columbus, belonging to "derived" group of species of the genus characterized by having six nuclei in pharyngeal glands, less than four incisures at each lateral field and anteriorly situated position of excretory pore to hemizonid.}, Keywords = {28S rRNA,Hoplolaimus dubius,H. sheri,identification,Morphology}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {189-201}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-9631-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-9631-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {PiriAliabadi, Frouzan and Sahragard, Ahad and Ghadamyari, Mohamm}, title = {Lethal and sublethal effects of a chitin synthesis inhibitor, lufenuron, against Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)}, abstract ={Glyphodes pyloalis Walker is a serious pest of mulberry trees in Iran. In this study, lethal (LC50 = 19 ppm) and sublethal effects (LC10 = 3.74 andLC30 = 9.77 ppm) of lufenuron were evaluated against 4th instar larvae of G. pyloalis. After treating the larvae at LC30 and LC50 level, most of them died during the molting process and only a few individuals developed to the 5th larval instar. The highest rate of mortality wasobserved in 5th larval (68.42%) and pre-pupal (59.57%) stages at LC50 concentration. Also, lufenuron caused an increase in larval, pre-pupal and pupal developmental periods. The successful pupation decreased to 53.64% at the LC30. Also, no prepupa molted to pupation after treatment of larvae at the LC50. Larval weight was significantly reduced at 48, 72 and 96 h after treatment, compared to the control. Adult emergence and female longevity were also reduced at LC30. The LC30 of lufenuron negatively affected reproduction of G. pyloalis. Larval content of carbohydrate and protein were decreased significantly 48 and 72 h after treatment, however, lipid and glycogen content were decreased significantly only 72 h after treatment at LC10, LC30 or LC50. Findings indicated adverse effects on some biological and biochemical parameters at lethal and sublethal concentrations of lufenuron which necessitate further investigations for its application in an integrated management of G. pyloalis.}, Keywords = {Glyphodes pyloalis,lufenuron,fecundity,sub-lethal effects,IGR}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {203-214}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-522-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-522-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {E.Isabirye, Brian and Rwomushana, Iv}, title = {Current and future potential distribution of maize chlorotic mottle virus and risk of maize lethal necrosis disease in Africa}, abstract ={Maize Lethal Necrosis (MLN), caused by the synergistic effect of maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV; Tombusviridae: Machlomovirus) and any potyvirus, has the potential to devastate maize production across Africa. Since the first report in Kenya in 2011, MLN has spread to Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, and probably other surrounding countries. To understand the spatiotemporal distribution of MCMV and MLN risk in Africa, we developed ecological niche models using a genetic algorithm (GARP). Model inputs included climatic data (temperature and rainfall) and known detections of MCMV and MLN across Africa. Model performances were more statistically significant (p < 0.05) than random expectations, with Receivership Operating Curves (ROC) / Area Under Curve (AUC) scores above 86% and Kappa values above 0.936. Field observations generally confirmed model predictions. MCMV and MLN-positive incidences across the region corresponded to a variety of temperature and precipitation regimes in the semi-arid and sub-humid tropical sectors of central and eastern Africa. Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Democratic Republic of Congo have the potential to lose 662,974, 625,690 and 615,940 km2 potential maizelandmass, respectively. In terms of proportional loss of national maize production area, Rwanda, Burundi, and Swaziland have the potential to lose each 100%, and Uganda 88.1%. Future projections indicate smaller potential areas (-18% and -24% by 2020 and 2050, respectively) but climates consistent with current MCMV distributions and MLN risk are predicted even into the future. In conclusion, MLN risk in Africa is high, hence the need for better allocation of resources in management of MLN, with special emphasis on eastern and central Africa, which are and will remain hotspots for these problems in the future.}, Keywords = {Africa,GARP,Hotspots,maize,MCMV,MLN,Climate change}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {215-228}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-526-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-526-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {KarbalaeiKhiavi, Hossein and Davoodi, Abbas}, title = {Resistance evaluation of some commercial Vitis vinifera varieties to powdery mildew Erysiphe necator Schwein. in two regions of Iran}, abstract ={Powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe necator is a common and severe fungal disease of grapevine all over the world including Iran. Although the application of chemical fungicides is the most common control method, the use of resistant varieties may be the most effective and environmentally sound strategy for managing the disease. Twenty two grape varieties were evaluated against powdery mildew under natural infection and artificial inoculation during 2011–2013 in Ardabil and Qazvin provinces of Iran. In this study, Perlett, Robee seedless, Flame seedless and Tompson seedless varieties were immune; Mish-Pestan, Khoshnav and Torkamanestan 8 were highly resistant; Torkamanestan 4 and Superior seedless were resistant; Shahani-e-Qazvin and Shast-e-Arous were tolerant; Ghermez-e-Bidaneh, Sefid-e-Bidaneh, Fakhri, Sahebi-e-Ghermez, Peikami, Rishbaba-e-Sefid, Siyah-e-Samarghandi and Rotabi were susceptible and Rishbaba-e-Ghermez, Asgari, and Shahroodi were highly susceptible varieties to grape powdery mildew. In general, findings of this research may be used as resistance genetic sources for management of the disease in national and international programs.