@article{ author = {Naseri, Bahram and Arghand, Akram}, title = {Effect of artificial diet containing seeds of five corn hybrids on nutritional performance of Helicoverpa armigera (Lep.: Noctuidae)}, abstract ={Nutritional indices of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) larvae, an economic insect pest of agricultural crops in the world, were studied on five corn hybrids (SC700, SC704, SC500, DC370 and SC260) when incorporated into artificial diets under laboratory conditions at 25 ± 1 °C, relative humidity of 65 ± 5% and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L: D) h. The highest values of consumption index (CI) and relative growth rate (RGR) for the fourth instars were on SC500 (37.21 ± 3.34 and 0.43 ± 0.07 mg/mg/day, respectively) and lowest values of these indices were on SC704 (21.44 ± 2.83 and 0.18 ± 0.04, respectively). Among the five corn hybrids tested, efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) of fifth instars was the highest on SC260 (6.92 ± 0.5%) and the highest value of efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) was on SC704 (10.71 ± 3%) while the larvae fed on SC700 had the lowest values of ECI and ECD (3.57 ± 0.3 and 4.39 ± 0.4%, respectively). For the sixth instar larvae, although the lowest CI and approximate digestibility (AD) values were observed on SC260 (3.49 ± 0.17 and 53.89 ± 3.70%, respectively) the highest value of ECI and ECD was on SC260 (9.11 ± 0.6 and 16.54 ± 1.5%, respectively). For all instars (fourth to sixth instars), ECD value of H. armigera was the highest on SC260 (10.15 ± 1.08%) and lowest on SC700 (6.32 ± 0.47%). The result of this study pointed out higher nutritional performance of the larvae H. armigera reared on SC704 and SC260 and lower performance on SC700 and SC500.}, Keywords = {nutritional indices,Helicoverpa armigera,corn hybrids,feeding performance}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-9}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8110-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8110-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Takalloozadeh, Hadji mohamm}, title = {Effect of different prey species on the biological parameters of Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in laboratory conditions}, abstract ={The prey suitability for generalist predators is an important feature for efficient mass rearing and IPM. The green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) is a polyphagous predator attacking several pests on various crops. This experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions at 25 ± 2 °C, 60 ± 5% R. H. and a photoperiod of 16L: 8D h. The effects of different prey species were investigated on the pre-imaginal development, survival, adult longevity and fecundity of the green lacewing. The results indicated that duration of each pre-imaginal stage development and total development time in C. carnea were significantly affected by species of prey tested. The total developmental period was 19.63 ± 0.125, 20.63 ± 0.180, 22.06 ± 0.183, 22.35 ± 0.120, and 23.81 ± 0.356 days on Aphis gossypii (Glover), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Aphis punicae (Passerini), Aphis fabae (Scopoli) and Aphis craccivora (Koch),respectively. The maximum mean fecundity per female of C. carnea was 478.50 ± 8.38 eggs recorded when fed as larvae on M. persicae followed by 409.33 ± 8.16 eggs on A. gossypii, whereas, the minimum of 242.78 ± 7.37 eggs was recorded when fed on A. craccivora nymphs. The longest female longevity was recorded for C. carnea fed on M. persicae. There was significant difference in adult longevity due to feeding on different preys. However, nymphs of M. persicae and A. gossypii were the best of the prey species tested, in that when fed on these species the pre-imaginal developmental period of C. carnea was shorter and its adult longevity, fecundity and percentage survival was greater than those fed on the other preys. These findings could be useful in defining more optimum conditions for the mass rearing of C. carnea in IPM programs.  }, Keywords = {Chrysoperla carnea,green lacewing,Development,fecundity,longevity}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {11-18}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7334-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7334-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Moslemkhani, Cobra and Shahbazi, Raheleh and BaghaiiRavari, Sareh and Khelgatibana, Fatemeh}, title = {Molecular characterization of aster yellows phytoplasma associated with citrus varieties, using Multiplex PCR}, abstract ={A survey was carried out in citrus nurseries in Mazandaran and Kerman provinces as the major citrus growing regions of Iran. Different varieties of orange and tangerine with abnormal symptoms were examined for the occurrence of Candidatus Liberobacter asiaticus, Spiroplasma citri and phytoplasma as the most important vascular limited pathogens in citrus. By visual inspection and molecular examination of 360 samples for the presence of fastidious prokaryotes only an occasional occurrence of phytoplasma and Spiroplasma citri were detected, using phytoplasma universal primer pairs P1/P7 and fU5/rU3 (in single tube nested PCR assay) and Spiroplasma specific primers P89-r/f and P58-6f/4r. PCR products of phytoplasmas were digested with MseI, AluI, BamHI and TaqI restriction enzymes and the digestion results showed phytoplasma related to aster yellows phytoplasma group. No amplicon was obtained for Candidatus Liberobacter asiaticus. The findings suggest when pathogen’s titer is low; symptoms of vascular limited diseases are almost confused with disorder and deficiency signs. So for sanitary selection and certification program, use of sensitive detection methods is recommended. Multiplex PCR assay used in this study successfully detected Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, Spiroplasma citri and phytoplasma in one reaction and is suggested for health certification programs.  }, Keywords = {vascular limited,Citrus,Phytoplasma,Multiplex PCR}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {19-27}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-4625-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-4625-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Kamali, Nasrin and Pourjam, Ebrahim and Sahebani, Navazollah}, title = {Elicitation of defense responses in tomato against Meloidogyne javanica and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici wilt complex}, abstract ={In this study, Trichoderma harzianum BI was evaluated for its capability to reduce the incidence and severity of the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, and Fusarium wilt, F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, as causal agents of a complex disease of tomato in the laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Initial in vitro studies revealed that the parasitism of M. javanica eggs by T. harzianum BI was up to 49.6%. In dual culture tests, maximum growth inhibition of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersiciby T. harzianum BI (55%) was observed on the fifth day in laboratory. In greenhouse studies, the efficiency of treatments was appraised by using nematode-related factors such as diameter of galls, number of galls per plant, number of egg masses per plant and also incidence of Fusarium wilt. The antagonistic fungus was further tested for its ability to induce production of defense related enzymes in tomato. The activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) was increasedsignificantly in the seedlings treated with the antagonistic fungus in comparison with control and its maximum amount was reached on the fourth day after inoculation with T. harzianum BI. Thus, the present study shows that in addition to direct antagonism, induction of defense-related enzymes, by T. harzianum BI that are involved in PAL pathway contributed to enhanced resistance against invasion of}, Keywords = {Meloidogyne javanica,Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici,Trichoderma harzianum BI,Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL)}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {29-38}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3954-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3954-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, Hamid and Sarcheshmehpour, Mehdi and Mafi, Ebrahim}, title = {First record of Botryosphaeria dothidea associated with pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) panicle blight in Iran}, abstract ={During spring and summer of 2012, a disease characterized by panicle blight was observed on some pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) trees grown in Kerman province. Eighteen isolates of a Botryosphaeriaceae were obtained from affected panicles. Based on morphological and molecular characteristics, isolates were identified as Botrysphaeria dothidea. To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. dothidea associated with pistachio panicles in Iran.}, Keywords = {Botryosphaeriaceae,internal transcribed spacer,Kerman province,Pistacia vera}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {39-42}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8602-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8602-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Vasebi, Yalda and Alizadeh, Azizollah and Safaie, Naser}, title = {Pantoea agglomerans ENA1 as a biocontrol agent of Macrophomia phaseolina and growth enhancer of soybean}, abstract ={On the basis of preliminary in vitro screening tests, a competent strain of Pantoea agglomerans ENA1 (P. agg. ENA1) recovered from soybean nodule was evaluated for its antagonistic activity against Macrophomina phaseolina causal agent of charcoal rot of soybean. The results of various in vitro assays showed that P. agg. ENA1 is capable of exerting strong antagonistic effect against M. phaseolina inhibiting its mycelial growth up to 89% as compared to control. The results showed a significant reduction of the disease as measured in host-plant weight increase, reduced microsclerotial coverage of the host tissues and decreased population of the pathogen in soil. Soils treated with the antagonist in presence of the pathogen resulted in 40% increase in aerial fresh weight and 63% decrease in root and stem surface covered by microsclerotia as compared with control. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the pathogen population ranging from 73 to 76% was observed in sterile and non-sterile soils, respectively. P. agg. ENA1 is suggested as a potent biocontrol agentthat provides excellent rhizosphere colonization and control of M. phaseolina    }, Keywords = {Macrophomina phaseolina,Biocontrol,soybean,Pantoea agglomerans,antifungal metabolite}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {43-57}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8035-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8035-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Albughobeish, Nahid and MoosawiJorf, S. Ali}, title = {New races of Tilletia laevis and T. caries, the causal agents of wheat common bunt in Khuzestan province, Iran1}, abstract ={In Iran, common bunt of wheat is one of the most important diseases of wheat and using resistant varieties is the best strategy against it. In order to find resistance sources against the disease for effective breeding programs, determining races of the pathogen is critical. In this study, spikes infected with common bunt of wheat were collected from different farms of Khuzestan province in 2005-2006. Tilletia laevis and T. caries were identified as the causal agents of the disease. Twenty selected isolates were inoculated on differential genotypes and planted in farm condition. Fifteen different pathogenic races were identified in this study; L-19, L-21, and L-1 (for T. laevis) T-11, T-1, T-2 and T-31 (for T. caries). Except L-21 and L-1, other races were reported for the first time in Iran until 2008. Also eight pathogenic races were identified based on virulence/avirulence patterns in this study. Results showed that host resistance genes Bt6 and Bt14 were effective against races of T. laevis, and host resistance genes Bt5, Bt6, Bt10 and Bt14 were effective against races of T. caries in Khuzestan province.}, Keywords = {resistance,pathotype,Tilletia foetida,Tilletia tritici,Iran}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {59-68}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3627-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3627-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Mirab-balou, Maji}, title = {New record of the genus and species Taeniothrips inconsequens (Uzel) (Insecta: Thysanoptera) from Qatar}, abstract ={Taeniothrips inconsequens (Uzel) of the subfamily Thripinae (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) collected on flowers from Doha is reported in this paper, which represents the first record of both the genus and the species from Qatar. Morphological characters and geographical distribution of the newly recorded thrips are given.  }, Keywords = {Thysanoptera,Taeniothrips,Qatar,pest}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {69-72}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-6460-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-6460-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Ebrahimi, Najmeh and Talebi, Ali Asghar and Fathipour, Yaghoub}, title = {Effects of short-term heat shock of eggs on the development and fecundity of Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)}, abstract ={It has been hypothesized that the survival, development, fecundity and population of insects are affected significantly by high temperatures. The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostell (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is a serious and economically important pest of cruciferous crops throughout the word. In this research, the adult longevity and fecundity of P. xylostella were studied in laboratory conditions. After applying heat shock stress, (30, 35 and 40 °C) for 2, 4, 6 and 8h, the experiments were conducted at 25 ± 1 °C, 65 ± 5% RH, and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L: D)h on Brassica napus. The developmental time of immature stages were significantly affected by heat shock temperatures (30 to 40 °C) compared to the 25 °C (control), but the developmental time of larvae did not differ significantly at 40 °C. The pupal development time differed significantly at heat shock temperatures, which was longest (6.13 ± 0.05 days) at 30 °C for 2h. Heat shock temperature also had significant impact on adult longevity and fecundity of diamondback moth. The longest adult longevity for females and males was determined to be 14.47 ± 1.04 and 11.04±0.95 days respectively at 35 °C for 2h. The fecundity of females fluctuated significantly with increasing temperature stress. Our findings provide useful information on the potential of this insect in response to environmental temperature changes.}, Keywords = {Plutella xylostella,fecundity,longevity,heat shock temperature}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {73-83}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-2233-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-2233-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Ghanney, Nadia and Rhouma, Ali}, title = {Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae) leaf extracts: Antibacterial activity against two Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains}, abstract ={Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius) leaf extract was applied against two strains of the crown gall disease agent (Agrobacterium tumefaciens); strains C58 and AR125. In vitro, we used the agar well diffusion method and the extract was tested in different solvents selected according to their polarity indices, at different concentrations and different incubation temperatures. In vivo, we tested the extract prepared in different solvents on the stems of young tomato plants (cv. Firenze) which were inoculated with the strain C58.The best results were obtained with the extract prepared in hot sterile distilled water and in methanol (0.3 g.ml-1) incubated at 25 °C and 30 °C. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated to be 10-4 g.ml-1. In another aspect, to identify the nature of certain substances from S. terebinthifolius leaf extracts, we made a test of fractionation using the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method and phytochemical screening of the crude methanol leaf extract. We noticed the presence of alkaloids and flavonoid compounds which may be responsible for the antibacterial activity. These tests indicated that false pepper leaf extract has an antibiotic effect against Agrobacterium tumefaciens both in vitro and in vivo, which represents a conceptual approach with great promise for future biological control.  }, Keywords = {Brazilian peppertree,Leaf extracts,the crown gall disease,Antibacterial activity}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {85-96}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-5122-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-5122-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Hazini, Farzaneh and Zamani, Abbas Ali and Peris-Felipo, Francisco Javier and Yari, Zahra and Rakhshani, Ehs}, title = {Alysiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitoids of the pea leaf miner, Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau, 1851) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in Kermanshah, Iran}, abstract ={Chromatomyia horticola (Goureau) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is a highly polyphagous leaf miner that causes severe damage to different crops. Sampling on the Alysiinae (Braconidae) parasitoids of C. horticola was performed at various locations of Kermanshah province during 2009–2010. Infested leaves of host plants bearing the larvae and puparia of C. horticola were collected and placed inside the plastic rearing boxes and transferred to laboratory. The samples were preserved for 2–4 weeks, until the emergence of parasitoids. Three species of Alysiinae parasitoids were reared and identified in association with C. horticola in Kermanshah including, Chorebus (Stiphrocera) aphantus (Marshall, 1986), Chorebus (Stiphrocera) uliginosus (Haliday, 1839) and Dacnusa (Aphanta) hospita (Foerster, 1862). All three species have been recorded for the first time as parasitoids of C. horticola. In addition, C. aphantus is newly recorded for the fauna of Iran. An identification key to the parasitoid species is given.  }, Keywords = {Biological control,Chorebus,Dacnusa,host association}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {97-108}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-1012-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-1012-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Behrooz, Seyed Yusef and Salari, Mohamad and Pirnia, Mahdi and Sabbagh, Seyed Kazem}, title = {Two new records of Cercosporoid (Mycosphaerellaceae) from Iran}, abstract ={Cercosporoid fungi including the genus Cercospora and other morphologically similar genera are associated with leaf spot symptoms on various host plants. In this research three taxa including Passalora cucurbiticola (on Cucurbita sp.), P. bolleana (on Ficus carica), and Pseudocercosporella capsellae (on Capsella bursa-pastoris, Sinapis arvensis) were identified. Among these, P. cucurbiticola and P. capsellae are new records for mycobiota of Iran.  }, Keywords = {Cercospora-like fungi,leaf spot,taxonomy,new species}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {109-112}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-6051-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-6051-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Ziaee, Masumeh}, title = {Influence of grain type on the susceptibility of Tribolium confusum adults to three diatomaceous earth formulations}, abstract ={Insecticidal efficacy of three diatomaceous earth (DE) formulations, DEBBM, DEA and F2 was evaluated on three different wheat cultivars, Chamran, Verinak and Behrang, against Tribolium confusum Jacqueline du Val. DEs were applied at the rates of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg. Bioassays were carried out on wheat at 27 ± 1 °Cand 55 ± 5% RH in continuous darkness. Mortality of adults was counted after 2, 7 and 14 days of exposure. Adults of T. confusum were the most susceptible to DEBBM in Behrang. So that DEBBM concentration of 100 mg/kg after 7 days of exposure caused 98% mortality which reached 100 after 14 days. Therefore, Behrang was the most tolerant cultivar to T. confusum infestations. Furthermore, DEBBM was more effective than the other two testedformulations.  }, Keywords = {Diatomaceous earth,Protection,Tribolium confusum,Wheat}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {113-119}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-6638-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-6638-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {RanjbarAghdam, Hossei}, title = {Are pheromone traps applicable to forecast an insect pest phenology? A case study on codling moth}, abstract ={Applying a precise forecasting method is necessary to achieve acceptable results in IPM programs. Performances of the wing and delta pheromone traps for forecasting the codling moth phenology were compared with physiological time data based on Degree-Hours. Six pheromone traps (three wing and three delta style) were applied for the monitoring of the codling moth population. Traps were placed in an apple orchard in Tehran Province, Damavand region by the start of bloom. All traps were checked every week and the number of moths caught was recorded. Physiological time was estimated by using hourly recoded temperature, considering temperature thresholds for codling moth development. The results showed that the delta style traps statistically caught more male moth than wing traps. It was also shown that the results of the pheromone traps data were affected severely by weather conditions. Moreover, false fluctuations in recorded data from pheromone traps made some false population peaks, the interpretation of which was very hard. On the other hand, forecasting model based on the physiological time data, was not affected by the mentioned conditions and its results was easy to use for determination of the pest phenology without further interpretations.  }, Keywords = {Cydia pomonella,forecasting model,pheromone,tarp,population}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {121-130}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3854-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3854-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Temsah, Mirvat and Hanna, Lucia and Saad, Adib}, title = {First Report of Xylella fastidiosa associated with Oleander Leaf Scorch in Lebanon}, abstract ={Symptoms of the leaf scorch disease on the leaves of oleander infected by Xylella fastidiosa appearing for the first time in Lebanon were confirmed by ELISA tests and anatomical observations of sections of petioles by a scanning electron microscope. Xylella fastidiosa was detected in the xylem forming bacterial aggregates in the lumen of tracheary elements. The bacterium colonizes and invades the conducting tissues degrading pit membranes (PMs) of tracheary elements. Dense networks of fibrillar material and tyloses, originating from the plant, as a defense mechanism form around the bacterial aggregates to limit the movement of the pathogen. The bacterial aggregates that plug the tracheary elements and the tyloses produced by the infected oleander plants cause water stress and consequently leaf scorch symptoms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Xylella fastidiosa in Lebanon.}, Keywords = {oleander,ELISA,SEM,Xylella}, volume = {4}, Number = {1}, pages = {131-137}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8905-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8905-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Izadizadeh, Mohammad and Talebi, Ali Asghar and Kolyada, Victor A. and Rakhshani, Ehs}, title = {First record of the genus and species Phaneroserphus punctibasis Townes, 1981 (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupidae) from Iran}, abstract ={The genus Phaneroserphus Pschorn–Walcher, 1958 is recorded for the first time from Iran and its allied species, Phaneroserphus punctibasis Townes, 1981 is recorded from West Palaearctic region for the first time. The specimens were collected from Mazandaran Province during 2011 using Malaise traps. Diagnostic characters and geographical distribution of the newly recorded genus and species is briefly discussed.  }, Keywords = {Proctotrupidae,Phaneroserphus,Iran,First record}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {139-143}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-5385-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-5385-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Ganji, Zahra and Moharramipour, Saei}, title = {Variation of supercooling point in overwintering larvae of Scrobipalpa ocellatella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)}, abstract ={The beet moth, Scrobipalpa ocellatella (Boyd) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the most destructive pests of beet. The insect overwinters as larvae of different instars in beets which are left in the field. Supercooling point (SCP) of individual larvae showed broad range variation from -6 to -25 °C. In the present study, factors affecting the broad range of SCP were investigated. Larvae showed a great increase in SCP when they were induced by exogenous ice nucleation. Defensive oral discharge (DOD) decreased SCP but it had no significant effect on supercooling ability of larvae. The presence of sufficient food in guts of field collected larvae induced an increase in SCP. Therefore it could be concluded that surface moisture and food particles in the gut may act as ice nucleating agents (INAs) that cause freezing of the body fluids at higher temperatures. Furthermore, second and third instar larvae, owing to their small size, had greater capacity to supercool in comparison to fifth feeding instars. Broad range in SCPs might be due to diversity in overwintering larvae which have different capacity for supercooling.}, Keywords = {beet moth,Scrobipalpa ocellatella,Supercooling point,Defensive oral discharge,Ice nucleating agents}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {145-156}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7651-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7651-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Barahoei, Hossein and Nader, Elham and Rakhshani, Ehs}, title = {A survey on Ichneumonidae of Isfahan province, central Iran}, abstract ={Fauna of Ichneumonidae of Isfahan province was studied in 2012. Specimens were collected using sweep net and Malaise trap on various plants from different places in Isfahan. Totally, 18 species belong to 16 genera and 7 subfamilies were collected and identified as: Anomalon cruentatum (Geoffroy, 1785) (Anomaloninae); Exetastes syriacus Schmiedeknecht, 1910 (Banchinae); Diplazon laetatorius (Fabricius, 1781), Enizemum ornatum (Gravenhorst, 1829), Homotropus nigritarsus (Gravenhorst, 1829), Homotropus signatus (Gravenhorst, 1829), Promethes sulcator (Gravenhorst, 1829) and Syrphophilus bizonarius (Gravenhorst, 1829) (Diplazontinae); Anisobas cingulatellus Horstmann, 1997, Diadromus collaris (Gravenhorst, 1829), Heterischnus filiformis (Gravenhorst, 1829) and Spilothyrateles nuptatorius (Fabricius, 1793) (Ichneumoninae); Exochus castaniventris Brauns, 1896 (Metopiinae); Itoplectis alternans (Gravenhorst, 1829), Itoplectis tunetana (Schmiedeknecht, 1914), Pimpla spuria Gravenhorst, 1829 and Zaglyptus multicolor (Gravenhorst, 1829) (Pimplinae) and Aneuclis incidens (Thomson, 1889) (Tersilochinae). All species are new record for Isfahan province except for Exochus castaniventris and Heterischnus filiformis is newly recorded from Iran.}, Keywords = {Heterischnus filiformis,distribution,new record,Isfahan}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {157-166}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11062-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11062-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {HosseiniTabesh, Behnaz and Alipanah, Helen and Sahragard, Ah}, title = {First record of Haritalodes derogata (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Spilomelinae) from Iran}, abstract ={The cotton leaf roller moth, Haritalodes derogata (Fabricius, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) was collected on two kinds of flowering shrubs, Hibiscus syriacus L. and Hibiscus mutabilis L., in Rasht, Guilan Province, during August 2013. This species represents a generic new record for the fauna of Iran. A brief description of the species is provided to facilitate the identification.}, Keywords = {Crambidae,Spilomelinae,Cotton leaf roller,Iran,new record}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {167-171}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11613-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11613-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Mahrughan, Atena and Shirazi, Jalal and AmirMaafi, Masoud and Dadpour, Hemmat}, title = {Dispersal of Trichogramma brassicae in tomato field}, abstract ={A study was carried out to map dispersal of Trichogramma brassicae Bezd. on tomato in a 0.5 ha field. First, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 meter distances from the central point of the field were marked in form of squares. On each square, 8 points were selected and a wooden stake of 1.5 m length was vertically secured into the soil at each point equal to plant height and bearing a yellow sticky trap (YST, 10 × 20 cm) on the top. Moreover, three egg batches each containing ~200 fresh Sitotroga cerealella Oliv.eggs on cardboards(SEC) were stapled on top leaf of three plants around the wooden stake arranged in a 0.75 m arch. Evaluation was done two days before and 2, 4, 6 and 8 days after a release of 50000 newly emerged T. brassicae (~1:1 Male:Famale) from the central point. The number of T. brassicae trapped by YST, and number of parasitised eggs on SEC were counted under a stereomicroscope and noted down. The coefficient of fitting YST data to the model (R2) for all 4 sampling dates was as high as 86%. The average diffusion coefficient was equal to 16.89 m2/day for four times sampling. In general, the distance encompassing 98% of trapped T. brassicae predicted by the model was up to maximum 29.9 m from the central point 8 days after the release. The mean percent parasitism was 44.7, 5.5, 5 and 0.9 per SEC during 2, 4, 6 and 8 days after release, respectively. It is concluded that, the farther the distance from the releasing point and the longer the time elapsed after release, the less number of wasps were recaptured. Therefore, multiple releasing points are required to achieve even distribution and enough population of parasitoids in the field.