}, Keywords = {Grape varieties,powdery mildew,resistance,Uncinula necator}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {229-237}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8330-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8330-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Alipanah, Hele}, title = {Acleris kochiella (Goeze) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae: Tortricinae), a new record from Iran}, abstract ={Acleris kochiella (Goeze) collected in Gilan and Golestan Provinces and preserved in the Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum (HMIM) of the Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP) was identified during the study of Tortricidae material of the Lepidoptera collection. This species is newly reported for the fauna of Iran. A brief diagnosis of the species is provided.}, Keywords = {Tortricidae,Tortricinae,Acleris kochiella (Goeze),Iran,new record}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {239-242}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-9371-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-9371-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Jarrahi, Azadeh and Moharramipour, Saeid and Imani, Sohrab}, title = {Chemical composition and fumigant toxicity of essential oil from Thymus daenensis against two stored product pests}, abstract ={Plant essential oils and their constituents are recognized as proper alternatives to fumigants. Thymus daenensis Celak is one of these plants that have medicinal properties and is endemic to Iran. The essential oil was isolated by hydrodistillation from dry leaves using a modified clevenger-type apparatus and the chemical composition of the oil was assessed via GC and GC-MS. Fourteen compounds (100% of the total composition) were identified. Thymol (57.4%), carvacrol (9.8%), β-caryophyllene (6.9%), γ-terpinene (6.7%) and p-cymene (6.3%) were found to be the major compounds of the essential oil. The fumigant toxicity of the essential oil was tested against 1-3 days old adults of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) and Sitophilus granarius (L.) at 27 ± 1 °C and 65 ± 5% R. H. in darkness. The mortality of adults was tested at different concentrations (28.12, 40.62, 53.12 and 65.62 µl/l air) and different exposure times. At the highest concentration (65.62 µl/l air), T. daenensis oil caused 90 and 60% mortality with a 3 h exposure on C. maculatus and S. granarius, respectively. Based on LC50 values, C. maculatus (4.22 µl/l air) was significantly more susceptible than S. granarius (6.55 µl/l air). These results show the efficacy of T. daenensis oil for stored-products protection.}, Keywords = {fumigant toxicity,Essential oil,Thymus daenensis,Callosobruchus maculatus,Sitophilus granarius}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {243-250}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3686-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3686-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Mehdipour, Maedeh and Sendi, Jalal and Zamanian, Hossei}, title = {Calling song structure of Cicada orni Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) in Iran: A comparative study with other areas}, abstract ={Cicada orni Linnaeus, 1758 is an abundant and common cicada across Europe, North Africa, and western Asia including Iran. The male cicada produces a loud calling song for attraction of females from a long distance. The calling songs are known often to be species-specific and to function in part for species recognition. The present study compares variations in calling song of C. orni in Iran with those reported from other areas and also signifies the importance of calling song in species identification. C. orni were collected in Mazandaran, Iran during summer 2010. Four features were used: echeme duration, echeme period, interecheme interval, number of echeme/s and dominant frequency. Findings of present study showed some resemblance in time and frequency domains in the calling song among the populations of C. orni from Iran and those investigated in Greece, Iberian Peninsula and Turkey. The parameters of calling song showed maximal resemblance with species of Kosmas (Greece). The present results do not support C. orni from Iran as an independent subspecies. Thus, it is concluded that every feature of calling song can be effective in species recognition as is the case for several other parameters.  }, Keywords = {Cicada orni,Bioacoustic,Calling song,Acoustic divergence,Geographic variation}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {251-257}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-5663-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-5663-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Abdolmaleki, Arman and TanhaMaafi, Zahra and RafieDastjerdi, Houshang and Naseri, Bahram and Ghasemi, Abolghasem}, title = {Isolation and identification of entomopathogenic nematodes and their symbiotic bacteria from Kurdistan province in Iran}, abstract ={Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are commonly used as biological agents for control of insect pests. This study was carried out to identify EPNs, determine dominant and frequent species in Kurdistan province, Iran and characterize their symbiotic bacteria. Identification of EPNs was performed based on morphological and morphometrical characters and also rRNA-ITS gene sequences. Two EPNs, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) and Steinernema feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) were identified. Out of totally 150 soil samples collected mainly from mid-southern parts of the province, 60% were positive for EPNs. Heterorhabditis bacteriphora showed the highest frequency in this region, remarkably 59.3% of soil samples contained this species. Incidences of H. bacteriphora in grasslands, woodlands and alfalfa fields were 57.3, 14.6 and 28.0 percent, respectively. Steinernema feltiae was found only in alfalfa fields with 0.66% frequency. Bacterial symbionts of H. bacteriophora and S. feltiae were also identified based on biochemical characters and recA gene sequencing. In this research, two species of Photorhabdus were isolated from H. bacteriophora namely P. luminescens subsp. kayaii and P. temperata subsp. thracensis. Xenorhabdus bovienii was identified from infective juveniles of S. feltiae.