}, Keywords = {Biological control,Helicoverpa armigera,augmentative release,diffusion model}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {173-180}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-940-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-940-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {AbdolahiMesbah, Rahim and Nozari, Jamasb and Gharali, Babak and Mirzaei, Mostaf}, title = {Faunistic study of the superfamily Bombylioidea (Diptera: Brachycera) in Alborz province- Iran, with a key to the species of Mythicomyiidae known from Iran}, abstract ={The fauna of the superfamily Bombylioidea was studied in Alborz province, Iran during 2012. Two families (Bombyliidae and Mythicomyiidae), eight genera and ten species were identified, of which two species, Exoprospora dispar Loew, 1869; Parageron lutescens (Bezzi, 1925), are new records for the Iranian fauna. An identification key for the species of the family Mythicomyiidae known from Iran is given.}, Keywords = {Bombylioidea,Alborz,fauna,Iran}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {181-187}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7386-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7386-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Bahraminejad, Sohbat and Abbasi, Saeed and Amiri, Rez}, title = {The effect of some medicinal and ornamental plant extracts against Fusarium oxysporum}, abstract ={During the past decade, natural plant products as environmentally safe option have received attention for controlling phytopathogenic diseases. Investigation of plants containing natural antimicrobial metabolites for plant protection has been recognized as a desirable method of disease control. The fungus Fusarium oxysporum causes diseases such as root rot, damping off and Fusarium wilt and it infects many plant species and crops. Methanolic crude extracts of 30 plant species belonging to 17 families collected from the west of Iran were screened for antifungal activity against F. oxysporum during 2012. Bioassay of the extracts was conducted by agar dilution method with five replications. The inhibitory effect of the extracts was examined at concentration of 2000 ppm. Twenty out of 30 tested plant species (67%) showed inhibitory activity against mycelial growth of F. oxysporum. The most effective extracts with more than 50% inhibition belonged to Haplophyllum perforatum and Calendula officinalis. High number of plants with antifungal activity in this experiment showed that the flora in the west of Iran could be regarded as a rich source of plants with antifungal activity. Therefore, further screening of other plant species, identifying active fractions or metabolites and in vivo application of active extracts are in progress.  }, Keywords = {Agar dilution,Calendula officinalis,Fusarium oxysporum,Haplophyllum perforatum,methanolic extract}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {189-197}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-1548-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-1548-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Bayegan, Zainab-Alssadat and Lotfalizadeh, Hossein and Zargaran, Mohammad-Rez}, title = {Occurrence of eulophid wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae) in rice fields of eastern Guilan, Iran}, abstract ={Considering the importance of parasitic wasps in biological control of pests, a faunal study was conducted in the year 2012 on eulophid wasps (Hym.: Chalcidoidea) in rice fields in the east of Guilan province, southern coast of Caspian Sea. Several specimens were captured via Malaise traps. The specimens were identified as Aprostocetus deobensis (Graham), Aprostocetus mycerinus (Walker), Elasmus phthorimaeae Ferrière and Hemiptarsenus sp. Two species, A. deobensis and A. mycerinus are new records for Iran. In addition, association of A. deobensis, A. mycerinus and E. phthorimaeae with rice is new.  }, Keywords = {Eulophidae,Aprostocetus,new record,New association,parasitoids}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {199-205}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-2736-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-2736-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {AbdolahiMesbah, Rahim and Nozari, Jamasb and Dadgostar, Shahram}, title = {A geometric morphometric study on geographical populations of Hippodamia variegata (Goeze, 1777) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in some parts of Iran}, abstract ={Spotted Amber Ladybird, Hippodamia variegata (Goeze, 1777) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is an important predator of aphids and some other insect pests. Since shape and size variation may affect biological characteristics of an insect, multivariate analysis of shape variations in four geographically isolated populations of H. variegata (Isfahan, Shahrekord, Shiraz, Yasuj) was performed based on eight landmarks of hind wing. According to the analysis, significant difference in weight matrices (as shape variable) was detected. The cluster analysis separated Isfahan population from other populations. According to ANOVA, we found significant difference in centroid size (as size variable), so that the two populations, Isfahan and Shahrekord, had larger wings than the two other populations. Distribution of 80 individuals based on partial warps on the relative warp axis placed Isfahan population in a separate group while the others had overlap and irregular distribution.  }, Keywords = {Biological control,geometric morphometric,Hippodamia variegata,population}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {207-215}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-1050-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-1050-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Béji, Balkis and Bouhachem-Boukhris, Sonia and Bouktila, Dhia and Mezghani-Khémakhem, Maha and Rezgui, Salah and Kharrat, Mohamed and Makni, Mohamed and Makni, Hanem}, title = {Identification of sources of resistance to the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli, in Faba bean, Vicia faba L., accessions}, abstract ={In several parts of the world, important yield losses are caused to Faba bean due to attack by the black bean aphid Aphis fabae Scopoli. Although resistance could be a good alternative to chemical control, its genetic basis is still largely unknown; and its phenotypic expression is still poorly described, making crucial the permanent evaluation of genetic resources available in different countries; together with using adequate agronomic parameters and statistical inference. In this study, two Faba bean collections provided by Faba bean breeding programs of Tunisia and Spain were evaluated for resistance to A. fabae during two consecutive years in the field, based on infestation rates and three yield parameters: number of grains (NG), weight of grains (WG) and weight of pods (WP). Principal components analysis (PCA) showed that the most effective parameters contributing to response variation were the weight of pods (WP) and the number of grains (NG). Genotypes were grouped based on clustering patterns inferred from PCA and UPGMA, both showing the existence of two distinct groups: a resistant group characterized by high WP; and in most cases high NG values; and a susceptible group characterized by a low WP; and in most cases a low NG + WG. Furthermore, tolerance to infestation was identified in one genotype from the Spanish collection. Our results demonstrate that WP is the most reliable parameter for resistance selection; and that the genotypes V1, V9 and V16 from the Tunisian collection and V2e and V7e from the Spanish one should be exploited for their resistance potential.}, Keywords = {Aphis fabae,Vicia faba,resistance,Tolerance,Screening}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {217-224}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3425-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3425-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {PakarpourRayeni, Farzad and Seraj, Ali Asghar and Nozari, Jamasb and Wilson, Michael}, title = {First record of Aconurella nuristana Dlabola (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from Iran}, abstract ={A faunistic survey was conducted to identify the leafhoppers in the southwest of Iran (Khouzestan Province) in 2014. Among the collected materials, Aconurella nuristana Dlabola, 1957 is recorded for the first time for Iranian leafhoppers fauna. Diagnostic characters and geographical distribution of the newly recorded species is presented briefly.}, Keywords = {Leafhopper,First record,Citrus orchards,Dezful,Khouzestan}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {225-229}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8723-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8723-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Chakraborti, Sudarshan and Senapati, Ambika and Bhowmik, Sagarika and Sarkar, Prahl}, title = {Impacts of safer strategies for management of chilli pests with emphasis on under-storey repellent crop}, abstract ={Some safer strategies were designed and evaluated for management of apical leaf curling (ChiLCV) in chilli Capsicum annum L. and its vectors. The strategies were designed emphasizing on the repellent crop theory and the components like physical barrier, adult-trapping, plant sanitation, foliar application of phytochemicals and minimal application of synthetic organic pesticide. The crop was infested by some sucking pests namely, Chilli thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, aphid Aphis gossypii Glover, yellow mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) and whitefly Bemsia tabaci (Gennadius). However, the populations of aphid and whiteflies were low and leaf curl virus which is vectored by any of the above creatures, did not appear in the present studies. Some management strategies were devised to suppress the pest populations as well as their damage and obtain good yields. However, strategies with phytochemical-based treatments which utilized neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) and rose apple Syzygium Jambos leaf extract (rose apple LE), could not offer satisfactory protection and yield was also quite low. But when these treatments had the support of a limited quantity of synthetic/semi-synthetic pesticides like emamectin benzoate (one application) and chlorfenapyr (one application) along with the plant fractions, showed much better suppression of pest populations like thrips and yellow mite as well as apical leaf curling intensity (0.94–1.12%). In all the treatments except chemical check and untreated check, some components were utilized as common part and these were: yellow sticky trap, repellent cropping with coriander and holy basil and plant sanitation. The strategies effectively suppressed the landing response and development of the pest populations which resulted in lower crop damages and sponsored good yields. These were safer to non-target beneficial creatures, cost-effective and comparable to chemical method.}, Keywords = {Chilli,leaf curling,pests,safer management}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {231-239}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-5938-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-5938-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Frederick, Kankam and Suen, Francis and Adomako, Joseph}, title = {Nematicidal effect of sunn hemp Crotalaria juncea leaf residues on Meloidogyne incognita attacking tomato Solanum lycopersicum roots}, abstract ={Field experiments were conducted to determine the optimum application rate of sunn hemp Crotalaria juncea leaf residue in the management of Meloidogyne incognita on tomato. Sunn hemp applied at rates of 0 (control), 2, 4 and 6 kg/ha showed a varied effect on second stage juveniles of M. incognita. There were no differences in plant height and stem girth. The 6 kg/ha treatment reduced the M. incognita population by 94% compared with the control. The highest yield of tomato (168.7 kg/ha) was recorded in 6 kg/ha treatment of sunn hemp.}, Keywords = {Crotalaria juncea,leaf residue,Meloidogyne incognita,root galling,Tomato}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {241-246}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8822-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8822-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Tohidi, Zahra and Salehi, Mohammad and Ghasemi, Sasan and Khanchezar, Amin and Shahamiri, Seyyed Mohamm}, title = {Association of a 16SrIX-C phytoplasma with eggplant phyllody in Iran}, abstract ={In 2011-2012 surveys for phytoplasma diseases, eggplant )Solanum melongena L.( plants with phyllody symptoms were observed in eggplant fields of Roodan (Hormozgan province of Iran). Agent of Roodan Eggplant Phyllody (REP) was transmitted from phyllody affected eggplant to eggplant and tomato by grafting and to periwinkle via dodder inoculation inducing phytoplasma-type symptoms. Phytoplasmal infection also was demonstrated by positive direct PCR reaction with phytoplasma universal primer pair P1/P7 and nested PCR using P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16R2 primer pairs.A P1/P7 primed PCR product from a naturally phyllody affected eggplant was cloned and sequenced and submitted to GenBank under accession number JX464669. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of P1/P7-primed PCR product indicated the presence of a pigeon pea witches'-broom (16SrIX) group related phytoplasma in naturally phyllody affected eggplants. Using 16S rRNA and SR sequences, Blast search, phylogenetic and virtual RFLP analyses and nucleotide homology percent revealed that REP associated phytoplasma is classified with members of 16SrIX-C subgroup. To our knowledge eggplant is reported for the first time as a host for a 16SrIX group related phytoplasma.}, Keywords = {eggplant phyllody,Phytoplasma,dodder and graft transmission,16SrIX-C subgroup,Roodan}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {247-256}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11247-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11247-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Mazaheri, Afsaneh and Khajehali, Jahangir and Marzieh, Kashkouli and Hatami, Bij}, title = {Laboratory and field evaluation of insecticides for the control of Aeolesthes sarta Solsky (Col.: Cerambycidae)}, abstract ={Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of some insecticides on the control of Sarta longhorned beetle, Aeolesthes sarta Solsky adults and larvae. In the laboratory, three pairs of mated and non-oviposited adults were released on the logs of field elm, Ulmus minor Mill that had been treated with chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, permethrin or imidacloprid. In the field experiments, artificially infested U. minor var. umbraculifera Rehd trees were treated by imidacloprid and oxydemeton-methyl through soil and trunk injection. In the laboratory test the best results were obtained from imidacloprid and permethrin applications, because of occurrence of high adult mortality after short period and also preventing egg laying. Despite a few eggs that were laid on the chlorpyrifos treated logs, there were no living larvae in the sprayed logs. Results of the field tests showed that the number of living larvae did not differ significantly between oxydemeton-methyl and control treatment, however, imidacloprid injection was effective in controlling this pest.