}, Keywords = {Heterorhabditis bacteriophora,Photorhabdus luminescens,Steinernema feltiae,Xenorhabdus bovienii,Phylogeny}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {259-271}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11868-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11868-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Nouri-Ganbalani, Gadir and shahbaz, Mohammad and Fathi, Seyed Ali Asghar}, title = {Life history and life table parameters of the Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on twelve commercial tomato cultivars under laboratory conditions}, abstract ={Tuta absoluta(Meyrick) is a serious pest of tomato throughout the world. The life history and the life table parameters of T. absolutawere studied on 12 different commercial tomato cultivars. The longest larval developmental period (12.92 ± 0.11 days), the longest total developmental time (26.20 ± 0.22 days), the longest total pre-oviposition period (29.31 ± 0.63 days) and the shortest oviposition period (5.08 ± 0.43 days) were recorded on Korral cultivar. The highest pupal mortality was found on Korral (23.53%) and the lowest larval and pupal growth indices were observed on Korral (6.57and 8.87, respectively). The highest and the lowest overall mortalities were observed on Korral (35.00%) and on Valouro (21.67%), respectively. The lowest and the highest intrinsic rate of increase (rm) were found on Korral (0.1046 ± 0.0005 day-1) and on Valouro (0.1584 ± 0.0002 day-1) cultivars. Also the lowest finite rate of increase (λ) (1.1102 day-1) and the highest doubling time (6.63 days) of the tomato leafminer were observed on Korral cultivar. Therefore, it was concluded that among the 12 tomato cultivars that were studied in this research, Korral was relatively unsuitable to T. absolutaand can be used in the integrated control programs (IPM) of this pest.}, Keywords = {Tuta absoluta,Life history,Life table parameters,tomato cultivars}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {273-282}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-6047-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-6047-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Faraji, Niloufar and Seraj, Ali Asghar and Yarahmadi, Fatemeh and Rajabpour, Ali}, title = {Contact and fumigant toxicity of Foeniculum vulgare and Citrus limon essential oils against Tetranychus turkestani and its predator Orius albidipennis}, abstract ={Tetranychus turkestani is one of the most important pests of greenhouse plants in the southern provinces of Iran. Several benefits of using essential oils over chemical pesticides make them appropriate for IPM programs. Contact and fumigant toxicity of the essential oils of Foeniculum vulgare and Citrus limon against the spider mite and its predator, Orius albidipennis were investigated under laboratory conditions. Contact toxicity experiments were conducted at six concentrations, (0, 50, 100, 300, 800 and 2000 ppm) of each essential oil on the mature and immature life stages of the pest, and mortalities were recorded 72 h after exposure. In fumigant toxicity trials, LC50 values of the essential oils were determined on different developmental stages of T. turkestani and O. albidipennis. At 800 and 2000 ppm, both essential oils had high contact toxicity on the eggs, 2nd instar nymphs and adults of T. turkestani, while the same concentrations caused less mortality on O. albidipennis. No significant phytotoxicity of the essential oils was observed. The mortality rates of T. turkestani and O. albidipennis increased as concentration was increased. Also, the 2nd instar nymph of T. turkestani was more sensitive to contact application of the essential oils than other developmental stages. In the fumigant toxicity bioassay, LC50 values of the essential oil derived from F. vulgare on the egg, 2nd instar nymph and adult of T. turkestani were 16.08, 7.98 and 14.06, and the values for C. limon essential oil were 11.6, 9.86 and 11.52 µl × l-1air, respectively. The highest fumigant toxicity was observed against the 2nd instar nymphs of the mite. Fumigant toxicity of the essential oils was lower against O. albidipennis than against T. turkestani. This data suggests that the essential oils of these plants have the potential of being employed in the IPM programs of T. turkestani in greenhouse crops, especially cucumber.}, Keywords = {Essential oils,contact toxicity,fumigant toxicity,Phytotoxicity}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {283-292}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-1258-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-1258-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Zeinalzadeh, Leila and Karimi-Malati, Azadeh and Sahragard, Ah}, title = {Effect of four commercial barley varieties on life table parameters of Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)}, abstract ={Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) is one of the most important pests of stored products and known as factitious host for mass rearing of insect natural enemies. Effect of four commercial barely varieties including Fajr 30, Behrokh, Nik and Yousef on life table parameters of S. cerealella was determined at 26 ± 2 °C, 65 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 12:12 h (L: D). Data were analyzed based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. The results revealed that there were significant differences among various barely varieties regarding the developmental times, adult longevity and fecundity of S. cerealella. The longest developmental time (56.72 ± 0.29 days) was observed on Yousef. The longest and shortest male longevity were obtained on Behrokh (6.77 ± 0.27 days) and Yousef (5.79 ± 0.16 days). Moreover, female longevity ranged from 6.20 ± 0.18 to 7.23 ± 0.24 days on Yousef and Behrokh, respectively. The highest values of intrinsic rate of increase (r) were estimated 0.0719 ± 0.004 and 0.0717 ± 0.003 day-1 on Fajr 30 and Behrokh, respectively and the lowest values were 0.0539 ± 0.004 and 0.0542 ± 0.003 day-1 on Nik and Yousef, respectively. The longest generation time (T) was observed on Yousef. Furthermore, peaks of reproductive value occurred at ages of 45, 49, 48 and 53 days when reared on Fajr 30, Behrokh, Nik and Yousef, respectively. It can be concluded that Fajr 30 and Behrokh can be used for mass rearing programs of S. cerealella as an alternative host for natural enemies.}, Keywords = {Angoumois grain moth,Sitotroga cerealella,barely,developmental time,fecundity}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {293-305}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-2217-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-2217-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Piruznia, Amir-Reza and Lotfalizadeh, Hossein and Zargaran, Mohammad-Rez}, title = {First record of Hemiptarsenus autonomus (Mercet, 1924) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in the Middle East}, abstract ={Hemiptarsenus autonomus (Mercet, 1924) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae, Eulophinae) was found for the first time outside of Europe. Studied specimen was collected by a Malaise trap in the north west of Iran, East-Azarbaijan province, Khajeh (46°38'E & 38°09'N). Current record of Hemiptarsenus species of Iran adds up to seven species. These species and their geographical distribution in Iran are listed.}, Keywords = {Chalcidoidea,new distribution,record,Iran,fauna}, volume = {5}, Number = {2}, pages = {307-311}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-6804-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-6804-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Hamza, Amany and Mohamed, Ahmed and Derbalah, Aly}, title = {Fenton as advanced oxidation process for controlling downy mildew of cucumber under greenhouse conditions}, abstract ={In this research, the curative action of Fenton reagent (H2O2)/Fe(2+)), Fenton like reagent (H2O2)/Fe(3+)), Fenton complex (H2O2)/Fe(3+)/oxalic acid) and famoxadone + cymoxanil as foliar applications were examined against downy mildew of cucumber caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. and Curtis) under greenhouse conditions during two successive growing seasons. Likewise, the impact of these treatments was also investigated on some biochemical and growth characters of cucumber plants. In addition the toxicity of Fenton solutions were assessed on rats as for biochemical and histological changes in liver and kidney of treated rats with respect to control. Results demonstrated that famoxadone + cymoxanil was the best treatment against downy mildew followed by Fenton like reagent, Fenton reagent and Fenton complex, in both growing seasons. There was marked increase in each biochemical parameter of cucumber plants (chlorophyll, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase) and also in cucumber yield under all treatments compared to untreated control. No noticeable alterations were observed in liver and kidney of rats treated with the tested Fenton solutions compared to control. Fenton solutions could be utilized as efficient and safe means to control downy mildew of cucumber in greenhouse conditions.}, Keywords = {Downy mildew,fungicide,Fenton,disease,toxicity,histopathology}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {483-496}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-1866-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-1866-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {ModarresiChahardehi, Amir and Rakhshandehroo, Farshad and Mozafari, Javad and Mousavi, Leil}, title = {Efficiency of a chemo-thermotherapy technique for eliminating Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) and Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) from in vitro rose plantlets}, abstract ={Mosaic is presumably the most commonly encountered viral disease in roses. We have developed chemo-thermotherapy for eliminating Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) and Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) from rose plants. Chemotherapy and thermotherapy methods were also applied separately and their antiviral effect compared with the chemo-thermotherapy. In this procedure, infected explants were regenerated on MS medium containing ribavirin at concentrations of 10, 20 and 30 mg/l for 20 and 40 days, followed by a thermotherapy treatment for 30 days at 38 °C for 16 hours and 22 °C for 8 hours per day. The complex of rose viruses (ArMV and PNRSV) were effectively eradicated from regenerated rose plantlets as verified by double- antibody sandwich enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Thermotherapy alongside with chemotherapy (containing 30 mg/l per one month) during the period of four weeks was the best treatment for plantlet regeneration and virus elimination. The virus elimination efficiency from ArMV, PNRSV and ArMV + PNRSV infected plants were determined as 63.33%, 90.09% and 85.18%, respectively. A detailed procedure for elimination of mixed viruses is described.  }, Keywords = {Rose mosaic,virus elimination,chemotherapy,thermotherapy,ribavirin}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {497-506}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-971-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-971-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {AhmadiMansourabad, Mahmoud and KargarBideh, Akbar and Abdollahi, Mohamm}, title = {Effects of some micronutrients and macronutrients on the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, in greenhouse cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. Negin)}, abstract ={The effects of some micronutrients (iron, zinc and silicon) and macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) were evaluated on the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and plant growth parameters of cucumber (Cucumis sativus cv. Negin) in two independent trials. Each of iron, zinc and silicon micronutrients was used at 5 mg/kg of soil, as iron sequestrene (Fe-EDDHA), zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) and sodium siliconate (Na2O3Si), respectively. Furthermore, nitrogen at 60, 120 and 180 mg/kg, phosphorus at 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg and potassium at 12.5, 25 and 37.5 mg/kg of soil were used as urea, triple superphosphate and potassium sulfate, respectively. At four-leaf stage seedlings, 8000 nematode eggs and juveniles (2 egg and juveniles/gr soil) were added around the roots. After 60-days, data analysis indicated silicon + iron, significantly reduced the number of galls/g of root by 55 and 42% compared to control, in the two experiments, respectively, but none of these treatments resulted in significant positive effects on the growth or yield of the studied cucumber cultivar. When macronutrients were evaluated, results showed that N120P25K25 (120 mg/kg of Nitrogen, 25 mg/kg of phosphorus and 25 mg/kg of potassium) and N120P50K25 (120 mg/kg of nitrogen, 50 mg/kg of phosphorus and 25 mg/kg of potassium) significantly reduced the number of galls by 96 and 81% (experiment 3) and 79 and 70% (experiment 4) when compared with control, respectively. These both treatments also improved cucumber growth parameters such as shoot dry and fresh weights, root fresh weight and fruit yield.}, Keywords = {Control,Meloidogyne incognita,micronutrient,macronutrient,greenhouse cucumber}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {507-517}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-5071-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-5071-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Ahmadi, Mehrdad and Moharramipour, Saei}, title = {Interaction between essential oil of Rosmarinus officinalis and gamma radiation against Callosobruchus maculatus}, abstract ={In order to examine possible integration between irradiation and botanical pesticides, combined effects of essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis L. and gamma radiation were determined on mortality of Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Experiments were conducted by pretreatment with essential oil fumigation followed by irradiation and inversely, pretreatment with irradiation followed by essential oil fumigation. The mortality rate was assessed 72 h after last treatment. Integration of gamma radiation and R. officinalis oil enhanced the mortality of C. maculatus compared with control treatments of either irradiation or fumigation alone. Synergistic effects of mortality on 1-2 days old adults of C. maculatus were observed when exposed to combination of gamma radiation and essential oil. It was found that pretreatment with fumigation followed by irradiation was perfectly effective. The study showed that either of the pre- treatments could enhance the susceptibility of the pest to the other treatment. Our findings led to a conclusion that the combination of gamma radiation and R. officinalis oilfumigation has a potential for application in integrated management of C. maculatus.}, Keywords = {Irradiation,fumigant toxicity,Medicinal plants,Callosobruchus maculatus,Synergism}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {519-527}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11614-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11614-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Taghizadeh, Roya and Mohammadkhani, Nayer}, title = {Feeding deterrency of two medicinal plant extracts on Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)}, abstract ={The aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts from aerial parts of Berberis thunbergii L. and Alhagi maurorum Fisch. were tested against the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), for antifeedant activity, which was measured by nutritional indices parameters such as relative growth rate (RGR), relative consumption rate (RCR), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and feeding deterrence index (FDI). Treatments were evaluated by the method of flour disc bioassay in the dark, at 27 ± 1 °C and 60 ± 5% RH. Aliquots of 10 µl of several concentrations from each extract (0.25-2.0%) and controls (solvents) were spread evenly on the flour discs. After evaporation of the solvent, 10 adult insects were introduced into each treatment. After 72 h, nutritional indices were calculated. Results indicated that nutritional indices varied significantly as extract concentrations increased. The difference between extracts and treatments was significant (P < 0.05). In this study, A. maurorum decreased RGR, RCR and ECI significantly more than those of B. thunbergii extract. In addition, hydroalcoholic extracts decreased RGR, RCR and ECI significantly more than those of aqueous extracts. Both plant extracts increased FDI as the extract concentrations were increased, showing high feeding deterrence activity against T. castaneum. Generally, antifeedant activity of A. maurorum was greater than that of B. thunbergii and hydroalcoholic extract was more effective than aqueous extract.