}, Keywords = {bark spray,Cerambycidae,Sarta longhorned beetle,injection,urban pests}, volume = {4}, Number = {2}, pages = {257-266}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3518-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3518-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {AbdollahiAhi, Gholam Ali and Afshari, Ali and Baniameri, Valiollah and Dadpour, Hemmat and Yazdanian, Mohsen and Golizadeh, Ali}, title = {Laboratory survey on biological and demographic parameters of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) fed on two mealybug species}, abstract ={Biological and demographic parameters of the mealybug ladybird, Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Mulsant) were evaluated on citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso) and obscure mealybug, Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret) under 24 ± 2 ºC, 80 ± 5% relative humidity and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L: D) h. The mealybugs had a significant effect on developmental time and reproductive and demographic parameters of the ladybird. Life span (egg to adult death) was obtained 220.85 ± 5.78 and 119.44 ± 2.1 days when fed on Pl. citri and Ps. viburni, respectively. However, mean number of eggs per female (fecundity) and mean percent of egg hatching were significantly higher on Ps. viburni than on Pl. citri. In addition, values of intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (λ) andnet reproductive rate (R0) were significantly higher on Ps. viburni than on Pl. citri.The values of intrinsic rate of increase were estimated 0.081and 0.094 day-1 on Pl. citri and Ps. viburni, respectively. Results of this study suggested that the obscure mealybug is a more suitable prey than the citrus mealybug as the ladybird displayed shorter developmental time, and higher fecundity and growth rate when fed with obscure mealybug.  }, Keywords = {Life table,Mealybug ladybird,Pseudococcidae}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {267-276}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-9431-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-9431-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {ChinaruNwosu, Luke and OlukayodeAdedire, Chris and OludeleOgunwolu, Emmanuel}, title = {Screening for new sources of resistance to Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) infestation in stored maize genotypes}, abstract ={New sources of maize resistance to the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais infestation are indispensable in successful breeding programs against post harvest grain damage. The study investigated the characters and mechanisms that confer resistance to weevil infestation using twenty elite maize genotypes. Detailed morphological and physical studies were conducted on whole-maize grain. The grain hull was separated from the whole-maize grain with a locally-fabricated machine and subjected to chemical analysis. Resistance was assessed at 33 days post infestation using weevil mortality, weevil survival, percent grain damage, weight of grain powder, percent weight loss and oviposition as indices rated on a scale developed by the present study. The resistant genotypes identified, particularly 2000SYNEE-WSTR and TZBRELD3C5 with very high degree of resistance should be used singly or best in an integrated pest management system for the control of S. zeamais infestation in stored maize. Though increases in the physical properties of grain hardness, weight, length and width increased varietal resistance, it was found that the bases of resistance were increased chemical attributes of phenolic acid, trypsin inhibitor and crude fiber while the bases of susceptibility were increased protein and starch. Characters that conferred resistance on the tested genotypes were found in the grain hull. The study identified antibiosis and antixenosis as the mechanisms of maize post harvest resistance to S. zeamais infestation.  }, Keywords = {Sitophilus zeamais,maize,resistance,Antibiosis,antixenosis}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {277-290}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10469-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10469-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Mahdizadeh, Valiollah and Safaie, Naser and Khelghatibana, Fatemeh}, title = {Evaluation of antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles against some phytopathogenic fungi and Trichoderma harzianum}, abstract ={In vitro antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles, at concentrations of 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 ppm, was studied on five phytopathogenic fungi, and a biocontrol agent. Then effect of silver nanoparticle at 6 ppm (optimum concentration) was evaluated on Macrophomina phaseolina in greenhouse. For in vitro experiment, the fungal isolates were grown on potato dextrose agar medium amended with silver nanoparticles. Radial fungal growth was recorded after 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 days and mycelial growth inhibition rates were calculated. The most sensitive fungus to nanoparticles was Pythium aphanidermatum, since all tested concentrations showed 100% inhibition during the 10 days of observation.The second most sensitive fungus was Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, since it was able to grow only at concentration of 6 ppm and M. phaseolina was the third in sensitivity since its growth was inhibited in all concentrations after three days. In greenhouse experiments, five treatments including no nanosilver-no pathogen (Negative control), no nanosilver +pathogen (Positive control), 6 ppm nanosilver– no pathogen, 6 ppm nanosilver +pathogen, Carboxin-Thiram (0.15%) +pathogen were compared. Four characters viz shoot and root fresh and dry weights were measured. Based on the greenhouse experimental results, treatments with nanosilver and fungicide gave higher yields than the positive control. The chemical control treatment had the highest measured parameters, while 6 ppm nanosilver +pathogen treatment had the same parameters as negative control. It may therefore be suggested to use nanosilver as a safer alternative to chemical fungicides for control of M. phaseolina.}, Keywords = {Rhizoctonia solani,Sclerotinia sclerotiorum,Pythium aphanidermatum}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {291-300}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-12407-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-12407-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Akrami, Mohammad Ali}, title = {New records of species of the genera Corynoppia, Ramusella and Rhinoppia (Oribatida: Oppiidae) from Iran, with a key for Iranian oppiid mite species}, abstract ={Five oppiid mite species (Oribatida: Oppiidae) belonging to three genera (Corynoppia, Ramusella and Rhinoppia) are reported as new records for the mite fauna of Iran. Some of their morphological features and distributions in the world are presented. A key to the subfamilies, genera and species of all Iranian oppiid mites is given.  }, Keywords = {Acari,Oribatida,Oppiidae,fauna,Key,Iran}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {301-311}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8565-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8565-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Bena-Molaei, Parisa and Talaei-Hassanloui, Reza and Askary, Hass}, title = {Comparison of some natural broth media for production and virulence of Beauveria bassiana blastospores against the browntail moth, Euproctis chrysorrhoea (Lep.: Lymantriidae)}, abstract ={Effects of three nutritional levels of beet root molasses, cheese permeate, wheat bran extract, rice bran extract and Sabouraud,s Dextrose Broth (SDB) were evaluated for blastospore production by two isolates of Beauveria bassiana sensu lato. at an interval of 24 h for seven days. Depending on the isolate, maximum blastospore production was obtained in 12% rice bran extract and 20% cheese permeates on the 7th day. Both isolates produced the fewest blastospores in 4% cheese permeate. Virulence of blastospores, produced in liquid media containing beet root molasses, permeate, wheat bran extract and SDB (as control), on third instar larvae of brown tail moth Euproctis chrysorrhoea indicated that there were no significant differences among these nutritional media for either one of the isolates. Considering blastospore quantity and quality in terms of virulence and local accessibility, cheese permeate was found to be the best medium for mass production of B. bassiana blastospores.  }, Keywords = {Beauveria bassiana,Euproctis chrysorrhoea,blastospore,Virulence,natural medium}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {313-320}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-4130-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-4130-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Mojerlou, Shideh and Safaie, Naser and Abasi-Moghadam, Ahmad and Shams-Bakhsh, Mashou}, title = {PCR-based characterization of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici race TTSSK from Iran}, abstract ={Stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) is one of the destructive diseases of wheat in the world. The fungal pathogen can infect 365 different grass and more than 70 Berberis species. DNA sequences for the ribosomal RNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) have proven suitable to explore relationships at the species and subspecies levels. An isolate of Pgt which was collected from Iran and designated as TTSSK was used in this study. Three samples of the isolate were used. ITS region of the samples was amplified and sequenced. Consensus tree based on Maximum Parsimony clustering method was produced by Mega 6.0. Iranian isolate of TTSSK was placed in a clade with P. graminis which was isolated from Berberis sp. and Pgt isolate from Tajikistan. The results showed that more than one conserved genomic regions would be informative to identify phylogenetic relationship of Iranian Pgt isolates and samples from different parts of the world. Complementary studies with more sequence data from other genome loci are in progress.}, Keywords = {ITS,maximum parsimony,phylogenetic relation,stem rust,Ug99 race group}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {321-328}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-6881-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-6881-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Mehrkhou, Fariba and Musavi, Mahdieh and Talebi, Ali Asghar}, title = {Effect of different Solanaceous host plants on nutritional indices of Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)}, abstract ={The beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) is a serious and economically important pest of solanaceous crops worldwide. The nutritional indices of this pest on three host plants including pepper Capsicum frutescens, eggplant Solanum melongena and tomato Solanum lycopersicum were determined under laboratory conditions at 26 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5% RH and 16: 8 (L: D) h. The highest relative consumption rate (9.40 mg/mg/day) and approximate digestibility (95.20%) were recorded on eggplant. The relative growth rate (RGR) (0.08 mg/mg/day) was the highest on tomato. The efficiency of the conversion of ingested food (ECI) (1.66%) and efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) (2.22%) were significantly highest on pepper. Results showed that pepper was the most nutritionally suitable food and even small amount of this food could successfully support maximum RGR as evidenced by high value of ECI and ECD.}, Keywords = {nutritional indices,Solanaceae,Spodoptera exigua}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {329-336}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-5840-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-5840-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Mohebban, Shahla and Takalloozadeh, Hadji Mohammad and Barahoei, Hossein and Madjdzadeh, Massou}, title = {New records of Cryptinae and Ichneumoninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) species from Kerman province, Southeast Iran}, abstract ={The present study provides information about the Cryptinae and Ichneumoninae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) species collected from Kerman province, during 2013. A total of 12 species belonging to 10 genera of these two subfamilies were collected and identified. They were Cryptus inculcator (Linnaeus, 1758); Dichrogaster longicaudata (Thomson, 1884); Dichrogaster saharator (Aubert, 1964) and Mesostenus albinotatus Gravenhorst, 1829 (subfamily Cryptinae); Anisobas cingulatellus Horstmann, 1997; Apaeleticus bellicosus Wesmeal, 1845; Barichneumon derogator (Wesmeal, 1845); Ctenichneumon devylderi (Holmgren, 1871); Ctenichneumon edictorius (Linnaeus, 1758); Diadromus collaris (Gravenhorst, 1829); Heterischnus filiformis (Gravenhorst, 1829) and Lysibia nana (Gravenhorst, 1829) (subfamily Ichneumoninae) of which the genus Apaeleticus Wesmael and three species including M. albinotatus, A. bellicosus and B. derogator are new records for the fauna of Iran. All species are new for the fauna of Kerman province.}, Keywords = {catalog,new record,parasitic wasps,systematics,Taxonomy,Apaeleticus}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {337-349}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-6650-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-6650-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Molaei, Saeed and MadahHosseini, Shahab and Sedaghati, Ebrahim}, title = {Antifungal activity of Brassica napus water extract on some phytopathogenic fungi}, abstract ={Some plant extracts have been reported to exhibit antimicrobial properties. Plant based pesticides appear to be an alternative for the synthetic pesticides because of their less dangerous impacts. The objective of this study was to assess the inhibitory activity of Brassica napus water extract on mycelial growth of six phytopathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani, Phythophtora drechseleri, Pythium aphanidermatum, Verticellium dahliae, Fusarium oxysporum, and Gaeumannomyces graminis. Antifungal activity test was performed by disc diffusion method. Concentrations of 100 and 50 ppm had the highest and the lowest inhibitory effects on all studied species respectively. The shoot extract (SE) was significantly exerted higher antifungal activity than root extract (RE). At 100 ppm, V. dahliae (17.02% inhibition by RE) and F. oxysporum (50% inhibition by SE) were the most sensitive species however, R. solani (1.8 and 15%) was the most resistant fungus to both extracts. Active compounds of B. napus extract were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Phenolic compounds had the highest concentrations in extracts and are probably the main cause of the mycelial growth inhibition. Application of canola aqueous extract or incorporation of canola in crop rotation program can be considered as a method for management of some soil-borne phytopathogenic fungi.