}, Keywords = {Berberis thunbergii,Alhagi maurorum,medicinal plant extracts,nutritional indices}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {529-539}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3126-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3126-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Mbazia, Ahlem and OmriBenYoussef, Noura and Kharrat, Mohame}, title = {Effect of some chemical inducers on chocolate spot disease of faba bean in Tunisia}, abstract ={Botrytis fabae is one of the most important fungal pathogens attacking the leaves and the stem of faba bean Viciafaba L. and causes severe yield losses. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of four chemical inducers (salicylic, citric, ascorbic and oxalic acids) and one fungicide (Carbendazim) against B. fabae in field and glasshouse conditions. Under field conditions for two seasons and glasshouse experiments, plants treated with salicylic acid showed substantial and significant decrease in the disease severity on the leaves and the stem compared with the control and the fungicide. Salicylic acid was highly effective and controlled the disease better than Carbendazim which provided only partial protection. In vitro, the inhibition of fungal growth was investigated and showed that salicylic acid was the best inhibitor of fungal growth (48%) followed by oxalic (39%), ascorbic (33%) and citric (10%) acids 6 days after incubation. An important increase of total phenols was recorded in treatment by salicylic acid in the healthy and infected leaves of faba bean 12, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours after inoculation. These promising results on the control of the main fungal disease damaging faba bean in Tunisia and other regions will have an important impact on faba bean production. }, Keywords = {Botrytis fabae,chemical inducers,total phenols,Vicia faba}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {541-552}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-714-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-714-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Pandey, Rakesh and Chaturvedi, Ajit and Chaudhary, Rudal}, title = {Effectiveness of IPM strategies against eggplant shoot and fruit borer Leucinodes orbonalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)}, abstract ={Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenee) inflicts considerable damage on eggplant. In the present study farmers’ practice (Regime 1: Repeated use of different insecticides viz., Cypermethrin, Monocrotophos, Chlorpyriphos and Triazophos once or twice at weekly intervals) was compared with two IPM regimes, during 2010-12. The IPM regimes were: 1) Regime 2: weekly shoot clipping of infested twigs at the time of infestation along with installation of pheromone traps at 100/ha (lure was changed at 25 days intervals); and 2) Regime 3: weekly shoot clipping of infested twigs at the time of infestation along with installation of pheromone traps at 100/ha (lure was changed at 25 days interval) and need based application of NSKE at 4% and cartap hydrochloride at 1 g/l. The least fruit damage (20.46%) was observed in regime 3. With this IPM regime, the fruit damage was prevented by 35.01 to 36.18% and 22.87 to 23.33% additional yield was recorded over the regime relied upon only chemical pesticides. An additional income of USD $ 1064.22/ha was also obtained in open pollinated and USD $ 1799.35/ha in hybrid cultivars with a 10 to 11 times reduction of chemical sprayings in the regime 3. The selected regime not only reduced the total cost of crop production but also increased the net return per unit area. The IPM programme (regime 3) that consisted of cultural, mechanical and chemical components was proved to be an ideal management strategy against eggplant shoot and fruit borer along with a benefit: cost ratio of 3.65 to 4.27.}, Keywords = {Cartap hydrochloride,eggplant shoot and fruit borer,IPM,NSKE,pheromone trap}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {553-563}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10561-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10561-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Esmaeili, Mehrab and Heydari, Rami}, title = {New record of three species of Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936 (Nematoda: Anguinidae), with a key to the species reported from Iran}, abstract ={Fifteen species of the genus Ditylenchus were recovered and identified from Kermanshah province, western Iran. Morphological and morphometric characters of three known species namely D. filimus, D. hexaglyphus and D. nanus, being new records for Iran’s nematode fauna, are given and discussed. Ditylenchus filimus is characterized by having a short stylet (7-8 µm), four lines in lateral fields, well-developed and valvate median bulb, and the typical female tail ending to a filamentous process. D. hexaglyphus, is characterized by having a short stylet (6.5-8.0 µm), six lines in lateral fields, not developed and non-valvate median bulb, and conoid tail with rounded tip. D. nanus, is characterised by having a short stylet (6-7 µm), six lines in lateral fields, median bulb well-developed and valvate, and tail conoid with finely rounded tip. A dichotomous key for identification of the species occurring in Iran is also provided.  }, Keywords = {Ditylenchus filimus,D. hexaglyphus,D. nanus,identification,Morphology,taxonomy}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {565-579}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-4468-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-4468-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {EsmailzadehHosseini, Seyyed Alireza and Khodakaramian, Gholam and Salehi, Mohammad and Bertaccini, Assunt}, title = {Characterization of 16SrII group phytoplasmas associated with alfalfa (Medicago sativa) witches’ broom disease in diverse areas of Iran}, abstract ={Alfalfa witches’ broom (AWB) is one of the most important alfalfa diseases in Iran. To characterize 16SrII group phytoplasmas associated with this disease, symptomatic and asymptomatic plants were collected during 2013-2015 and subjected to direct and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using P1/P7, R16mF2/R16mR2 and R16F2n/R16R2. PCR amplicons of ~1.8, ~1.4 and ~1.25 kb respectively, were obtained only from all symptomatic plants. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of R16F2n/R2 amplicons showed that the phytoplasma associated with AWB disease were members of 16SrII group subgroups 16SrII-D and -C. Blast analysis of these amplicon sequences and sequence homology of collected strains and strain sequences retrived from GenBank (AWB strains Chahgeer, Juyom and Bushehr) confirmed that AWB phytoplasmas collected from Bafg, Ardakan, Bahabad and Herat (Yazd province), Nikshahr (Sistan-Baluchestan), Bam, Zarand, Jiroft (Kerman province), Bushehr (Bushehr province), Tabas (South Khorasan province), Jowkar (Hamedan province) and Zardenjan (Esfahan province) cluster with phytoplasma strains enclosed in the 16SrII-D subgroup, while AWB strains from Chahgeer (Yazd province) and Juyom (Fars province) cluster with phytoplasma strains in the 16SrII-C subgroup. Based on these results the predominant strains of 16SrII phytoplasmas associated with AWB disease in Iran were classified in the 16SrII-D subgroup. In Ashkezar and Abarkouh in Yazd province entire alfalfa farm was infected with witches’ broom disease. In 3 year alfalfa stands in Ashkezar alfalfa farms were plowed due to high incidence of the disease.}, Keywords = {Phytoplasma,16SrII-C and -D subgroups,PCR,RFLP}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {581-590}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11283-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11283-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Jafari, Mehrnoosh and Minaei, Saeid and Safaie, Naser and Torkamani-Azar, Farah and Sadeghi, Mehdi}, title = {Classification using radial-basis neural networks based on thermographic assessment of Botrytis cinerea infected cut rose flowers treated with methyl jasmonate}, abstract ={Many environmental and physiological factors affect plant temperature. The objective of this study was to use thermal imagery to investigate robust features for early diagnosis of Botrytis cinerea infection in cut rose flowers under the postharvest application of Methyl Jasmonate (MeJA). Three cases treated with different concentrations of MeJA (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 µl.l−1), a control (0 µl.l−1 MeJA) and an ethanol-treated case (20 µl.l−1 ethanol) were considered as five treatments in this study. Infrared images of MeJA-treated and non-treated flowers were captured during five consecutive days. Eight days after inoculation, disease severity in all concentrations of MeJA was significantly lower than that of control and ethanol treatments. Maximum temperature difference (MTD) index and median temperature could be used to diagnose the existence and growth of fungal pathogen, at least a day before any significant visual symptoms appear. To identify some robust features for classifying the infected and non-infected flowers, analysis of temperature frequency distribution was implemented. Laplace and normal distributions were considered as the best fitted probability distributions based on the shape of thermal histograms. Parameters of normal and Laplace probability density functions were estimated and the most effective attributes were selected. A radial-basis-function neural network with 60 neurons in the hidden layer was designed to classify and distinguish the infected flowers from the healthy ones. Results showed that the network can classify the infected and non-infected flowers with a 96.4% correct estimation rate.}, Keywords = {Laplace distribution,Median temperature,Normal distribution,Thermal histogram}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {591-602}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-9129-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-9129-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Bahraminejad, Sohbat and Seifolahpour, Behnaz and Amiri, Rez}, title = {Antifungal effects of some medicinal and aromatic plant essential oils against Alternaria solani}, abstract ={In this study, anti Alternaria solani effects of essential oils of 11 medicinal and aromatic plant species belonging to four families collected from the west of Iran were investigated based on agar dilution method with five replications at concentration of 1.0 µl/ml. The results showed that the highest inhibitory effect belonged to Oliveria decumbens, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Carum copticum and Thymus kotschyanus which completely inhibited the mycelial growth of the fungus. Therefore, their activity was examined in lower concentrations, too. The essential oil of O. decumbens at concentration of 0.50 and 0.25 µl/ml completely suppressed the mycelial growth of the fungus. The major constituents of its essential oil were carvacrol (46.53%), thymol (23.75%), p-Cymene (13.70%), γ-terpinene (7.66%) and myristicin (3.65%), respectively. Thus, the essential oil of this species with the highest anti-Alternaria activity could be selected for further studies on in vivo application as natural fungicide.