}, Keywords = {Chromatography,disk diffusion,phenolic compound,Plant Extract,soil borne fungi}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {351-362}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8833-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8833-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Naseri, Bahram and Shabarari, Meysareh}, title = {Nutritional indices of the willow leaf beetle, Plagiodera versicolora (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) on different host plants}, abstract ={Nutritional indices of the willow leaf beetle, Plagiodera versicolora Laicharting, third instar larvae and adults were studied on four host plants including Salix alba L., Salix aegyptica L., Populus caspica Bornm.and Populus alba L.at 22 ± 2 ºC, 70 ± 10% R.H., and a photoperiod of 16:8 h (L: D). The results showed that the highest consumed food by the larvae and adults (148.5 ± 18.0 and 175.21 ± 4.51 mg dry weight, respectively) was on P. caspica. The larvae fed on S. alba and S. aegyptica had the highest efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) (2.3 ± 0.33 and 2.23 ± 0.67%, respectively) and efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) (2.5 ± 0.35 and 2.41 ± 0.72%, respectively). Approximate digestibility (AD) of larvae was the highest on P. caspica and P. alba (98.51 ± 0.25 and 98.14 ± 0.1%, respectively). The lowest relative consumption rate (RCR) of the larvae and adults was on S. alba (0.14 ± 0.001 and 0.13 ± 0.006 mg/mg/day, respectively). ECI and ECD values of the adults fed on various host plants were not significantly different. Adults fed on P. caspica had the highest values of RCR (0.59 ± 0.01 mg/mg/day), relative growth rate (RGR) (0.02 ± 0.008 mg/mg/day) and AD (98.72 ± 0.24%). These results demonstrated the higher feeding performance of the willow leaf beetle on P. caspica and its poorer performance on P. alba.  }, Keywords = {nutritional indices,willow leaf beetle,Plagiodera versicolora,host plants}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {363-371}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7934-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7934-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Moradi, Rojin and Moradi, Faranak and Mirehki, Kioumars and Abdollahi, Mohamm}, title = {Plant debris of oak forest as soil amendment, to improve the biocontrol activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma vierns against Meloidogyne javanica, in tomato}, abstract ={Application of antagonistic agents in the rhizosphere of plants is an important approach in control of soil-borne pathogens. Establishment and persistence of biocontrol agents in the soil is a major concern in biological control. This study aimed to determine the effect of plant debris of oak forests on activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Trichoderma vierns against Meloidogyne javanica in tomato in green house conditions. In different treatments, both or one of the bioagents were applied to the soil inoculated with M. javanica and amended or unamended with oak plant debris. Based on the results, the growth–related factors of tomato improved in those treatments, in which plant debris were mixed with the soil. In case of nematode-related factors, the number of galls on roots decreased significantly in pots amended with plant debris. Maximum reduction in reproduction factor was observed in treatments with one or both of the biocontrol agents. In comparison to unamended treatments, the rate of reduction in root gall was 56.3% for treatments receiving T. virens and maximum increase in dry weight of root was observed in soils treated with P. fluorescens or T. virens, 68.2% and 56.1%, respectively.}, Keywords = {Biocontrol,Food security,Fungi,Nematode management,Organic matter}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {373-384}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-9039-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-9039-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Mdellel, Lassaad and BenHalima, Monia and Rakhshani, Ehs}, title = {Laboratory evaluation of Pauesia antennata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), specific parasitoid of Pterochloroides persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae)}, abstract ={Pauesia antennata Mukerji (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) as the unique parasitoid of the giant brown peach aphid, Pterochloroides persiace Cholodkovsky (Hemiptera, Aphididae) is considered to be the most effective biological control agent of this pest. In this study, the assessment of selected biological parameters of P. antennata demonstrated that the longevity of mature parasitoid was 3.90 ± 0.22, the developmental time was 14.48 ± 1.05 and the life span was 19.46 ± 0.68 days. The maximum flight activity and oviposition were observed at the second and third days of the parasitoid lifespan. The parasitism, emergence rates and the sex ratio were affected by the variations in the number of P. persicae relative to each population of the parasitoid.}, Keywords = {Adult longevity,developmental time,sex ratio,host density,parasitoid density,Tunisia,Biological control}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {385-393}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-9353-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-9353-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Safavi, Safar Ali}, title = {Effects of yellow rust on yield of race-specific and slow rusting resistant wheat genotypes}, abstract ={Rust diseases continue to cause significant losses to wheat production around the world. Among them, yellow rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is an important disease that threatens wheat production in most cool environments. Host resistance, especially race- nonspecific resistance, is the most economical way to manage wheat stripe rust disease. In this study, the effectiveness of different types of resistance was compared in field plots at Ardabil Agricultural Research Station (Iran) during 2011-2013. Yield and yield components along with slow rusting parameters including final rust severity (FRS), apparent infection rate (r), relative area under disease progress curve (rAUDPC) and coefficient of infection (CI) were evaluated for 16 wheat cultivars/lines. In all, five wheat cultivars with race-specific resistance, 10 cultivars with different levels of slow rusting resistance and one susceptible cultivar were included in two treatments; with and without fungicide protection under high disease pressure. Results of combined variance analysis showed significant differences between cultivars/lines, also cultivar/line × year at 1% probability level. Wheat cultivars with slow rusting resistance displayed a range of responses indicating phenotypic diversity. Mean thousand kernels weight (TKW) losses of susceptible, race-specific and slow rusting genotypes were 41, 4.4 and 7.6%, respectively. Mean yield losses of susceptible, race-specific and slow rusting genotypes were 65.6, 7.3 and 15.9%, respectively. In this study cultivars having slow rusting resistance with low values of epidemiological parameters were identified. Also genotypes with low yield component losses, despite moderate disease levels, were characterized. Such genotypes can be used in breeding programs to get improved varieties with high levels of resistance and negligible yield losses. Kernels per spike (KPS) data of two experiments were not enough for comparing losses and need supplementary experiments.}, Keywords = {Wheat,slow rusting resistance,yellow rust,yield components losses}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {395-408}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-2284-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-2284-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Rahmati, Mojtaba and Kheradmand, katayoon and Jafari, Sadegh and Bagheri, Mohamm}, title = {Fauna of Stigmaeidae and Cryptognathidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) of Lorestan province, with two new records for Iran fauna}, abstract ={A faunestic study on Stigmaeidae and Cryptognathidae families in Lorestan province was carried out during 2012-2013. In this study 18 species were collected and identified, of which Favognathus amygdalus and F. cordylus (Cryptognathidae) were new records for Iranian fauna, also all of the collected species in this study were new records for fauna of Lorestan province. Stigmaeidae with 14 species and Cryptognatidae with four species had the highest and lowest number of identified species, respectively.}, Keywords = {Acari,Stigmaeidae,Cryptognatidae,Lorestan Province,Favognathus}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {409-418}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11524-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11524-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Mohaghegh, Parvane and Mohammadkhani, Abdolrahman and Fadaei, Aliakbar}, title = {Effects of Silicon on the growth, ion distribution and physiological mechanisms that alleviate oxidative stress induced by powdery mildew infection in pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo, var. Styriac)}, abstract ={Silicon (Si) is considered as one of the beneficial elements for plants that play important roles in plant resistance to stresses. In this experiment, the effects of three levels of silicon (0, 0.85 and 1.7 mM) on the growth and physiological processes of pumpkin were studied in plants inoculated with Sphaerotheca fuliginea (250000 conidia ml−1) and non-inoculated plants under hydroponic condition. Applying silicon increased the Si concentration in plant tissues. Application of Si in plants inoculated with S. fuliginea decreased significantly severity of disease symptom (30%) and also the shoot membrane permeability was decreased. Addition of Si significantly increased the reactive sulfhydryl group content whereas disease decreased sulfhydryl group which was significantly lower in Si-free medium. The infected plants that were treatedwith 1.7 mM Si levels grew and yielded similar to non -infected pumpkins. Using Si nutrition decreased Fe and Mn and increased Zn concentration in the roots and shoots of plants. Alleviation of disease severity in the silicon treatments may be due to enhancing of plant tolerance to disease by decreasing of shoot membrane permeability, increasing the reactive sulfhydryl group content, and also due to effect of silicon on the uptake and distribution of some ions. This study revealed that Silicon at 1.7 mM used in hydroponic system effectively reduced powdery mildew and improved pumpkin growth.}, Keywords = {Silicon,Growth,Oxidative stress,powdery mildew infection}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {419-429}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-6705-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-6705-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Saravanan, Palanisamy and Divya, Suhumaran and Venkatesan, Purusothaman and Tanwar, Rajkumar and Birah, Ajanta and Chattopadhyay, Chirantan and Jeyakumar, Ponnuraj and Barik, Anupam}, title = {Trend analysis of pests and diseases complex in Bt cotton}, abstract ={The significant reduction of bollworm infestation by the implementation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in Bt Cotton as a component of IPM led to reduction in bollworm infestation and increase in yield. However, these alterations have brought in many new biotic problems hitherto unknown or of little economic importance. Field survey of rainfed Bt cotton fields in Perambalur district of Tamil Nadu, India during 2008-2014 revealed that the incidence of various insect pests and plant diseases is on the rise in different Bt cotton hybrids. In 2008-2009, it was observed that the Bt cotton was damaged by cotton mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley), green mirid bug (Creontiades biseratance Distant) and root rot (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn) which caused severe yield losses. In addition to that, other pests like papaya mealybug (Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink) and Alternaria leaf spot caused more damage in Bt cotton during 2009-10. Besides these pests, the mirid bug (Campyloma livida Reuter), stripped mealybug (Ferrissia virgata Ckll), tobacco streak virus, grey mildew Ramularia areola and boll rot incidence in Bt cotton were noticed in 2010-12. Apart from this pest and disease problems, the Alterrnaria leaf blight, root rot (Macrophomina phaseolina Maubl) and Myrothecium leaf spot caused severe yield losses in Bt cotton during 2012-2014. The survey revealed that, the pests and disease problems are increasing year by year in Bt cotton which caused yield reduction and also increased the cost of cultivation. If left unchecked these pests and disease problems are capable of undoing all benefits gained due to Bt cotton in terms of increased yield and reduction in use of chemical pesticides.}, Keywords = {Bt cotton,Pests and Diseases problems,Integrated pest management}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {431-439}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-5532-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-5532-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Mehrabi, Mehdi and MohammadiGoltapeh, Ebrahim and BerdiFotouhifar, Khalil}, title = {Genetic diversity of Cytospora schulzeri isolates using RAPD-PCR and MP-PCR markers on Apples of Semirom Region of Iran}, abstract ={Genetic diversity relationships of 50 isolates of Cytospora schulzeri on apple from different parts of the Semirom region were analyzed using 15 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based markers, 7 random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) and 8 Microsatellite primed polymerase chain reaction (MP-PCR). Using 7 selected RAPD primers 113 bands were generated, of which 81 bands were polymorphic (71.7%), with an average of 11.57 polymorphic fragments per primer, and with 8 selected MP-PCR primers 107 amplified bands were observed with 78 polymorphic bands (72.3%), with an average of 9.75 polymorphic fragments per primer. In RAPD marker, number of polymorphic bands varied from 8 (241) to 15 (230, 238, OPA13) with an average of 11.57 per primer and which varied in size from 200 to 3750 bp. Percentage of polymorphism ranged from 64% (203 and 232) to a maximum of 83% (238). In MP-PCR marker, number of polymorphic bands varied from 6 (CAG) to 12 (GTG and ATG) with an average of 9.75 per primer and which varied in size from 200 to 3500 bp. Percentage of polymorphism ranged from 54% (CAG) to a maximum of 81% (ACTG). By combining markers, a total of 220 bands were detected, of which 159 bands (72%) were polymorphic and produced on an average 10.6 polymorphic bands per primer. The results showed that both markers were suitable for the detection of genetic polymorphism among apple C. schulzeri isolates. Estimated genetic relationship using similarity co-efficient (Jaccard’s) values between different pair of accessions varied from 0.54 to 0.89 in RAPD, 0.62 to 0.89 in MP-PCR and 0.62 to 0.87 with combined markers based similarities. High cophenetic correlation between the similarity matrix and corresponding dendrogram was obtained by RAPD + MP-PCR marker (r = 0.81). Cluster analysis of the data using UPGMA based on Jaccard´s similarity coefficient, divided the isolates into six groups, showing a high genetic diversity among populations of C. schulzeri.}, Keywords = {Apple,cytospora,genetic diversity,MP-PCR,RAPD}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {441-452}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-1604-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-1604-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Burlakoti, Rishi and Burlakoti, Pragy}, title = {Management of maize ear rot complex caused by Fusarium species in field using host resistance and seed treatment chemicals}, abstract ={Maize genotypes were screened for host resistance and seed treatment chemicals were evaluated in field to manage Fusarium ear rot complex of maize at high- and mid-hill environments in Nepal during 2003 and 2004. Seven popular maize genotypes along with a susceptible check were used in the host resistance study. The maize genotypes adopted from exotic sources, Manakamana-3 and Deuti, performed superior for ear rot resistance. Three seed treatment chemicals, Vitavax® 200B, Captan 75 WP, and Bavistin® were tested in Fusarium susceptible cultivar. Seed treatment chemicals, Vitavax® 200B, Captan 75 WP and Bavistin®, significantly (P < 0.05) reduced ear rot incidences of maize. This study suggests that cultivation of resistant varieties and applications of seed treatment chemicals can be integrated to prevent crop loss from ear rot complex and reduce potential health hazards due to mycotoxins contamination in maize grains.