}, Keywords = {Alternaria solani,Essential oil,fungicidal activity,GC-MS analysis,Oliveria decumbens}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {603-616}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10766-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10766-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Moslemkhani, Cobra and Mozafari, Javad and Shams-Bakhsh, Masoud and MohamadiGoltape, Ebrahim}, title = {Transcriptome analysis of tobacco in response to Ralstonia solanacearum infection}, abstract ={One of the best strategies to control bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) is generally based on breeding resistant cultivars. The information obtained from the expression of plant defense genes will provide new insight for improving plant resistance against pathogens. This study was to identify inducible genes under defense no death (DND) reaction of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)-R. solanacearum interaction using cDNA-AFLP technique. In this assay five different primer combinations were used. Out of 1320 Transcript derived fragments (TDF) that were detected, 101 fragments were identified as differentially expressed genes in 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours post inoculation. Most of the differentially expressed genes were obtained 48 hours post inoculation. Following sequencing, most of sequenced TDFs showed homology to known genes interfering in signaling, regulation and defense functions. DND phenotype in tobacco has some similarities specially in signaling process with mechanism associated with induction of the hypersensitive reaction and it is distinct from general defense mechanisms. }, Keywords = {Tobacco,Ralstonia solanacearum,Transcriptome,Interaction}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {617-626}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-1462-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-1462-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Golhasan, Behrouz and Heydari, Ramin and Esmaeili, Mehrab and Ghorbanzad, Hadi}, title = {Description of four species of Tylenchidae Örley, 1880 (Nematoda: Tylenchomorpha) with two new records from Iran}, abstract ={During a nematological survey, nineteen known species of plant-parasitic nematodes belonging to the family Tylenchidae (Tylenchomorpha: Tylenchoidea) were collected and identified from different localities of West Azerbayjan and Kermanshah provinces, Iran. Among them two species, namely Discotylenchus attenuatus and Tylenchus bhitaii, are new records for Iranian nematode fauna, the male of T. bhitaii is recorded for the first time. Also, two previously reported species Filenchus quartus and Tylenchus stachys are illustrated and described. Descriptions, morphometric data, line drawings and microscopic photographs are provided. }, Keywords = {Description,Discotylenchus,Filenchus,nematode,new record,Tylenchus}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {627-642}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10980-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10980-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {ShojaeiHesari, Elahe and PashaeiRad, Shahrokh and Seifalah-zade, Mortez}, title = {Two new records of the family Syrphidae (Insecta: Diptera) from Iran}, abstract ={During 2010–2011, a faunistic study of the family Syrphidae was carried out in Torbat Heydarie, Roshtkhar and Khaf (Razavi Khorasan province), northeastern Iran. Among the collected specimens, we found two species, Paragus gussakovskii Bańkowska and Platycheirus immarginatus Zetterstedt which are new records for the fauna of Iran.}, Keywords = {Hoverflies,new record,Razavi Khorasan province}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {643-648}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8000-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8000-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {Avasthi, Shubhi and Gautam, Ajay and Bhadauria, Rekh}, title = {First report of Cladosporium sphaerospermum causing leaf spot disease of Aloe vera in India}, abstract ={This paper deals with the study of a leaf spot disease observed on Aloe vera leaves in various nurseries and botanical gardens during the routine surveys of two consecutive years of 2010 and 2011. The symptoms appeared in the form of circular to oval, brown to black, sunken spots on abaxial surface of leaves. The disease was observed only in January to February during the survey. Colonieson PDA were velvety, dark olivaceous to greenish black in colour. The identification of the pathogen was done phenotypically using disease symptoms and microscopic characteristics. Further investigation identified it as Cladosporium sphaerospermum Penzig which was also confirmed at Indian Type Culture Collection (ITCC), IARI, New Delhi, India. According to the literature, this is the first report of Cladosporium sphaerospermum as causal agent of leaf spot disease on A. vera from India.}, Keywords = {Aloe vera,leaf spot,Cladosporium sphaerospermum,new report,India}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {649-654}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8364-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8364-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Annual index: Authors}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {655-657}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7700-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7700-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Annual index: Scientific names}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {659-665}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8192-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8192-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Annual index: Subjects}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {5}, Number = {4}, pages = {667-690}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10820-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10820-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2016} }