}, Keywords = {Zea mays,Fusarium species,ear rot complex,Management,seed treatment}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {453-462}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8687-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-8687-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Ahmadi, Mehrdad and Moharramipour, Saeid and AbdAlla, Adly}, title = {Antifeedant effect of gamma radiation and Perovskia atriplicifolia essential oil combination against Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)}, abstract ={Control of stored-product insect by gamma radiation could be enhanced by other possible techniques such as essential oils as effective alternatives to chemical insecticides. In this study, the efficiency of gamma radiation combined with Perovskia atriplicifolia (Benth) was verified to assess their enhanced antifeedant effect against the Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Flour disc bioassay was employed to assess the nutritional indices, such as relative growth rate (RGR), relative consumption rate (RCR), efficiency of conversion ingested food (ECI) and feeding deterrence index (FDI). The results showed that irradiation, essential oil and combination of both of them significantly reduced RGR, RCR and ECI in treated larvae and adults. As irradiation at 100 Gy reduced RGR of the larvae and adults from 0.0884 and 0.0366 to 0.0596 and 0.0332 mg/mg/day respectively, when combined with doses of P. atriplicifolia essential oil, the reduction reached to 0.051 - 0.388 and 0.01- 0.224 mg/mg/day respectively. The reduction rates in larvae were even greater when combination of irradiation and EO treatments were used. The results showed a significant increase in the feeding deterrence due to irradiation, essential oil and specially their combination. Therefore, findings led to a conclusion that irradiation can enhance antifeedant activity of essential oils.}, Keywords = {Perovskia atriplicifolia,Relative growth rate,Relative Consumption Rate,efficiency of conversion of ingested food,feeding deterrence index}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {463-475}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-239-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-239-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {O.Ogbebor, Nicholas O. and Adekunle, Adefunke T. and Eghafona, Nosakhare O. and Ogboghodo, Ikponmwosa A.}, title = {In vitro and in vivo synthetic fungicides control of Rigidoporus microporus on Para rubber in Nigeria}, abstract ={Rigidoporus microporus is a major threat to Hevea brasiliensis in the rubber growing regions of the world. In vitro synthetic fungicidesensitivity assays of Tridemorph, Benomyl and Bayfidan at seven different concentrations, and in vivo effectiveness of the three fungicides on R. microporus inoculated on rubber seedlings were evaluated. The three chemical fungicides used in this study were effective on R. microporus, with Tridemorph being the most effective. The minimum inhibitory concentration value for Bayfidan was between fungicide concentrations of 0.001µg/ml and 0.005µg/ml. Percentage of plant death and presence of rhizomorph recorded at two months after inoculation were higher than that recorded at the termination of five months experimental period after inoculation. Tridemorphtreatment had the highest plant health both at two months and at five months after inoculation. Decline in plant death from the third months onward suggested a reduction in fungal activity of R. microporus. Tridemorph was most effective among the three fungicides tested as it exhibited higher mycelial percentage inhibition in the management of R. microporus in vitro and higher plant health of rubber seedlings in vivo.}, Keywords = {Hevea brasiliensis,chemical control,Rigidoporus lignosus}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {477-485}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7690-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7690-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {AbdelazizBalah, Mohame}, title = {Herbicidal activity of constituents isolated from Solanum elaeagnifolium (Solanaceae)}, abstract ={The bioactivity of chemical extracts from silverleaf nightshade Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. seeds and leaves were tested for herbicidal activities, through water and ethanol extracts, against Portulaca oleracea L., Corchorus olitorius L., Convolvulus arvensis L.and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) found in most Zea mays L.fields. Characterization of the isolated constituents from ethanol extract was conducted by various spectroscopic techniques. Purification of chloroform (100%) column fraction carried out by TLC plate using developing system; chloroform: ethanol: acetic acid (92:4:4) and hexane: chloroform: ethyl acetate (16:16:1) resulted chlorogenic acid, kaempferol and mangiferin. The second active column fraction eluted by chloroform: ethyl acetate was purified on TLC by chloroform: methanol: water (13:7:1) and butanol:water:formic acid (4:5:1) resulted in (coumaroyl glucoside, coumaroyl quince acid) and (kaempferol β-D-(6”-O-cis-cinnamoyl glucoside), dicaffeoyl quinic acids) respectively. The most active isolated component fromS. elaeagnifolium seeds was chlorogenic acid which decreased P.oleracea total biomass fresh weight by (86.5%) followed by kaempferol β-D-(6”-O-cis-cinnamoyl glucoside) (84.4%), while a moderate effect was achieved from coumaroyl glucoside (79.37%), mangiferin (76.98), kaempferol (72.48%) and coumaroyl quince acid (66.47%); finally the lowest activity (63.6%) was achieved by dicaffeoyl quinic acids compared with the controls. Thus, the herbicidal activity of these constituents suggests their potential for development as natural herbicides.}, Keywords = {Solanum elaeagnifolium,allelochemicals,Polyphones,flavonoids,phytotoxic activity}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {487-496}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3802-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3802-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Nazari, Somayeh and Javan-Nikkhah, Mohammad and Fotouhifar, Khalil-Berdi and Khosravi, Vahid and Alizadeh, Alirez}, title = {Bipolaris species associated with rice plant: pathogenicity and genetic diversity of Bipolaris oryzae using rep-PCR in Mazandaran province of Iran}, abstract ={Ninety one monoconidial Bipolaris isolates were obtained from lesions on different parts of rice in different locations of Mazandaran province during the summer of 2009. Bipolaris species were identified using morphological features such as color and shape of colony and color and size of conidia and conidiophores. The isolates were separated into two species; 85 (93.4%) isolates belonged to Bipolaris oryzae and the remaining 6 (6.6%) isolates to Bipolaris cynodontis. Therefore B. oryzae is regarded as the major cause of rice brown spot disease in Mazandaran province. In order to analyze genetic diversity among B. oryzae isolates, 71 isolates were subjected to fingerprinting analysis by rep-PCR using BOX and REP primers. In cluster analysis, 15 clonal lineages and 54 haplotypes were identified. The largest clonal lineage contained with 36 haplotypes was the most common lineage. These results also indicate a relatively high level of genetic diversity among B. oryzae isolates. Also, pathogenicity test of a few B. oryzae isolates (12 isolates) was conducted under greenhouse condition and showed that those isolates were pathogenic to rice seedlings of cv. Tarom. All isolates produced some leaf spots 24 h after inoculation.}, Keywords = {Bipolaris,Rice,genetic diversity,REP and Box Primers,Pathogenicity test,Mazandaran province}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {497-508}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-4588-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-4588-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Allache, Farid and Bouta, Yakouta and Demnati, Fatm}, title = {Population development of the tomato moth Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in greenhouse tomato in Biskra, Algeria}, abstract ={The objective was to study the population development of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) on tomato in greenhouse conditions at Droh. The trial assessed the occurrence of T. absoluta adults from the month of October to May in traps; a low numbers is noted. The high numbers recorded (170 adults/greenhouse) are caught at the end of crop cycle. The mean number of capture is 22 adults/ week/ trap. Regarding the other developmental stages, immatures of T. absoluta are also very low mainly at the beginning of the crop season. The highest numbers of immature stages recorded is: 36 eggs per 30 leaves on 19 April 2012, 14 larvae 19 April and 3 May 2012. One pupa is recorded on 17 November 2011 and 26 January 2012. During the survey, no natural enemies are detected on the different developmental stages of T. absoluta.}, Keywords = {Tomato borer,protected crops,infestation levels,North Africa}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {509-517}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3965-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3965-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Amiri, Abbas and Talebi, Ali Asghar and Riedel, Matthias and Rakhshani, Ehsan and Hajiqanbar, Hamidrez}, title = {A survey of Metopiinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) in southern Iran, with three new records}, abstract ={The subfamily Metopiinae was taxonomically studied in Fars and Hormozgan provinces during 2011–2013. The specimens were collected by using Malaise traps and sweep net. Five species were collected and identified, of which three species are recorded for the first time from Iran: Colpotrochia cincta (Scopoli, 1763), Exochus suborbitalis Schmiedeknecht, 1924, and Metopius (Peltocarus) turcestanicus Clement, 1930. An identification key to the species and an updating checklist of Metopiinae of Iran, as well as zoogeographical notes are provided.}, Keywords = {Fars,Hormozgan,Metopiinae,taxonomy}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {519-531}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-360-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-360-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {SharifiNezamabad, Parisa and KoohiHabibi, Mina and Dizadji, Akbar and Kalantari, Siamak}, title = {Elimination of Bean yellow mosaic virus through thermotherapy combined with meristem-tip culture in gladiolus corms}, abstract ={Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV, Potyvirus, Potyviridae) causes serious disease in Gladiolus spp. In this work, the possibility of obtaining BYMV free plant material from virus infected gladiolus corms was studied. Thermotherapy, meristem-tip culture and combination of both techniques on infected corms/meristem-tip explants (0.5–1 mm in length) resulted in BYMV elimination up to 15.38, 78.04 and 86.66%, respectively, as determined by double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (IC-RT-PCR). Individual virus-free shoots readily rooted in vitro and were transferred to corm formation medium. The results showed that thermotherapy promotes the survival rate of explants during meristem-tip culture steps (except regeneration step) and also plantlet acclimatization. Statistical analysis showed that the BYMV elimination in gladiolus corms was significantly (P ≤ 0.01) affected by thermotherapy treatment of infected corms. Thermotherapy combined with meristem culture can greatly improve BYMV elimination efficiency from infected gladiolus corms, resulting in the production of BYMV free gladiolus plants.}, Keywords = {BYMV,Gladiolus,Meristem-tip culture,thermotherapy,Virus free corm}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {533-543}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-6794-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-6794-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, Somaye and Seraj, Ali Asghar and Rajabpour, Ali}, title = {Evaluation of six cucumber greenhouse cultivars for resistance to Tetranychus turkestani (Acari: Tetranychidae)}, abstract ={The strawberry spider mite (SSM), Tetranychus turkestani Ugarov & Nikolski, is an important pest of greenhouse cucumber in tropical and temperate regions of the world. The use of the host plant resistance is a basic method to reduce pesticide application in greenhouses. In this study, the biological responses of SSM to six greenhouse cucumber cultivars (Puia, Hedieh, Milad Ghadim, Milad Jadid, Khasib and Negin) were investigated. Non-choice tests were performed to evaluate the interaction between the host plant-mite. All tests of this study were carried out under laboratory conditions at 28 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5% RH and 16:8 h (L: D) in a walk-in growth chamber. The results indicated that immature development time and adult longevity of SSM was significantly influenced by cucumber cultivars. The highest r, λ, and R0 were 0.275 (day-1), 1.316 (day-1) and 36.180 (offspring/generation) all of which were recorded for the mites reared on the Hedieh cultivar. No significant difference was observed for these parameters among the other cultivars. Mean generation times of T. turkestani reared on Negin (14.020 day) and Milad Ghadim (13.57 day) cultivars were significantly longer than for the other cultivars. This mite had the shortest generation time on Puia cultivar (11.43 day). In conclusion, it seems that Hedieh and Milad Jadid cultivars are the more susceptible and resistant cultivars to the SSM than the other tested cultivars, respectively.}, Keywords = {host plant resistance,greenhouse cucumber,non-choice test,Life table,strawberry spider mite}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {545-556}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-5522-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-5522-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Atousa, Farahpour-Haghani and Jalaeian, Mahdi and Mehrparvar, Mohse}, title = {First report of Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae (L.) (Hem.: Aphididae) on Azolla filiculoides from Iran and its male formation on secondary host plant}, abstract ={To determine the effective bio-control agents of water fern, Azolla filiculoides, adults and nymphs of water lily aphid, Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae (L.), were collected on A. filiculoides in Guilan Province, Iran, during October 2013. This aphid has been collected extensively from almost all water fern samples during 2013 and 2014. Although R. nymphaeae was reported from numerous host plants in Iran, this species was collected for the first time from water fern. This aphid is heteroecious holocyclic with a sexual phase on Prunus spp., but it is the first report of its sexual phase formation on water fern as secondary host plant.}, Keywords = {Aphid,Rice,Water fern,Guilan}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {557-561}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-6800-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-6800-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Pasandideh, Amaneh and Talebi, Ali Asghar and Hajiqanbar, Hamidreza and Tazerouni, Zahr}, title = {Host stage preference and age-specific functional response of Praon volucre (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae) a parasitoid of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera: Aphididae)}, abstract ={The pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) is one of the most important pests of pea throughout the world.Host stage preference under choice and no-choice tests and age-specific functional response of Praon volucre (Haliday) parasitizing A. pisum were investigated. The experiments were carried out under laboratory conditions at 25 ± 1 °C, 60 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 14: 10 h (L: D). Functional response of P. volucre was evaluated in adult lifetime at seven host densities (2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 and 128). Praon volucre strongly preferred to oviposit into first and second instar nymphs in both choice and no-choice conditions. Parameter estimation of logistic regression revealed type III functional response for P. volucre in first and second days and type II from third to the end of parasitoid lifetime. The handling time (Th) and searching efficiency (a or b) were estimated using the Rogers equation. The shortest and longest handling times were at fourth day (Th = 0.19 ± 0.04) and 8th day (Th = 0.94 ± 0.15), respectively. The highest searching efficiency (a) was 0.048 ± 0.007 h-1 on third day and lowest searching efficiency was observed at the end of parasitoid lifetime (6th day-8th days). The maximum attack rate ranged from 126.31 nymphs/24 h on fourth day to 25.53 nymphs/24 h on 8th day. The results of this study revealed that the age of adult parasitoid can change the functional response from type III to type II, indicating that this factor may contribute to stabilization of parasitoid–prey dynamics.}, Keywords = {Behavioral characteristics,pea aphid,parasitoid wasp,Biological control}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {563-575}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-243-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-243-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Rashki, Maryam and Talepour, Fatemeh and Shirvani, Asghar}, title = {Sub-lethal effect of combination of Metarhizium anisopliae and imidacloprid on life table of Myzus persicae (Hem.: Aphididae)}, abstract ={The sub-lethal effect of Metarhizium anisopliae and imidacloprid as well as combination of the two control agents was examined on life table parameters of Myzus persicae on different cultivars of canola under laboratory condition at 25 ± 1 ºC, 85% RH and photoperiod of 16L: 8D. The offspring resulting from fungus-infested adults were placed onto leaf discs in Petri dishes separately to record their development time till they reached to adulthood. The number of nymphs produced by each adult aphid was recorded daily. The intrinsic rate of increase(rm) had no significant differences among the three cultivars, and was nearly similar to the net reproductive rate (R0). The concurrent application of M. anisopliae and imidacloprid significantly shortened the aphid longevity on the RGS003 cv compared to the other cultivars. The type of cultivars had no impact on the finite rate of increase (λ) of green peach aphid in any of the treatments. The values of T showed that there was no significant difference among the treatments. Despite having no significant effect on life table characteristics of M. persicae by most of the treatments, the method would be a favorable procedure to control the aphid by raising the fungal concentration. Conducting such research would be worthwhile since there are no antagonistic interactions between the entomopathogenic fungus and the insecticide.}, Keywords = {Aphid,development time,fungus,Insecticide,longevity}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {577-587}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11374-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11374-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {BagheriKordeshami, Ali and Khajehali, Jahangir and Nemati, Alirez}, title = {Some edaphic mesostigmatic mites from Lordegan, Chaharmahal Bakhtiari province with their world distribution}, abstract ={Soil-dwelling mites and especially Gamasina (Mesostigmata) are very important to soil ecosystems. They are one of the major groups rich in species and abundance. In order to study mesostigmatic mite fauna, soil samples were collected from different oak forests of Lordegan region. The mites were extracted using Berlese-Tullgren funnels and then cleared in Lactic acid and mounted in Hoyer's medium. This study reports on the distribution of soil mesostigmatids in Iran and world-wide. Twenty species belonging to 13 genera of five families were collected and identified. Species are listed as follows: Ascidae: Arctoseius cetratus (Sellnick, 1940), Gamasellodes bicolor (Berlese, 1918), Antennoseius (Antennoseius) bacatus Athias-Henriot, 1961, Antennoseius (Antennoseius) masoviae (Sellnick, 1943). Blattisociidae: Lasioseius youcefi Athias-Henriot, 1959. Laelapidae: Cosmolaelaps rectangularis Sheals, 1962, Euandrolaelaps karawaiewi (Berlese, 1903), Gaeolaelaps aculeifer (Canestrini, 1883), Gaeolaelaps minor (Costa, 1968), Gaeolaelaps oreithyiae (Walter & Oliver, 1989), Haemolaelaps fenilis (Megnin, 1875), Haemolaelaps shealsi (Costa, 1968), Haemolaelaps schusteri (Hirschmann, 1966), Laelaspis kamalii Joharchi and Halliday, 2012, Laelaspis missouriensis (Ewing, 1904), Gymnolaelaps canestrinii (Berlese, 1903), Gymnolaelaps obscuroides (Costa, 1968). Ologamasidae: Sessiluncus hungaricus Karg, 1964, Allogamasellus sp.; Veigaiidae: Veigaia planicola Berlese, 1882. The genus Allogamasellus and Haemolaelaps schusteri are reported for the first time for Iranian mite fauna and the male of Laelaspis kamalii is reported for the first time for world fauna.}, Keywords = {Acari,Mesostigmata,Soil fauna,World distribution,Laelapidae}, volume = {4}, Number = {4}, pages = {589-604}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7062-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7062-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Heit, Guillermo and Sione, Walter and Cortese, Pablo}, title = {Three years analysis of Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) flight activity in a quarantined area}, abstract ={Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is an important vineyard-pest in the European and Mediterranean areas and it was recently described in Argentina and Chile. Since knowledge on the L. botrana phenology on Argentina is still limited, the objective of this study was to develop a phenological model to predict voltinism of L. botrana in Argentina through a regional approach.Voltinism of L. botrana males was simulated based on occurrence of four non-overlapping flights. Nonlinear regression models were constructed using the weekly average trap catches from the agricultural seasons 2011-2012 to 2013-2014 and amount of degree-days accumulation. Weibull equation showed, on average for the four annual flights, the best estimate of the observed variability in the percentage of adult catches in relation to degree-day accumulation. It can be expected that 50% of male adult emergence for the first flight occurs at 443.9 DD; in the second flight at 1211.7 DD; while in the third and the fourth flights, the accumulation of degree days reaches values of 2077.8 DD and 2905 DD, respectively. The regional approach adopted in this work could explainthe variation found in field data and has a reasonable predictive and explicative capability as a component in the ongoing prospective analysis of the activity of L. botrana in Argentina.  }, Keywords = {Lobesia botrana,surveillance system,voltinism}, volume = {4}, Number = {5}, pages = {605-615}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3274-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3274-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Mokhtarnejad, Lachin and Etebarian, Hasan Reza and Sheykhpour, Pejman and Farzaneh, Mohsen and Khoshayand, Mohammad Rez}, title = {Biomass production and formulation of biocontrol yeast Candida membranifaciens}, abstract ={In this study, the effect of carbon and nitrogen sources, on production of yeast biomass was determined as well as the efficacy of various formulations of Candida membranifaciens to decrease blue mold on apple. The media containing sugar cane molasses as carbon sources caused more yeast growth than the media supplemented with permeate powder. Yeast extract as nitrogen source produced higher biomass than urea and Corn steep liquor (CSL). The best growth was obtained in medium that composed of sugar cane molasses, yeast extract and CSL. Viability of C. membranifaciens differed in various carriers significantly (p < 0.01). The number of viable cells in Kaolin and Talc-based formulations was gradually reduced whereas the viability in wheat bran based formulations increased in 4 months and then gradually declined. In general, the formulations stored at 4 °C had longer shelf life than those stored at 24 °C. The antagonistic efficacy of prepared formulations of C. membranifaciens was evaluated against Penicillium expansum on apple at storage conditions. There were no significant differences among Talc-based, Kaolin-based and Wheat bran-based formulations of C. membranifaciens in reduction of blue mold.}, Keywords = {nutrient sources,Candida membranifaciens,formulation,Biological control,blue mold}, volume = {4}, Number = {5}, pages = {617-625}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10135-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10135-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Gholami, Zahra and Sadeghi, Amin and SheikhiGarjan, Aziz and NazemiRafi, Javad and Gholami, Fatemeh}, title = {Susceptibility of western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) to some synthetic and botanical insecticides under laboratory conditions}, abstract ={This study was conducted to investigate commercial formulations of insecticides against western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande).The insects were collected from commercial greenhouses of cucumber in Varamin, Iran. The tested insecticides were diazinon (EC 60%), cypermethrin (EC 40%), fipronil (EC 2.5%), imidacloprid (SC 35%) and a botanical insecticide oxymatrine (Kingbo, AS 0.6%). Fipronil had the highest efficacy among all tested insecticides (LC50 = 17.97 ppm). However, imidacloprid had the lowest efficacy (LC50 = 2303 ppm). The oxymatrine was effective (LC50 = 69.94 ppm) after fipronil.}, Keywords = {bioassay,Insecticides,Frankliniella occidentalis,fipronil,oxymatrine}, volume = {4}, Number = {5}, pages = {627-632}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-2469-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-2469-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Akandeh, Mojdeh and Kocheili, Farhan and Soufbaf, Mahmoud and Rasekh, Arash}, title = {The effect of physical mutation on the life history parameters and ovipositional preference of the Plutella xylostella}, abstract ={Reproductive parameters and ovipositional preference of Plutella xylostella were assessed on some mutant genotypes of canola (RGS 8-1, RGS 10-2, RGS 8-13, Zar 9-9 and Talaye 8-3) and their cultivars (RGS, Zar, Talaye) under greenhouse condition (21 ± 6 °C, 65 ± 10 RH and a photoperiod of 16L: 8D h). Comparison of the reproductive parameters on RGS and its mutant genotypes revealed that mutant genotype RGS 8-1 was the most susceptible genotype to the pest, having maximum values of gross reproductive rate (182.7 female eggs/ female), net fecundity rate (248.2 eggs/ female) and mean number of fertile eggs (8.98 fertile eggs/female/day). The last parameter was the lowest on RGS 8-13 (3.05 fertile eggs/ female/day). In no-choice condition, the experiment of ovipositional preference indicated no significant difference among mean number of deposited eggs on the three cultivars compared with their mutant genotypes after 24 h. While, in choice test, mutant genotype, RGS 10-2 (151.67 eggs) was preferred over RGS and the two other mutant genotypes. This study revealed that effect of physical mutation on resistance of canola to P. xylostella may vary depending on canola cultivar and different mutant genotypes of the same cultivar. This point should be considered by plant breeders when releasing these mutant plants with appropriate cultural traits for utilizing by farmers.}, Keywords = {Mutant canola,Plutella xylostella,Reproductive parameters,Ovipositional preference}, volume = {4}, Number = {5}, pages = {633-642}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11591-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11591-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Sarafi, Tahere and Barahoei, Hossein and Madjdzadeh, Seyed Massoud and Askari, Maji}, title = {A contribution to the knowledge of the Ichneumonidae (Hym.: Ichneumonoidea) from Neyriz county of Fars province, Iran}, abstract ={A survey was performed to investigate the fauna of Ichneumonidae in Fars province during 2012 to 2013. Totally, 14 species belonging to 13 genera and six subfamilies were collected and identified including: Exetastes adpressorius (Thunberg, 1822) (Banchinae); Diadegma semiclausum (Hellén, 1949) (Campopleginae); Cryptus inculcator (Linnaeus, 1758); Dichrogaster saharator (Aubert, 1964) (Cryptinae); Diplazon laetatorius (Fabricius, 1781); Enizemum ornatum (Gravenhorst, 1829); Homotropus nigritarsus (Gravenhorst, 1829); Homotropus signatus (Gravenhorst, 1829) (Diplazontinae); Colpognathus celerator (Gravenhorst, 1807); Diadromus collaris (Gravenhorst, 1829); Ichneumon sarcitorius Linnaeus, 1758; Virgichneumon callicerus (Gravenhorst, 1820) (Ichneumoninae); Orthocentrus asper (Gravenhorst, 1829); Picrostigeus setiger (Brischke, 1871) (Orthocentrinae), of which Exetastes adpressorius and Picrostigeus setiger are newly recorded for the fauna of Iran. In addition the male of the latter species is recorded for the first time and described. All species except Dichrogaster saharator are new for Fars province.}, Keywords = {Exetastes adpressorius,Picrostigeus setiger,Medicago sativa,field crop,new record,Iran}, volume = {4}, Number = {5}, pages = {643-654}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11836-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11836-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {AdesinaMobolade, Jacobs and Tonsing, Ngaihlun and Rajashekar, Yallapp}, title = {Efficacy of Clerodendrum capitatum and Phyllantus fraternus leaf powders on seed beetles of stored maize and cowpea}, abstract ={The effects of Clerodendrum capitatum (Willd.) and Phyllanthus fraternus (Webster) powders were evaluatedin reducing Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) and Sitophilus zeamais (L.) adult emergence and cowpea and maize seed damage under laboratory conditions. The dried and powdered plant leaves were tested against the virgin weevils by exposing ten unsexed adults to concentration levels of 0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/kg of seeds in three replications. Results obtained showed that the plant powders did not cause significant adult mortality of either of the insects but, significant reductions were recorded in terms of weight loss, seed damage, adult emergence and number of exit holes in maize. The plant powders showed great potentials for use as plant derived insecticides for controlling C. maculatus and S. zeamais in stored seeds.}, Keywords = {Clerodendrum capitatum,Phyllanthus fraternus,leaves powder, Callosobruchus maculatus, Sitophilus zeamais}, volume = {4}, Number = {5}, pages = {655-665}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11931-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-11931-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Nourani, Seyedeh Lavin and Mohammadi-Goltapeh, Ebrahim and Safaie, Naser and JalaliJavaran, Mokhtar and Pourjam, Ebrahim and Shams-Bakhsh, Masoud and JahanshahiAfshar, Farahnaz}, title = {The effects of Arthrobotrys oligospora and Arthrobotrys conoides culture filtrates on second stage juvenile mortality and egg hatching of Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica}, abstract ={Culture filtrates (CF) of two species of the nematophagous fungi, Arthrobotrys oligospora and Arthrobotrys conoidesat three concentrations (25%, 50% and 100%) of stock, were tested on the mortality of second stage juveniles (J2) and egg hatching rate of Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica. Results showed that the percent juvenile mortality was directly proportional to concentration of the filtrates. Egg hatching rate of these nematodes was inversely affected by increasing concentrations. Also CFs had various impacts on the mortality of J2 and egg hatching rate. In case of M. incognita maximum J2 mortality (28.98%) occurred after 24 hours of exposure to A. conoides filtrate at concentration of 100%. The minimum toxicity (12.5% J2 mortality) was recorded for A. oligospora at 25% filtrate concentration. At the same time, the highest rate of J2 mortality of M. javanica (19.18%) belonged to the 100% concentration of A. conoides, while minimum toxicity belonged to 25% concentration of A. oligospora causing 9.09% mortality. Maximum egg hatching rate for M. incognita (30.75%) belonged to control and minimum hatching rate (1.25%) belonged to 100% concentration of A. conoides. The highest hatching rate of M. javanica (36.25%)belonged to control and minimum hatching rate (1.25%) occurred at 100% concentration of A. conoides.}, Keywords = {Arthrobotrys oligospora,A. conoides,culture filtrate,mortality,egg hatching rate, Meloidogyne incognita,M. javanica}, volume = {4}, Number = {5}, pages = {667-674}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-1286-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-1286-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Kordi, Masoumeh and Farrokhi, Naser and Masoudi, Abolfazl and DerakhshanShadmehri, Ali and Gharanjik, Shahrokh}, title = {Expression analyses of some Beauveria bassiana genes in response to cuticles of four different insects}, abstract ={Beauveria spp. as entomopathogenic fungi have extremely diverse insect host ranges.Here, a comparative transcript analysis of a Bassiasin I (BSNI), a Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP), a Cytochrom P450 monooxygenase (CYP52), a Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), and a Neuronal calcium sensor 1 (NCS) in two isolates of Beauveria bassiana., with low and high virulence, were carried out. For this, induction media, containing isolated cuticles from four insects, and a check medium lacking any cuticular extract were prepared and isolates were allowed to grow on them. Interestingly, up-regulation of BSNI and DPP in induction media was noted in comparison to the check, following normalization with γ-ACTIN. CYP52 was up-regulated in synthetic medium in comparison to cuticular extract. MAPK expression was greater in most virulent isolate once compared with the low virulent isolate. The expression of MAPK was greater in the presence of Caliptamus italicus cuticles and synthetic medium as opposed to others. NCS expression remained on changed in all media tested and can be suggested as a reference gene in transcriptomics of Beauveria spp. genes in future.  }, Keywords = {Bassiasin I,Dipeptidyl peptidase,Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase,Mitogen activated protein kinase,Neuronal calcium sensor}, volume = {4}, Number = {5}, pages = {675-690}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3677-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3677-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {ZareHoseini, Raziye and Mohammadi, Ebrahim and Kalatejari, Sepideh}, title = {Effect of bio-fertilizer on growth, development and nutrient content (leaf and soil) of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni}, abstract ={The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bio-fertilizers on growth and development of plants in pots containing (V) vermicompost and (M) cow manure: (soil amendments) and (S) garden soil separately and in combination. In the first experiment, treatments included S (control), SM (soil + 15%M + 0%V), SMV10 (soil + 15%M + 10%V), and SMV20 (soil + 15%M + 20%V) by dry weight (w/w). In the second experiment, mycorrhizae (Glomus mosseae and Piriformospora indica) were also added to the treatments. Plants and soils were evaluated 90 days after inoculation with fungi. At maturity, plant height and stem diameter, leaf area index (LAI), chlorophylls (a + b) content, root length, fresh and dry weights (aerial parts and root), and mineral nutrient content in plant leaves were measured. The obtained results indicated significant differences between treatments. Among all the treatments, interaction of soil amendments and fungus was significant for all traits. Almost the maximum amount of morphological traits was found in the combined applications of soil amendments and fungi. In particular, the highest weights were obtained in the SMV20 treatment inoculated with G. mosseae. Nutrient analysis of leaves, revealed maximum amounts of N, P and K in SMV10 and SMV20 treatments, and the highest amount of Ca and Mg was obtained in plants treated with SM and inoculated with P. indica in comparison to control plants. Also, the highest amount of phosphorous in the soil was obtained when SMV20 treatment was inoculated with P. indica. It seems that the combination of biofertilizers is the best result for the stevia plant growth..  }, Keywords = {Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni,Glomus mosseae,Piriformospora indica,inoculation,cow manure}, volume = {4}, Number = {5}, pages = {691-704}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-2883-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-2883-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Nnemati, Zahra and Banihashemi, Ziaeddi}, title = {Reaction of different Cucurbita species to Phytophthora capsici, P. melonis and P. drechsleri under greenhouse conditions}, abstract ={The reaction of nineteen different cultivars of Cucurbita spp. including Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbita maxima and Lagenaria siceraria to Phytophthora capsici, Phytophthora melonis and Phytophthora drechsleri was studied under greenhouse conditions. Plants were grown in steam sterilized soil. One-month-old plants were inoculated with vermiculate hempseed extract inocula of Phytophthora and were flooded for 24 hours. The activity of the pathogens was monitored during the experiment by using citrus leaf discs. Seedling mortality was monitored two months after inoculation. None of the species were infected with P. drechsleri or P. melonis. Cucurbita maxima cultivars Hamedan and ACE South Korea, C. pepo cultivar Shabestar and Lagenaria siceraria were not infected with P. capcisi. The possibility of using these cultivars as root stocks for grafting against Phytophthora species is discussed.}, Keywords = {Cucurbita pepo,C. maxima,Lagenaria siceraria,grafting,root stock}, volume = {4}, Number = {5}, pages = {705-709}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-12367-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-12367-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Yazdanfar, Hedi and GhodskhahDaryaei, Mehrdad and JalaliSendi, Jalal and Ghobari, Hame}, title = {Effects of three Quercus species on feeding performance of the green oak leaf roller, Tortrix viridana L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)}, abstract ={Feeding performance of the green oak leaf roller, Tortrix viridana (Linnaeus) was determined on three host plants including Quercus libani Oliv, Quercus infectoria Oliv, and Quercus branti Lindl, under laboratory conditions. Mean total leaf weight consumed by larvae was the highest on Q. branti (0.31 g) and the lowest on Q. libani (0.14 g).The feeding index was the highest on Q. libani while the other two host plants were not significantly different. Significant relationships were found between amount of consumed leaf tissues and resulting pupal weight, on all host plants. Larval and pupal mortality were not significantly different on host plants. Findings indicated that the feeding index could be a key factor to assess performance of T. viridana on Quercus species.}, Keywords = {Tortrix viridana,host plants,feeding index,Consumption rate}, volume = {4}, Number = {5}, pages = {711-718}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-6608-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-6608-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Kaur, Manpreet and KumarAggarwal, Neeraj}, title = {First record of Alternaria macrospora MKP1 causing leaf spot disease on Parthenium hysterophorus from India}, abstract ={In the years 2012-14 a series of extensive surveys for natural enemies of parthenium were conducted in Haryana. During survey, a leaf spot disease has been regularly reported on congress grass at different parts of the Kurukshetra and its adjoining areas.The fungal pathogen was isolated from the affected parts of parthenium leaves and on the basis of cultural, morphological and molecular characteristics, was identified as Alternaria macrospora MKP1. Koch’s postulate was performed and found satisfactory for the isolate and proved to be pathogenic to this weed. The growth of A. macrospora MKP1 was studied on eight different media and it exhibited varying degrees of growth on different media. The literature survey indicates that A. macrospora has never been reported on the parthenium weed and it is the first report of occurrence of this pathogen causing leaf spot disease on parthenium weed from the world.}, Keywords = {Alternaria macrospora MKP1,Biological control,leaf spot,Parthenium hysterophorus}, volume = {4}, Number = {5}, pages = {719-726}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-6843-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-6843-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {RanjbarAghdam, Hossein and YousefiPorshokouh, Arezoo and Sedighi, L}, title = {Temperature-dependent life table parameters of Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)}, abstract ={The effect of temperature on demographic parameters of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.) was studied at 23, 25, 27, and 30 °C, 50 ± 10% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 (L: D) h. The life table parameters were estimated according to the age-stage, two-sex life table procedure. In addition, the bootstrap technique was employed for estimating the means, variances, and standard errors of the population parameters at all studied temperatures. All estimated parameters were affected considerably by temperature. Among examined temperatures, the highest values of net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and finite rate of increase (λ) were 223.04 egg, 0.096 day-1, and 1.101day-1, respectively at 27 °C. The lowest mean generation time was 50.31 day at 30 °C. Moreover, the highest reproductive value was observed at 27 °C. According to the results, temperature can affect all life table parameters of G. mellonella, and according to our investigation, 27 °C is the best temperature for its mass rearing in laboratory condition among the evaluated temperatures.}, Keywords = {Galleria mellonella,Life history,temperature}, volume = {4}, Number = {5}, pages = {727-738}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-12269-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-12269-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Lotfi, Arezu and Shams-Bakhsh, Masoud and Yakhchali, Bagher}, title = {Production of polyclonal antiserum against beet western yellows virus coat protein expressed in Escherichia coli}, abstract ={Serological methods are commonly used methods for detection of viruses. Preparation of pure viral antigens is a crucial step in production of antibodies required for serological studies. In this research the gene encoding coat protein of a Beet western yellows virus (BWYV) isolate from Iran was amplified by PCR and was ligated into a bacterial expression vector (pET26b) to obtain pET-BWYV-CP clone. Escherichia coli BL21 was transformed with pET-BWYV-CP and expression of the recombinant coat protein was induced by IPTG. The expressed recombinant coat proteins were purified and used as an antigen for rabbit immunization. The antiserum was able to detect recombinant coat protein in total protein extracts of induced E. coli BL21 cells in western blot analysis.  }, Keywords = {Polerovirus,Expression,western blot,BWYV}, volume = {4}, Number = {5}, pages = {739-746}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-12048-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-12048-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Mohammadi, Elham and Rohani, Mohammad and Esfandiarpour, Isa and Izadi, Hamzeh}, title = {Spatial mapping of the common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae: A case study in the Rafsanjan region, Iran}, abstract ={The common pistachio psylla Agonoscena pistaciae is a key pest of pistachio in Iran. A study was conducted to determine the spatial distribution ofpsyllanymphs and eggs in a 10 ha pistachio orchard in the Rafsanjan region, southeast of Iran. Three rows, each containing 33 trees (totally 99 trees), were randomly selected in the orchard based on a stratified sampling scheme. In each of the selected trees, three positions in the crown (top, middle and bottom) were considered. One leaf from each position as sampling unit (totally 297 samples) was clipped and number of nymphs and eggs were counted. Ordinary kriged maps were achieved for nymphs and eggs of the three positions using a variogram function. Results indicated the highest and lowest density of the nymphs occurred on the top and bottom positions of the crown, respectively. Eggs of the common pistachio psylla were laid mostly on the bottom of the pistachio crown.}, Keywords = {Agonoscena pistaciae,geostatistics,kriging,Pistachio,Rafsanjan}, volume = {4}, Number = {5}, pages = {747-756}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-2762-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-2762-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Annual index: Authors}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {5}, pages = {757-759}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7352-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-7352-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Annual index: Scientific names}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {5}, pages = {761-772}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10719-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-10719-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Annual index: Subjects}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {}, volume = {4}, Number = {5}, pages = {773-832}, publisher = {Tarbiat Modares University}, url = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3318-en.html}, eprint = {http://jcp.modares.ac.ir/article-3-3318-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Crop Protection}, issn = {2251-9041}, eissn = {2251-905X}, year = {2015} }